胶束电动毛细管电泳法测定β-内酰胺类抗生素

采用胶束电动毛细管电泳(MEKC)法测定多种β-内酰胺类抗生素及舒巴坦的含量。电泳运行缓冲液为20 mmol/L硼砂缓冲液(pH9.5),十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)38 mmol/L。8种药物在15m in内达到基线分离。选择苯巴比妥作为内标,各组分浓度在50~600 mg/L范围内呈良好线性关系,相关系数为0.9932~0.9993;检出限4.8~26 mg/L;进样精密度RSD 3.0%~5.6%;对头孢哌酮-舒巴坦制剂进行含量测定,回收率为100%~106%,含量测定结果与HPLC方法所得结果没有显著性差异。     

基于细菌纤维素的毛细管电泳法同时测定果蔬中3种苯并咪唑类杀菌剂

建立了高效毛细管电泳同时测定果蔬中3种常见的苯并咪唑类杀菌剂(甲基硫菌灵、多菌灵和苯菌灵)的分析方法。以细菌纤维素(BC)为电泳缓冲液添加剂来提高毛细管电泳的分离能力。系统考察了检测波长、缓冲液离子强度、缓冲液pH、分离电压及BC添加量对3种苯并咪唑类杀菌剂分离效果的影响。最终的优化条件:H3BO3/Na2B4O7缓冲液(4 mmol/L,pH 9.0);BC添加质量分数0.3%;运行电压15 kV;分离柱温25℃;检测波长275 nm。3种苯并咪唑类杀菌剂在8 min之内可实现基线分离及准确定量。结果显示:3种苯并咪唑类杀菌剂在各自线性范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r2)≥0.997;检出限为5.0~10.0μg/L;保留时间及峰面积的日间相对标准偏差(n=5)分别为0.82%~1.0%和2.4%~2.9%。该法用于葡萄、番茄及黄瓜中3种苯并咪唑类杀菌剂的测定,加标回收率为93.5%~103.0%,RSD≤8.0%。该法可作为果蔬中甲基硫菌灵、多菌灵和苯菌灵同时检测的有效手段。     

二维毛细管电泳电化学检测尿样中的β-阻断剂

设计并制作了在柱电化学(EC)检测池,用于在同一根毛细管中进行中心切割二维毛细管电泳(2D-CE)在线纯化分离检测尿样中的6种β-阻断剂.尿样先在15 mmol/L NaAc缓冲液中进行毛细管区带电泳(CZE)分离,带正电荷的β-阻断剂与中性和带负电荷的干扰物质分成不同区带,然后在检测端施加13.8 kPa压力将干扰成分从毛细管入口端排出,同时将目标组分驱送到毛细管入口端,最后在90 mmol/L NaAc-30 mmol/L SDS缓冲液中进行胶束电动毛细管色谱(MEKC)分离.场放大样品堆积(FASS)/胶束推扫在柱双重富集技术不仅有效抵消压力驱送过程中产生的区带扩散,还可进一步压缩样品区带,提高检测灵敏度.本方法成功用于服药后鼠尿样品中6种β-阻断剂的分离测定,经第一维CZE分离排除干扰后,在未涂层毛细管柱(60 cm ×50 μm i.d.)、90 mmol/L NaAc/HAc-30 mmol/L SDS运行缓冲液、检测电位0.8 V、运行电压10 kV条件下,对6种β-阻断剂进行在线富集分离,峰高、峰面积和迁移时间的相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为2.0%～4.1%, 1.4%～3.7%和0.9%～2.7%(n=6).本研究为毛细管电泳在复杂样品在线纯化分析等方面的应用提供了新方法.     

毛细管电泳柱后衍生激光诱导荧光测定动物组织中卡那霉素类抗生素

采用毛细管电泳柱后衍生激光诱导荧光测定3种卡那霉素类抗生素。研究了在反向电渗流条件下HAc-NaAc缓冲液酸度和浓度对卡那霉素类抗生素分离的影响,研究了Na2B4O7缓冲体系和柱后衍生试剂萘二醛/2-巯基乙醇浓度对检测信号的影响。采用50 mmol/L HAc-NaAc(pH5.0) 0.5 mmol/L CTMAB溶液为分离缓冲液,样品在-15 kV下分离,与柱后衍生试剂1.0 mmol/L NDA 8.0 mmol/L 2-ME 35 mmol/LNa2B4O7(pH10.0)的30%(V/V)甲醇溶液反应,激发诱导荧光检测卡那霉素类抗生素检出限为3.6×10-5~5.2×10-5g/L;本方法用于动物组织中卡那霉素类抗生素残留检测,相对标准偏差小于7.2%;回收率为90.2%~95.3%(n=4)。     

