延胡索素乙有关化合物的合成 Ⅰ.四氢非洲防己碱去甲基化合物的酯化和烷基化及小蘖碱去亚甲基化合物的烷基化和氢化

用三氯化铝、氢溴酸和氢碘酸三种方法将四氢非洲防己碱上的四个甲基去除,得到2,3,9,10-四羟基-5,6,13,13a-四氢-8-二苯骈[a,g]喹诺里嗪氢卤酸盐.后者在吡啶存在下与丙酰氯、丁酰氯、苯甲酰氯、对硝基苯甲酰氯、肉桂酰氯和3,4,5-三甲氧基苯甲酰氯作用,得到相应的酯;与重氮丁烷作用得到2,3,9,10-四丁氧基-5,6,13,13a-四氢-8-二苯骈[a,g]喹诺里嗪氢溴酸盐.小蘖碱盐酸盐与三氯化铝作用时只有亚甲基断裂,然后与硫酸二乙酯作用,得到2,3-二乙氧基-9,10-二甲氧基-8-二苯骈[a,g]喹诺里嗪重硫酸盐.此物用接触氢化法还原时得二氢化合物,用锌和硫酸还原时得四氢化合物.     

从(-)-莽草酸出发合成(3R,5R)-3,4,5-三苯甲酰氧基环己酮

报道了一种合成手性中间体(3R,5R)-3,4,5-三羟基环己酮的新方法。首次以(-)-莽草酸为起始原料,经苯甲酰化、双键氢化、选择性还原甲酯、羟基碘代、碘代烃消除、双键双羟化、片哪醇断裂等步骤,以44.9%的总收率合成了(3R,5R)-3,4,5-三苯甲酰氧基环己酮,所有化合物的结构经¹H NMR、 ¹³C NMR、 IR及MS等确证。      

5-羟基嘧啶——Ⅰ.2-取代-4,5,6-三羟基嘧啶的合成

本文提出一合成5-羟基嘧啶的一般方法,即使用α-甲氧基-β-二羰基化合物、羰基酯或有关的化合物来与脒的衍生物缩合,得到的5-苯甲氧基嘧啶在氢解后生成相应的5-羟基嘧啶。并报告以苯甲氧基丙二酸二乙酯(ⅩⅣ)合成几种2-取代-4,5,6-三羟基嘧啶所得的结果。1.对于制备苯甲氧基乙酸乙酯(Ⅻ)的方法作了仔细的探索,提出了以苯甲氧基乙腈(Ⅺ)醇解为苯甲氧基乙酸乙酯的有效方法。2.以苯甲氧基乙酸乙酯与草酸二乙酯进行 Claisen 结合,再行裂解得到苯甲氧基丙二酸二乙酯(ⅩⅣ)。3.将ⅩⅣ与脒衍生物缩合得到以下2-取代-4,6-二羟基-5-苯甲氧基嘧啶:(ⅩⅤ,R=OH),(ⅩⅥ,R=NH_2),(ⅩⅦ,R=CH_3),(ⅩⅧ,R=SH)和(ⅩⅨ,R=SC_2H_5)。以ⅩⅧ进行去硫反应(Raney 镍)得到(ⅩⅩ,R=H);出乎意外的是在去硫反应过程中,苯甲基未受影响。这些5-苯甲氧基嘧啶都是稳定的化合物,祇有5-苯甲氧基巴比酸(ⅩⅤ)在空气中自行氧化;氧化产物证明是5-苯甲氧基-5-羟基巴比酸(ⅩⅩⅥ)。4.催化氢解苯甲氧基得到相应的2-取代-4,5,6-三羟基嘧啶:(Ⅲ,R=OH),(ⅩⅪ,R=NH_2),(ⅩⅫ,R=CH_3)和(ⅩⅩⅢ,R=H)。5.这些嘧啶与三氯化铁氨溶液,氢氧化钡和磷钼酸所发生的颜色反应显示了5-位羟基的芳香性,同时由于它们所共有的烯二醇结构,它们都有使2,6-dichlorophenolindo-phenol 脱色的作用。     

