阴离子交换聚合物整体柱的制备及其在离子色谱中的应用

以偶氮二异丁腈( AIBN)为自由基引发剂,将甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)单体和亚乙基二甲基丙烯酸酯(EDMA)交联剂通过原位聚合的方法,在不锈钢管柱(150 mm ×4.6 i.d.mm)中合成为具有一定机械性能和一定孔径结构的聚合物整体色谱柱;利用三甲胺动态修饰反应将整体柱改性为具有阴离子交换功能的整体型离子色谱分离柱.实验优化了制备条件和改性修饰条件,考察了相关离子交换容量、流体动力学参数和色谱性能等.采用直接紫外检测的方法,在205 nm检测波长下,常规阴离子乙酸根、溴酸根、亚硝酸根、溴离子、硝酸根均能得到较好的分离检测.结果表明,该阴离子交换整体色谱柱制备方法简便,成本较低,可以方便地与常规色谱系统进行联用,具有一定分析实用价值和较大的开发前景.     

原位聚合法制备碳十八甲基丙烯酸酯聚合物及其用作开管毛细管电色谱固定相

以十八碳醇甲基丙烯酸酯为单体、乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂,采用原位聚合法合成了一种新型毛细管开管柱固定相,优化了毛细管开管柱的制备参数。柱内表面的电镜图像显示其具有多孔皱褶、质地均匀的结构特征。将其应用于甲苯、乙苯、丙苯、丁苯、戊苯和己苯的分离试验中,6种化合物达到了完全分离,出峰顺序与它们的疏水性一致,表明该柱有明显的疏水色谱作用。在10 mmol/L磷酸盐(pH 8.5,含50%(v/v)乙腈)流动相、16 kV电压下,该开管柱成功地分离了4种抗癫痫类药物,柱效范围为35300~49800 塔板/m,与空柱管相比分离效果明显提高。结果表明通过本实验的原位聚合法可制备具有反相色谱作用的有机基质碳十八开管毛细管电色谱柱。     

纤维素键合型手性整体柱的制备及其在快速手性分离中的应用

采用N-丙烯酰琥珀酰亚胺(NAS)为基质单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EDMA)为交联剂,原位聚合制备聚(NAS-co-EDMA)毛细管整体柱,并通过化学键合法将自合成的纤维素-三(4-甲基苯甲酸酯)(CTMB)共价键合到整体柱上,制备用于快速手性分离的纤维素键合型手性整体柱.优化了整体柱制备和衍生化条件;通过对固定相红...     

高分子覆盖型硅胶填料的制备与色谱保留行为

 采用甲基丙烯酸甲酯 (MMA)或MMA 亚乙基二甲基丙烯酸酯 (EDMA)在硅胶表面聚合的方法 ,制备生成了新型高分子覆盖型硅胶填料C或D。借助红外光谱、元素分析、尺寸排阻色谱和反相液相色谱分析对反应过程、覆盖程度、交联剂的影响和填料的色谱保留行为进行了评价和讨论。结果显示 ,在合成时可以通过控制聚合单体的量控制生成高分子层的厚度 ,而合成中加入交联剂可以改变填料表面的微孔构造。通过考察这种色谱填料的疏水性和对芳香族化合物的分离性能 ,认为其柱效和分离效果接近C18填料的性能。     

一种毛细管电色谱整体柱的制备及其在CEC-MS中的应用

本研究以烯丙基咪唑鎓β-环糊精(AI-β-CD)为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EDMA)为交联剂,采用原位聚合法制备了一种毛细管电色谱整体柱。优化制柱条件,通过红外光谱和扫描电镜对整体柱固定相的结构和形貌进行表征。以D,L-酪氨酸为分析物对整体柱性能进行评价。结果表明,所制备固定相成功键合到毛细管内,并形成错综复杂的网状结构。同时该整体柱具有较强的对映体分离能力及稳定性。应用毛细管电色谱与质谱联用技术对手性除草剂甲氧咪草烟对映体进行分离,分离度为2.25。     

莱克多巴胺-印迹聚合物微球的制备及其色谱表征

以莱克多巴胺为模板分子,甲基丙烯酸为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂,乙醇为致孔剂采用沉淀聚合法合成了对莱克多巴胺具有高特异识别性的分子印迹聚合物,平衡吸附量达145.6μg/g微球。将制备的印迹聚合物微球装填高效液相色谱柱(50 mm×4.6 mm i.d.)。印迹柱的印迹因子(IF)为1.2,印迹柱和非印迹柱的保留因子(k)分别为33.3和15.1,表明合成聚合物印迹效果明显。分别用10μg/mL克伦特罗、沙丁胺醇和莱克多巴胺3种β-兴奋剂溶液考察自制高效液相色谱柱的分离效果,克伦特罗和沙丁胺醇的选择性系数(α)分别为2.3和1.2,表明所制备的分子印迹柱对以上3种β-兴奋剂显示了良好的选择性。     