高效毛细管电泳法同时分离检测土壤中三嗪类与磺胺类抗球虫药物的研究

以体积比为3∶2的0.1 mol/L NaOH和THF混合液作为提取液,建立了同时分离检测土壤中两类抗球虫药物(磺胺、磺胺氯吡嗪、磺胺喹噁啉、地克珠利)的高效毛细管电泳(HPCE)方法。考察了HPCE中缓冲液类型、离子浓度和pH值、分离电压、分离温度等因素,利用正交实验进行条件优化,得出了最佳实验条件:缓冲体系为50 mmol/L硼砂-200 mmol/L硼酸(pH 9.0),分离电压23 kV,分离温度25℃,紫外检测波长分别为220 nm和254 nm。在此最佳分离条件下,上述4种抗球虫药物在7.5 min内实现快速分离。4种药物在1.56～50 mg/L范围内呈良好线性,相关系数(r2)为0.994 7～0.999 9。在2.0、5.0、10.0 mg/kg的加标水平下,4种药物的回收率为77%～90%,相对标准偏差(RSDs,n=6)为6.3%～8.1%。该方法简便、快速、成本低,成功应用于畜禽养殖场土壤中4种常用抗球虫药物的快速检测。     

动态pH联接-扫集毛细管电泳法测定化妆品中迷迭香酸的含量

采用动态pH联接-扫集毛细管电泳法对化妆品中的迷迭香酸进行检测。用重力进样的方式,进样高度为15 cm的情况下,研究了硼砂浓度、pH、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)浓度、甲醇浓度、样品基体、进样时间、分离电压对富集与分离的影响。优化后的实验条件:15 mmol/L硼砂-45 mmol/L SDS(pH8.8)-15%甲醇为缓冲液,进样时间60s,分离电压16kV,样品中磷酸盐浓度10 mmol/L,样品基质pH 4.7。在上述条件下,迷迭香酸(RA)的线性回归方程式为y=539200ρ+53588(r=0.9985),线性范围为0.144～3.6μg/mL,检出限0.036μg/mL,迷迭香酸的回收率为92.5%～103%,相对标准偏差为2.5%。     

阴离子选择性耗尽进样-胶束扫集毛细管电泳法对痕量醋酸氢化可的松的测定

联用阴离子选择性耗尽进样和胶束扫集两种在线富集技术,建立了胶束毛细管电泳方法测定化妆品中醋酸氢化可的松的方法。讨论了SDS浓度、样品基体、进样电压、进水时间和进样时间对富集和分离的影响。优化的实验条件:以120 mmol/L SDS-20 mmol/L NaH2PO4(pH2.2)-10%(体积分数)甲醇为缓冲体系,分离电压-20 kV,进样电压-20 kV,进样时间80 s,进水时间200 s,测量波长250 nm。在该实验条件下,醋酸氢化可的松的富集倍数比普通毛细管电泳法提高了约173倍。方法的线性范围为0.05~5.0 mg/L,检出限为12.6μg/L。该方法用于化妆品中醋酸氢化可的松含量的测定,回收率为98%~105%,相对标准偏差均小于4.0%(n=4)。     

毛细管电泳测定柿子中维生素C的含量

建立高效毛细管电泳法测定柿子中维生素C的含量,缓冲液为25 mmol/L 的磷酸盐缓冲液(NaOH调pH为7.40),电压20 kV,柱温25℃,检测波长254 nm.该方法相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.35％,加样回收率(n=6)为99.04％(RSD 1.01％),在0.25～2.5 g/L线性范围内,维生素C的峰面...     

胶束电动毛细管色谱测定塑料食品包装袋中邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物的研究

采用胶束电动毛细管色谱法对5种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物(邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP))和邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯(DOP))进行了分离研究,考察了溶液的pH值、胶束浓度和有机改性剂等对分离的影响。结果表明:以5 mmol/L硼砂-25 mmol/L十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)-15%(体积分数)甲醇溶液为电泳缓冲液(pH 9.2),采用压力进样方式,25 kV恒压下进行分离,在波长200 nm处检测,各组分在17 min内可达到基线分离。DMP、DEP、DBP、DEHP和DOP的检出限分别为0.13 mg/L、0.14 mg/L、0.38 mg/L0、.13 mg/L和0.10 mg/L。本法应用于塑料食品袋中邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物的测定,回收率范围为81.80%~118.87%,峰面积的相对标准偏差(RSD)小于4.30%(n=10),测定结果满意。     

