快速溶剂萃取-在线净化-GC-MS联用测定纺织品中10种芳香胺

利用在线净化-快速溶剂萃取结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术,建立了一种快速、高效的多种致癌芳香胺类成分的样品前处理及测定方法。纺织样品中的偶氮染料在萃取池内高温和高压条件下进行氧化-还原裂解反应,裂解芳香胺产物萃取后,经池内硅藻土填料实现在线净化。10种芳香胺类物质在0.5~90mg/L的范围内与峰面积呈线性,检测限在1.2~4.6mg/kg,快速溶剂萃取处理所得10种致癌芳香胺成分的加标回收率在82.6%~96.3%,相对标准偏差(RSD)1.8%~4.7%。缩短了样品前处理流程,节省了溶剂和成本,适用于快速准确分析纺织品样品中的禁用偶氮苯成分。     

纸质包装材料中芳香胺向食品模拟物改性聚苯醚的迁移量测定

为了解纸质包装材料中芳香胺向食品中的迁移量,选取改性聚苯醚(Tenax)作为食品模拟物,建立了溶剂萃取/气相色谱-质谱联用法测定纸质包装材料和Tenax中芳香胺的方法。对样品前处理和气相色谱-质谱检测条件进行优化。纸质包装材料样品选取10 m L叔丁基甲醚为溶剂超声萃取30 min,Tenax选取10 m L正己烷为溶剂超声萃取15 min。萃取液经DB-17弹性毛细管柱分离,选择离子监测模式测定,内标法定量,3个内标分别为萘-d8、2,4,5-三氯苯胺和蒽-d10。结果表明,在0.001 4~0.14 mg/dm2范围内,20种芳香胺的线性关系良好,相关系数(r)均大于0.998,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.9%~6.9%,检出限为0.000 1~0.000 3 mg/dm2,加标回收率为80.6%~107.2%。该方法应用于两种纸质包装材料中芳香胺迁移量的测定,显示分子量偏小、沸点偏低的芳香胺有一定迁移。该方法简单快速,灵敏度高,重现性好,能满足纸质包装材料中20种芳香胺迁移量的测定要求。     

离子液体-液相微萃取-高效液相色谱法测定纺织品中芳香胺

建立了一种基于1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐离子液体的溶剂棒液相微萃取样品前处理技术,结合高效液相色谱法分析染色纺织品中源于禁用偶氮染料的8种致癌芳香胺的方法。考察了有机萃取溶剂、给出相pH值、搅拌速度、盐效应和萃取时间的影响,确定了以正辛醇为有机萃取溶剂,离子液体为接收相,给出相pH值为10并添加饱和NaCl溶液,搅拌速率为1000 r/min,萃取时间为40 min的芳香胺优化萃取条件。方法的线性范围宽,相关系数r>0.9986;检出限为0.014~2.1μg/L(S/N=3);相对标准偏差<4.6%(n=10);回收率为83.2%~91.2%;8种芳香胺的富集倍数在10~270倍之间。本法具有灵敏,萃取效率高,有机溶剂消耗少,操作简单、快捷等特点。     

在线中空纤维膜液相微萃取/高效液相色谱法测定3种痕量芳香胺

建立了一种在线中空纤维膜液相微萃取/高效液相色谱联用技术测定3种痕量芳香胺(邻甲苯胺、3,3'-二甲基联苯胺、2-萘胺)的新方法,以顺序注射仪将中空纤维膜液相微萃取装置和高效液相色谱仪连接搭建在线检测装置,利用此装置优化了萃取溶剂、供体相、接收相、盐效应、搅拌速度、萃取时间等前处理条件。结果表明,以正辛醇为萃取溶剂,0.1 mol·L-1Na OH与300 mg·L-1的Na Cl溶液为供体相,0.1 mol·L-1HCl溶液为接收相,搅拌速度为400 r·min-1,萃取40 min后,3种芳香胺的富集倍数可达48~96倍。该方法对3种痕量芳香胺的线性范围为0.01~0.25 mg·L-1,相关系数(r)不小于0.998 4,检出限为0.3~2.2μg·L-1,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=10)为3.1%~4.0%,用于印染废水中3种芳香胺的分析,回收率为98.0%~102.0%。该方法操作简单,有机溶剂用量少,富集率较高,可用于痕量芳香胺类物质的快速分析。     