新型连续棒状疏水色谱柱的制备及其色谱性能研究

采用连续棒柱制备技术,制备了一种甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯-甲基丙烯酸丁酯-已二酸二甲基丙烯酸酯三元共聚物连续棒疏水色谱柱。考察了聚合条件对聚合物孔结构及介质疏水性的影响。应用该色谱柱对标准蛋白混合样及基因工程药物γ-INF和胰岛素的前驱体Pro-insulin提取液进行了分离纯,效果良好。     

新型聚合物多孔涂层毛细管开管柱的制备及电色谱研究

以甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)和乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EDMA)为前驱体制备了新型聚合物多孔涂层毛细管开管(PLOT)柱固定相。通过优化聚合反应时间、致孔剂比例及交联剂比例获得了色谱性能良好的PLOT柱,扫描电镜结果显示毛细管柱内的多孔涂层厚度适中且均匀。在毛细管电色谱模式下,PLOT柱以反相色谱分离机理有效分离了中性、酸性和碱性小分子。人血清白蛋白(HSA)共价结合的蛋白亲和PLOT柱对5对手性对映体实现了较好的分离,且其分离度远高于HSA修饰的单层聚合物毛细管开管柱。PLOT柱分离烷基苯的日内、日间和柱间的相对标准偏差分别小于1.7%、4.8%和7.8%。     

β-环糊精衍生物手性固定相的制备及其在毛细管电色谱-质谱中的应用

通过对β-环糊精进行化学修饰,得到含乙烯基的β-环糊精(UPA-β-CD),并以UPA-β-CD为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EDMA)为交联剂,运用原位聚合法制备了新型毛细管电色谱整体柱。优化制柱条件,对整体柱固定相进行红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜表征。结果表明,所制备的固定相成功键合到毛细管内,并形成复杂的孔隙结构。在毛细管电色谱-质谱(CEC-MS)模式下对盐酸奥昔布宁和盐酸苄丝肼两种手性药物对映体进行拆分。优化分离条件下,两种手性药物均达到基线分离,其分离度RS分别为1.76和2.12。     

弱阴离子交换整体柱对白介素-18的分离

制备了弱阴离子交换整体柱,并建立了白介素-18在该柱上分离纯化的方法。以色谱柱管为模具,通过原位聚合法制备了一种以甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)为单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EDMA)为交联剂的整体色谱柱,并用二乙胺将其修饰为弱阴离子交换柱。考察了交联剂及致孔剂用量对色谱柱压力的影响,发现:随着交联剂用量的减小,致孔剂用量的增大,柱压下降;当交联剂和致孔剂用量达到一定水平后,柱压变化不再明显,但柱体机械强度降低。用该柱对白介素-18进行了分离,同时考察了不同固定相、缓冲液体系、pH值、盐的类型以及有机添加剂对白介素-18分离效果的影响。方法简单、灵敏、快速,重现性好。     

以局部结构类似物为类模板的分子印迹整体柱在线检测三甲氧苄啶

以三聚氰胺(MAM)为类模板分子,甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为功能单体,二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯(EDMA)为交联剂,聚己二醇(PEG400)为致孔剂,原位聚合法制备了对三甲氧苄啶(TMP)有较强选择性吸附作用的分子印迹(MIP)整体柱.以该MIP整体柱为高效液相色谱柱,考察了其在不同色谱流动相组成条件下对TMP的识别性能.结果显示,MIP整体柱在甲醇、乙腈、水等条件下能够吸附TMP而不出峰.可以利用MIP整体.柱在甲醇-水( 80:20,V/V)中在线选择性吸附(或富集)TMP,然后将流动相转换为甲醇进一步除去疏水性杂质,最后用强洗脱剂洗脱TMP出峰.MIP整体柱线检测人血清中TMP的工作曲线为A=42.8c 3.03(r=0.9994);线性范围为8.3～93.8 mg/L;检出限为0.14 mg/L.     