手性冠醚为手性分离选择剂的胶束毛细管电泳在线富集分离吉米沙星对映体

以手性冠醚为胶束毛细管电泳手性分离选择剂,对吉米沙星对映体药物的在线富集分离进行了研究.考察了阳离子表面活性剂十二烷基三甲基溴化铵浓度、运行缓冲溶液中有机添加剂含量和进样方式对对映体的富集和分离度的影响.使用未涂层毛细管柱(37 cm×51 μm,有效柱长30 cm),45 mmol/L Bis-Tris缓冲液+10 mmol/L十二烷基三甲基溴化铵(DTAB)+1 mmol/L手性冠醚+11%乙腈为运行缓冲溶液(pH=4.0),在紫外检测波长280 nm、运行电压-10 kV、电动进样条件下,对吉米沙星对映体进行在线推扫(sweeping)富集分离,在基线分离的前提下,富集倍数可达600～700倍.吉米沙星浓度为0.3 μmol/L时,两对映体峰高的相对标准偏差<4.0%(n=7).本方法为毛细管电泳在痕量对映体药物分析等方面的应用提供了新方法.     

Gels from a semifluorinated n-alkane in fluorinated solvents as a probe for intermolecular interactions

Diblock semifluorinated n-alkanes can form aggregates and gels in fluorinated solvents. We have investigated the thermal behavior of binary mixtures comprising F(CF₂)₈(CH₂)₁₆H and fluorinated solvents. The solvents were perfluorohexane, perfluoroheptane, perfluorooctane, perfluorooctyl bromide, perfluorodecalin, and perfluorotributylamine. The phase diagrams were used to calculate the activity coefficients of the two components and the main excess thermodynamic functions. The solubility and self-assembly behavior of F₈H₁₆ in the fluorinated solvents are related to the different solute–solvent dispersion interactions that depend on the polarizabilities and ionization potentials of the interacting species, and on the structural properties of the solvent.     

PMDA-BPDA-HAB聚苯并噁唑的合成及耐热性

PMDA-BPDA-HAB聚苯并噁唑的合成及耐热性;均苯四甲酸二酐;联苯四羧酸二酐;二羟基联苯胺;聚酰亚胺;聚苯并噁唑;耐热性     

HCOO在Cu(110)、Ag(110)和Au(110)表面的吸附

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)以及广义梯度近似方法(GGA)计算了甲酸根(HCOO)在Cu(110)、Ag(110)和Au(110)表面的吸附. 计算结果表明, 短桥位是最稳定的吸附位置, 计算的几何参数与以前的实验和计算结果吻合. 吸附热顺序为Cu(110)(-116 kJ·mol-1)>Ag(110)(-57 kJ·mol-1)>Au(110)(-27 kJ·mol-1), 与实验上甲酸根的分解温度相一致. 电子态密度分析表明, 吸附热顺序可以用吸附分子与金属d-带之间的Pauli 排斥来关联, 即排斥作用越大, 吸附越弱. 另外还从计算的吸附热数据以及实验上HCOO的分解温度估算了反应CO2+1/2H2→HCOO的活化能, 其大小顺序为Au(110)>Ag(110)>Cu(110).     

Transition metal complexes of the tripodal ligand 4-(2′-pyridylmethyl)-4-azaheptane-1,7-diamine. Crystal structures of [CuLCl]ClO4 and [NiL(MeCN)2](ClO4)2

The tripodal ligand 4-(2′-pyridylmthyl)-4-azaheptane-1,7-diamine has been prepared by reaction of 2-aminemethyl pyridine with acrylonitrile, followed by the reduction of the nitrile groups. Copper(II), nickel(II), zinc(II), cobalt(III) and chromium(III) complexes of the ligand have been prepared and characterized and the crystal structures of the complexes [CuLCl]ClO₄ and [NiL(MeCN)₂](ClO₄)₂ determined. The copper complex is five coordinate with approximate square pyramidal stereochemistry with the apical position occupied by a primary amine donor. The nickel complex is octahedral with the pyridine nitrogen donor lying trans to an acetonitrile ligand.     

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF METAL COMPLEXES WITH AMPICILLIN

Abstract

The reaction, in water, of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) ions with sodium ampicillinate at room temperature has allowed isolation of dimers with the following general formula [M(amp)Cl]₂ × nH₂O (n = 1.5?3.2). The complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, conductivity measurements, magnetic susceptibilities and spectroscopic methods (IR, Raman, EPR and UV-Visible). A dinuclear structure based on octahedrally coordinated metal ions is proposed.     