加速溶剂萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定塑料中15种致敏芳香化合物

提出了加速溶剂萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定塑料中15种致敏芳香化合物。样品与硅藻土混匀后采用丙酮为溶剂,在80℃,1 500 MPa压力条件下提取20min,循环2次,萃取物浓缩定容后经DB-17石英毛细管色谱柱分离,在全扫描和选择离子监测模式下测定。颜色较深的样品经硅胶固相萃取小柱净化后测定,内标法定量。15种化合物的线性范围均为0.005~60 mg·L-1,检出限(3S/N)在0.005~0.03mg·L-1之间。方法用于聚丙烯、聚乙烯、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯塑料样品的分析,加标回收率在83.3%~118%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在3.0%~9.9%之间。     

加速溶剂萃取-气相色谱法测定土壤中16种多环芳烃

利用加速溶剂萃取-气相色谱法测定土壤中16种多环芳烃的分析。研究了萃取时间、温度、压力、样品的粒度对萃取效率的影响及不同淋洗液在硅胶柱净化过程中对方法回收率的影响。实验结果表明,加速溶剂萃取方法对16种多环芳烃的萃取溶剂量小,萃取时间短萃取回收率分别在74%~95%之间;对标准样品的检出限为0.00004~0.02 mg/kg;方法RSD为4%~15%。用此方法测定了株洲土壤中的多环芳烃含量。     

超声萃取-气相色谱/质谱法同时测定土壤中3种季胺盐化合物

建立了超声萃取-气相色谱/质谱法同时测定土壤中3种典型季胺盐化合物十二烷基三甲基氯化胺(DTAC)、十六烷基三甲基溴化胺(CTAB)、双十二烷基二甲基氯化胺(DDAC)的分析方法。采用电子轰击(EI)-选择离子检测(SIM)进行定量分析,特征离子为m/z 58,212。考察了萃取剂种类、辅助萃取剂直链烷基苯磺酸(LAS)浓度、萃取剂pH值(0.5~7.0)、萃取次数(1,2,3)以及净化柱成分对萃取效率的影响。最佳萃取条件为,以甲醇为萃取剂,以HCl调至pH 3.5,LAS浓度为40μg/L,超声萃取2次,每次10 mL甲醇,20 min,萃取液采用中性氧化铝柱净化。3种目标化合物的线性范围在0.02~2.0 mg/L之间;方法检出限为1.2~4.5μg/kg。以此方法测定南方某矿区尾矿渣及周边水稻土、赤红壤等样品,目标化合物的含量在0.24~0.41 mg/kg之间,不同加标水平(0.2,0.5和1.0 mg/kg)回收率在76%~113%之间,相对标准偏差在1.1%~12.9%之间。     

在线柱后衍生-高效液相色谱-荧光检测法同时测定牛肉中16种磺胺类药物残留

在考察了荧光胺、邻苯二甲醛、异硫氰酸荧光素和2,3-萘二醛等对磺胺类药物衍生效果的基础上,建立了采用改良QuEChERS方法进行样品前处理,荧光胺在线柱后衍生,高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定牛肉中16种磺胺残留量的方法。牛肉样品经1%(v/v)乙酸乙腈溶液提取,改良QuEChERS方法净化后取上清液进样,与荧光胺柱后在线衍生,荧光检测器检测。实验结果表明,16种磺胺类药物在0.024~2.533 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)大于0.992,检出限为1.6~8.2 μg/kg,平均加标回收率范围为66.6%~109.5%,相对标准偏差为0.9%~9.9%。该方法快速简便、灵敏度高、净化效果好,可用于牛肉中16种磺胺类药物的快速测定。     

在线固相萃取-毛细管高效液相色谱联用测定奶酪中的生物胺

采用双二元泵毛细管液相色谱,通过六通阀实现了样品的在线净化与分离定量的自动切换,建立了同时测定奶酪中的15种生物胺的在线固相萃取-毛细管高效液相色谱联用方法。通过优化毛细管高效液相色谱的分离条件,考察在线固相萃取流动相的组成、上样溶液pH值以及六通阀的切换时间对生物胺回收率的影响,确定最佳分析条件为：5%乙腈-水作为固萃柱(Zorbax SB-C18)的流动相,上样溶液pH=11,上样3 min后切换六通阀。采用内标法定量,15种生物胺标准曲线的线性范围为0.25~50.0 mg/L,检出限( LOD)为0.05~0.25 mg/L,定量限(LOQ)为0.15~0.80 mg/L。除了甲胺、乙胺、3-甲基丁胺和5-羟基色胺外,其余生物胺的不同添加水平(1,20和40 mg/kg)下的加标回收率为79.6%~118.7%;除3-甲基丁胺和5-羟基色胺外,其余生物胺的RSD在0.3%~14.9%之间,可用于奶酪中多种生物胺的快速检测。     