Determination of telmisartan in rat tissues by in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled to high performance liquid chromatography

A poly(methacrylic acid-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, MAA-EGDMA) monolithic capillary was used for the direct and on-line extraction of telmisartan from Sprague-Dawley rat tissue (heart, kidney, and liver) homogenates. Under optimized conditions, the tissue homogenates were simply diluted with a mixture of phosphate buffer (pH 2)/ACN (90:8 v/v), and then injected for extraction only after centrifugation and filtration. Coupled to HPLC with fluorescence detection, the method was linear over the range of 1.25-1500 ng/g for telmisartan in heart and kidney, 12.5-15 000 ng/g in liver with correlation coefficients over 0.9992. The detection limits were found to be in the range from 0.24 to 1.8 ng/g. RSDs for intra- and inter-day ranged from 1.2 to 8.1%. The determination of telmisartan in treated rat tissues was achieved by using the proposed method.     

咖啡因分子印迹固相萃取柱的制备及应用

以咖啡因作为模板分子,α-甲基丙烯酸为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂,制备了咖啡因分子印迹聚合物(MIP)。与非印迹聚合物(NIP)相比,MIP对咖啡因具有更高的吸附容量和选择性,MIP和NIP对咖啡因的最大静态吸附量分别为28.1和16.5mg/g,相对选择因子为1.25。以咖啡因分子印迹聚合物为固相萃取填料,结合高效液相色谱(HPLC),建立了茶水中咖啡因浓度及人饮茶后血清中咖啡因浓度的检测方法。考察了洗脱剂种类和用量对咖啡因回收率的影响。当萃取柱依次以2mL水活化,水溶液上样,2mL水淋洗,6mL甲醇-乙酸(9∶1,V/V)洗脱,咖啡因在MIP固相萃取柱上的回收率达到97.5%,而在NIP柱上的回收率仅为54.9%。     

一缩二乙醇二甲基丙烯酸酯对真丝接枝的反应性

研究了一缩二乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯在空气存在下，用过硫酸钾(KPS)在水液 中对真丝的接枝。对接枝的条件，如单体、引发剂、甲酸(FA)和乳化剂OP的浓度以 及温度和时间对接枝率的影响进行了测试。发现了较佳的接枝条件是：温度 = 80 ℃，时间 = 30 min，[KPS] = 1.85% (owm)，[OP] = 1% (owf)，[FA] = 0.2%。 接枝率的大小可以用单体浓度来调节，接枝活化能是86.94 kJ/mol。     

Stationary phase-based two-dimensional chromatography combining both covalent and noncovalent interactions on a single HPLC column

A new type of 2-D separation material was synthesized and studied. The material is suitable for 2-D chromatography utilizing both covalent and noncovalent interactions. The first dimension is boronate affinity chromatography, and the second dimension is RP chromatography (or vice versa). The polymeric media were prepared using p-vinylphenylboronic acid as the functional monomer. This monomer was selected due to the presence of the boronic acid group for the cis-diol/boronate interaction in boronate chromatography. Two crosslinkers were evaluated, namely ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and divinylbenzene. The crosslinker content was varied to maximize the polymer strength and the RP performance of the packed column. Several parameters were evaluated to define the optimum for polymer strength and column performance including crosslinker, porogen, initiator, and column-packing parameters. The polymer-based HPLC columns were successful in separating phenol, catechol, dimethylphthalate, and hydroquinone under RP conditions, and thus can be used as an RP HPLC column. The columns were also successful in separating catechol and adenosine under boronate chromatography conditions, and thus can be used as a boronate affinity column. Moreover, the two types of chromatography can be performed consecutively on the same column during one complete chromatographic run, making it a 2-D chromatography. Under these 2-D conditions, the catechol was separated from a mixture of phenol, catechol, dimethylphthalate, and hydroquinone; the adenosine ribonucleoside was separated from a mixture of adenosine ribonucleoside, adenosine deoxyribonucleoside, and uridine deoxyribonucleoside. This type of single-column 2-D HPLC eliminates the requirement of a complex and expensive multidimensional HPLC instrument and provides increased peak capacity for separation.     

The effect of the nature of the stationary phase on the gas chromatographic retention of sorbates in monolithic columns

Retention factors were measured on silica gel, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and divinylbenzene monolithic columns for five groups of sorbates with different polarities. The retention factors of sorbates did not correlate directly with the polarity of the stationary phase probably because of differences in inner surface areas of sorbates accessible to sorbates. For the ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and divinylbenzene monoliths, the “methylene” selectivity was approximately the same and appreciably higher than for the silica gel monolith when helium was used as a carrier gas and approximately the same for monoliths of all types when the carrier gas was CO₂. Original Russian Text ? V.E. Shiryaeva, A.A. Korolev, T.P. Popova, A.A. Kurganov, 2009, published in Zhurnal Fizicheskoi Khimii, 2009, Vol. 83, No. 7, pp. 1365–1369.     