Magnetism of metal-nitroxide compounds involving bis-chelating imidazole and benzimidazole substituted nitronyl nitroxide free radicals

Coordination compounds based on imidazole and benzimidazole substituted nitronyl nitroxide radicals with transition metal ions and trivalent lanthanide ions are described from the perspective of their magnetic properties.For the transition metal compounds the crystal structures show various metal-nitroxide dimensionalities including mononuclear (0D), one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) complexes. The mononuclear complexes were isolated with most metal ions of the first transition series. One copper(II) complex shows a copper(II)-radical ferromagnetic coupling (J = +75 cm⁻¹) while for the other mononuclear compounds, mainly with manganese(II), the metal-radical interactions are antiferromagnetic. The one-dimensional and two-dimensional complexes are manganese(II) compounds which show canting effects leading to weak ferromagnetism.For the trivalent lanthanide ions [La(III), Gd(III) and Eu(III)], three series of mononuclear complexes were obtained in which the metal center is bound to four, two or one nitroxide radicals depending on the counter ions and ancillary ligands. Unexpectedly, in most gadolinium(III) complexes, the Gd(III)-radical interactions were found to be antiferromagnetic in contradiction with other foundings and previous theoretical models. In support to the magnetic studies, the optical properties of the lantanide complexes have also been investigated and are briefly described.     

具有聚集诱导发光性质的近红外荧光染料

聚集诱导发光(AIE)现象的发现为解决传统有机荧光分子在高浓度和聚集形态下存在的荧光猝灭问题提供了最佳方案,并实现了在光电器件、化学传感、生物成像和靶向治疗等众多领域的广泛应用。随着对AIE发光机理研究的不断深入,AIE分子体系得到了极大的扩展。其中,一类具有给体-受体结构的AIE分子能够显著降低分子能隙,使发光分子波长从可见光区(400~700 nm)延伸到近红外(NIR)区(700~1700 nm)。由于NIR发光分子在生物医学领域中的独特优势,其已成为目前AIE研究的热点。随着对NIR分子设计及应用的不断探索,附加不同功能且发光波长更长的AIE分子也被开发出来了,并实现了对生物体特定组织的NIR荧光成像、光声成像、光动力治疗和光热治疗等。本文总结了近年来具有AIE性能的NIR荧光分子的结构及其在生物医学领域的相关应用。     

Simple,Selective, and Sensitive Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Trace Amounts of Nickel（Ⅱ）, Copper （Ⅱ）, Cobalt （Ⅱ）, and Iron （Ⅲ） with a Novel Reagent 2-Pyridine Carboxaldehyde Isonicotinyl Hydrazone

A selective and sensitive reagent of 2-pyridine carboxaldehyde isonicotinyl hydrazone（2-PYAINH） was synthesized and studied for the spectrophotometric determination of nickel, copper, cobalt, and iron in detail. At a pH value of 7.0, 9,0, 9.0, and 8.0, respectively, which greatly increased the selectivity; nickel, copper, cobalt, and iron reacted with 2-PYAINH to form a 1：2 yellow-orange, 1：2 yellow-green, 1：2 yellow and 1：1 yellow complexes, with absorption peaks at 363, 352, 346, and 359 nm, respectively. Under the optimal conditions, Beer＇s law was obeyed over the ranges of 0.01-1.4, 0.01-1.5, 0.01-2.7, and 0.01-5.4 mg/L respectively. The apparent molar absorptivity and Sandell＇s sensitivities were 8.4×10^4, 5.2×10^4, 7.1×10^4, and 3.9×10^4 L·mol^-l·cm^-1, respectively, and 0.00069, 0.0012, 0.00078, and 0.0014 μg·cm2, respectively. The detection limits were found to be 0.001, 0.002, 0.003, and 0.01 mg/L, respectively. The detailed study of various interfering ions to make the method more sensitive was carried out and selective and several real samples were analyzed with satisfactory results.     

Synthesis of Some Novel Class of Bis(isoxazoline) and Bis(aziridine) Derivatives

Synthesis of some new bis(isoxazoline) derivatives has been described from terepthaldehyde derived bis(nitrones) using microwave irradiation via 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction. Bis(isoxazoline) derivatives in turn successfully converted into new bis(aziridine) derivatives via Baldwin rearrangement. Simple reaction methodology, non involvement of catalysts, and good to excellent yields are the important features noticed in this synthesis.     

柴油加氢精制催化剂制备技术

柴油加氢精制催化剂制备技术的发展大致经历了3个阶段,由此形成了三代柴油加氢催化剂:单层分散的负载型金属硫化物催化剂,多层分散的负载型金属硫化物催化剂和非负载型金属硫化物催化剂。本文对金属硫化钼基柴油加氢精制催化剂的应用背景、制备思想及催化剂研究开发现状进行了系统的总结,对柴油加氢催化剂的发展方向进行了展望。