快速溶剂萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法测定血中12种催眠类药物

提出了气相色谱-串联质谱法测定血液中12种催眠类药物含量的方法。样品以乙酸乙酯-环己烷-丙酮(2+2+1)混合液为萃取剂,使用氧化铝吸附剂达到在线净化的效果,经快速溶剂萃取仪提取后,提取液用氮气吹干,用甲醇0.5mL溶解,通过VF-5MS色谱柱分离,采用电子轰击离子源多反应监测模式进行测定。12种催眠类药物的质量浓度与其峰面积均在50.0~1 000μg·L-1之间呈线性关系,测定下限(10S/N)在0.02~4.7μg·L-1之间。加标回收率在65.4%~98.2%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差在0.9%~14.8%之间。     

Determination of aromatic amines from azo dyes reduction by liquid‐phase sorbent trapping and thermal desorption‐gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry

A novel method based on thermal desorption was developed for the trapping of aromatic amines from azo dyes reduction in liquid phase. Combining GC‐MS, the detection limits for 21 kinds of aromatic amines ranged from 0.1 to 3 mg/kg. The recoveries of most aromatic amines were ?70% with RSDs ?10%. This method also offers low sample and organic solvent requirements, effective preconcentration and convenient procedure. It has been applied to determine aromatic amines from the real samples of textile and yielded good results.     

液液萃取-分散液液微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用测定纺织废水中痕量禁用偶氮染料

建立了液液萃取-分散液液微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术测定纺织废水中痕量偶氮染料的方法。废水中的偶氮染料在碱性条件下经连二亚硫酸钠还原成芳香胺后,先用叔丁基甲醚液液萃取、盐酸反萃进行预浓缩及净化;再以乙腈-氯苯体系进行分散液液微萃取,气相色谱-质谱测定。对前处理条件进行了优化,考察了酸碱度及盐效应对芳香胺萃取效率的影响,结果表明：液液萃取过程中加入30 g NaCl,分散液液微萃取过程中加入1 mL 5 mol/L的NaOH调节体系至碱性才能达到较好的萃取效率。在优化的实验条件下,21种目标物均呈现良好的线性关系,其中13种芳香胺的线性范围为0.05~10 μg/L,7种芳香胺的线性范围为0.05~5 μg/L,2,4-二氨基苯甲醚的线性范围为20~100 μg/L,相关系数为0.996~0.999。20种芳香胺的检出限可达0.05 μg/L,2,4-二氨基苯甲醚检出限为20 μg/L。印染、机织、印花等实际废水加标试验表明,方法的回收率为75.6%~115.1%。该方法富集倍数高,检出限低,适用于纺织废水中痕量禁用偶氮染料的检测。     

高效液相色谱-质谱法测定电子电气产品塑料部件中偶氮染料释放的致癌芳香胺

采用高效液相色谱-质谱(HPLC-MS)法对电子电气产品塑料部件中偶氮染料还原裂解产生的21种芳香族伯胺进行同时测定。塑料用有机溶剂溶解或溶胀,释放其中存在的偶氮染料,在连二亚硫酸钠的强还原性环境中,偶氮染料被还原为芳香胺。用甲基叔丁基醚提取芳香胺,提取液浓缩后用甲醇-水(1：1,v/v)定容,HPLC-MS检测。采用ZORBAX Eclipse XDB C₁₈色谱柱分离,乙腈和0.1%(v/v)甲酸溶液为流动相,流速0.6 mL/min,选择离子监测(SIM)采集数据,色谱峰保留时间和特征离子定性。21种芳香胺的线性关系良好,r >0.998,方法检出限为0.5 mg/kg。除个别物质外,在空白塑料基质中的加标回收率为60.1%~129.5%,相对标准偏差小于14.0%。本研究表明电子电气塑料部件中的禁用偶氮染料还原产生的芳香胺能够被定性定量测定,本方法的准确度高,精密度好。     

废水中二氧化硫脲的分光光度法测定

本文提出了分光光度法测定二氧化硫脲的新方法。在ｐＨ１１．３的碱性介质中，二氧化硫脲可将芳香族硝基化合物还原为芳香族伯胺，经重氮化后与萘乙二胺反应生成红色的偶氮染料。其最大吸收波长为５２５ｎｍ，线性范围为２．０￣４０．０ｍｇ／Ｌ，检测限２ｍｇ／Ｌ，回收率９７．０％￣１０２．７％。本法灵敏度高，对二氧化硫脲有较好的选择性，用于为水中微量二氧化硫脲的测定，结果满意。     

Characterisation of leather candidate certified reference materials for their mass fractions of aromatic amines

Three batches of leather samples were coloured with nine azo dyes that can yield eight proven or suspected carcinogenic aromatic amines under reduction conditions. The samples were milled to grains and bottled in jars. A group of five laboratories has established the mass fraction of the amines in a ring test using different analytical methods. The methods included a reduction step in order to cleave the azo dyes into the aromatic amines. Quantification was by standard addition: sub-samples of the leathers were spiked with known amounts of azo dyes of known purity. It was possible to establish the mass fractions of six of the eight aromatic amines in three of the leather samples.     