Simultaneous determination of components released from dental composite resins in human saliva by liquid chromatography/multiple-stage ion trap mass spectrometry

Dental composite resins are widely used for fixing teeth; however, the monomers used in dental composite resins have been found to be cytotoxic and genotoxic, namely triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA), and bisphenol A glycol dimethacrylate (Bis-GMA). In this study, we incubated dental composite resins with human saliva for demonstrating the released monomers and biodegradation products. A simple saliva sample dilution method without purification or derivatization was used for quantification. We found that liquid chromatography coupled with multiple-stage ion trap mass spectrometry (LC-MS(n) ) operated in selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode was able to separate the three monomers within 10 min. The calibration curves were linear (R2 >0.996) over a wide range for each monomer in saliva: TEGDMA, 5-500 ppb; UDMA, 5-100 ppb, and Bis-GMA, 5-700 ppb. Furthermore, several biodegradation products were discovered with data-dependent MS/MS scan techniques. Although TEGMA degradation products have previously been reported, we identified two previously unknown UDMA degradation products. The LC-MS/MS method developed in this study was able to successfully quantify monomers and their principal biodegradation products from dental composite resins in human saliva.     

沉淀聚合法制备三聚氰胺分子印迹聚合物微球

以三聚氰胺为模板分子,以甲基丙烯酸为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂,在乙腈-乙二醇(20∶1,V/V)混合溶剂中沉淀聚合制备了分子印迹聚合物微球.利用1H-NMR和紫外光谱方法研究了模板与功能单体相互作用情况.结果表明,三聚氰胺与甲基丙烯酸(MAA)分子通过协同氢键作用形成1∶2型氢键配合物.利用扫描电镜和红外光谱对聚合物微球的结构进行了表征.结果表明,印迹聚合物近似圆球形,粒径约为400～500 nm,且大于非印迹聚合物微球,表面存在大量的结合位点.通过静态平衡吸附实验研究了聚合物微球对模板分子的结合能力,印迹聚合物微球在4 h后逐渐达到吸附平衡,Scatchard分析表明,印迹聚合物微球主要存在两类不同的结合位点,最大表观结合量(Qmax)和平衡离解常数(Kd)分别为Qmax1=22.97μmol/g,Kd1=0.14×10-3 mol/L;Qmax2=157.65μmol/g,Kd2=2.55×10-3 mol/L,计算得出表观印迹效率和有效印迹效率分别为68%和58%.此方法合成的印迹聚合物微球对三聚氰胺有较好的结合性能,可应用于三聚氰胺的分离检测.     

利多卡因分子印迹聚合物的制备及其在固相萃取中的应用

以利多卡因(LD)分子印迹聚合物为研究体系,利用分子模拟计算功能单体与模板分子之间的相互作用能,并通过作用实验加以验证,确定衣康酸为最佳单体。以乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)为溶剂,采用本体聚合法合成分子印迹聚合物(MIP);采用高效液相色谱检测。实验发现,聚合物具有较高的印迹指数和选择性;在乙腈加载、5%甲醇-乙腈淋洗、5%HCl-甲醇洗脱条件下,聚合物具有最佳印迹效果。通过渗漏实验考察聚合物键合容量。实验发现,在乙腈溶液中每100mg MIP与空白聚合物(NIP)可分别键合1.62和0.92mg LD分子;采用光度法测定牛血清中利多卡因的含量,其平均回收率达到84.6%。     

Synthesis and characterization of spherical and hemispherical polyepoxide micrometer‐sized particles of narrow size distribution by a single‐step swelling of uniform polystyrene template microspheres with glycidyl methacrylate

Polystyrene template microspheres of narrow size distribution were prepared by dispersion polymerization of styrene in a mixture of ethanol and 2‐methoxy ethanol. Spherical and hemispherical polystyrene/poly(glycidyl methacrylate) microspheres of narrow size distribution were prepared by a single‐step swelling of the polystyrene template microspheres with the swelling solvent monomer glycidyl methacylate, followed by polymerization of the monomer within the swollen template microspheres at 73 °C. Uniform polystyrene/poly(glycidyl methacylate‐ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) polyepoxide composite microspheres were synthesized similarly, substituting glycidyl methacylate for glycidyl methacylate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate. Uniform crosslinked poly(glycidyl methacylate‐ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) polyepoxide microspheres have been prepared by dissolution of the PS template polymer of the former composite microspheres. Particles with different properties, for example size, size distribution, shape, surface morphology, surface area, and so forth, were prepared by changing various parameters belonging to the swelling and/or polymerization steps, for example, volume of the swelling monomer/s and/or the swelling solvent dibutyl phthalate. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 4612–4622, 2007