Characterization of sulfonated azo dyes and aromatic amines by pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Sixteen sulfonated and unsulfonated azo dyes as well as eleven sulfonated and unsulfonated aromatic amines were analyzed and qualitatively characterized by means of pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry at different temperatures. Aniline and aminonaphthalene were found to be the dominant pyrolysis products of sulfonated aromatic amines and dyes. Azo dye and dye class specific key compounds such as benzidine, vinyl-p-base and 4-aminoazobenzene could be identified by pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of commercial acid, cationic, direct, reactive and solvent dyes. 500 degrees C was the optimal pyrolysis temperature for most of the pyrolyzed compounds. The method was applied to a dried sample of a textile wastewater concentrate from a dyeing process. Reactive azo dyes of the group of Remazol dyes and anthraquinone dyes could be identified as the major compounds of the sample. The finding of caprolactam (a printing additive) suggests that the wastewater contained effluent from a process of heat-activated printing with reactive dyes. p-Chloraniline, a banned aromatic amine, was identified. Chemical reduction of the wastewater sample prior to pyrolysis resulted in the release of volatile aromatic amines and aided the classification of several products of pyrolysis.     

Strategies for continuous on-line high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and electrospray tandem mass spectrometry for process monitoring of sulphonated azo dyes and their intermediates in anaerobic-aerobic bioreactors

On-line HPLC with diode array detection (DAD) coupled to electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) is presented as an integrated quality control and process integrated optimisation tool for the continuous monitoring of sulphonated azo dyes (SADs) and their intermediates in anaerobic and aerobic bioprocesses. Ion-pair RP-HPLC is found out to be more suitable for simultaneous monitoring of aromatic amines (AAs), sulphonated aromatic amines (SAAs) and sulphonated azo dyes in comparison to RP-HPLC with polar embedded phases. Monitoring of the anaerobic degradation of the diazo Reactive Black 5 displays the dependency of a two stage azo group reduction mechanism on the redox potential of the bioreactor. An autoxidation sensitive intermediate released from the anaerobic reduction is characterised by ESI-MS/MS for the first time. The functionality of the method is demonstrated by the control and evaluation of selective adaptation of bacteria to certain pollutants and the identification of unknown intermediates causing re-gaining colour released from azo dye treatment.     

Synthesis of 6-chloro and 6-fluoro-4-hydroxyl-2-quinolone and their azo disperse dyes

<正>In this study,6-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-quinolone and 6-flouro-4-hydroxy-2-quinolone were synthesized from corresponding dianilides.These compounds were coupled with some diazotized aromatic amines to give the corresponding azo disperse dyes.The structures of the quinolone derivatives and new azo dyes were confirmed by UV-vis,FT-IR,~1H NMR and elemental analysis.     

Determination of aromatic amines formed from azo colorants in toy products

A study for the determination of the aromatic amines formed after reduction of the azo colorants mostly used in toys was conducted. Sodium dithionite was used in the reductive cleavage of the azo group for the dyes, and the released amines were subsequently analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. The influence of different variables related to the reduction process was investigated by the use of a full-level factorial design, where most significant parameters as well as order interactions were studied. Reduction profiles for each colorant were obtained by studying the changes in the amount of amine obtained with different dithionite/colorant ratios. The expected aromatic amines forming azo colorants were detected, and in the presence of a nitro group a further reduction was observed. The yield of the total reduction process was determined by using standard addition of different quantities of amines to the colorants.     

高效液相色谱法测定染色皮革中的致癌芳香胺

参照德国皮革偶氮染料中间体检测方法,用高效液相色谱法对皮革中禁用偶氮染料中间体－１８种芳香胺的定性、定量分析进行了研究。结果表明,在一定色谱条件下,除２,４－二氨基苯甲醚和２,４－二氨基甲苯回收率较低外,其它化合物的加收率均达到“ＤＩＮ５３３１６”方法的要求。