具有Frétchet树枝结构的新型酞菁锌(Ⅱ)配合物:四-{3,5-二-[3,5-二-(4-羧基苯甲氧基)苯甲氧基]-苯甲氧基}酞菁锌(Ⅱ)的合成与表征

报道了一种新型Frétchet树枝配体取代酞菁锌(II)配合物:四-{3,5-二-[3,5-二-(4-羧基苯甲氧基)苯甲氧基]-苯甲氧基}酞菁锌(II)的合成与表征.首先将对氰基苄溴与3,5-二羟基苯甲醇通过Frétchet反应合成3,5-[二-(4-氰基苯甲氧基)]苯甲醇(1),1与四溴化碳和三苯基膦在四氢呋喃中反应合成3,5-二-(4-氰基苯甲氧基)苄溴(2),2与3,5-二羟基苯甲醇反应合成3,5-二-[3,5-二-(4-氰基苯甲氧基)苯甲氧基]苯甲醇(3),接着,3与4-硝基邻苯二甲腈合成"前驱物"四-{3,5-[二-(4-氰基苯甲氧基)]}苯甲氧基邻苯二甲腈(4),然后以1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯(DBU)为催化剂,醋酸锌为模板剂,4通过缩聚反应合成氰基端基的Frétchet树枝配体取代酞菁锌四-{3,5-二-[3,5-二-(4-氰基苯甲氧基)苯甲氧基]-苯甲氧基}锌酞菁配合物5,最后,5的氰基端基在NaOH溶液中水解为相应的以羧基端基Frétchet树枝配体取代酞菁锌:四-{3,5-二-[3,5-二-(4-羧基苯甲氧基)苯甲氧基]-苯甲氧基}酞菁锌(II)(6).采用元素分析,IR,1H NMR,ESI-MS和MALDI-TOF-MS表征所有化合物的结构,通过UV/Vis,稳态和瞬态荧光光谱法研究了5和6的光物理性质.5和6是一类性能较好的树枝状酞菁光敏剂.     

α-(取代苯氧基苯甲酰氧基)烃基膦酸酯的合成方法

采用两种合成路线来合成 O,O-二乙基 -α- (2 -氯 - 4-三氟甲基苯氧基苯甲酰氧基 )丙基膦酸酯 ,并对其结果进行了比较分析 ,以此来探讨 α- (取代苯氧基苯甲酰氧基 )烃基膦酸酯的合成方法     

a-（取代苯氧基苯甲酰氧基）烃基膦酸酯的合成方法

采用两种合成路线来合成O，O-二乙基-a-(2-氯-4-三氟甲基苯氧基苯甲酰氧基)丙基膦酸酯，并对其结果进行了比较分析，以此来探讨a-(取代苯氧基苯甲酰氧基)烃基膦酸酯的合成方法。     

单臂脂环18-冠-6液晶的合成

本文合成了两种单臂脂环18-冠-6-液晶, 羟甲基 18-冠-6分别和4-(4'-正丁氧基苯甲酰氧基)苯甲酰氯或氯甲酸胆甾醇酯反应得到两种目标物,用DSC和偏光显微镜测定其相变温度,前者相变温度是T~K~N4.0℃和T~N~I33.5℃, 后者相变温度T~K~S-22.4℃, T~S~N6.8℃, T~N~I40.4℃, 用等克分子的硬脂酸和该冠醚液晶制成LB膜, 观察到Y型LB膜的特征.     

康布瑞汀磷酸酯二钠盐合成工艺的优化

对康布瑞汀磷酸酯二钠盐的合成工艺进行优化.确定了以3,4,5-三甲氧基苯甲醛为原料,经还原、溴代、成鏻盐合成中间体3,4,5-三甲氧基苄溴三苯基鏻盐;鏻盐与3-三苯甲氧基-4-甲氧基苯甲醛经Wittig反应、脱三苯甲基保护基、与亚磷酸二苄酯成酯、脱苄基成钠盐得到康布瑞汀磷酸酯二钠盐的方法.所得康布瑞汀磷酸酯二钠盐(1),HPLC纯度达99.5%.总收率为43.0%.经优化后的工艺原料价廉易得,操作简便,成本低廉,适合于工业化生产.     

新型树枝状分子3,5-二[3,5-二(4-羧基苯甲氧基)苯甲氧基]苯甲醇的合成

采用收敛法,以对氰基苄溴和3,5-二羟基苯甲醇为原料,依次合成了端基为腈基的芳醚树枝状分子3,5-二(4-腈基苯甲氧基)苯甲醇(4)和3,5-二[3,5-二(4-腈基苯甲氧基)苯甲氧基]苯甲醇(6);4与6分别经水解制得以羧基为端基的新型芳基苄醚树枝状分子3,5-二(4-羧基苯甲氧基)苯甲醇和3,5-二[3,5-二(4-羧基苯甲氧基)苯甲氧基]苯甲醇,其结构经UV-Vis,1H NMR,IR,MS和元素分析表征.     

两种取代黄酮的合成研究

分别以间苯二酚和间苯三酚为原料,首先通过傅克酰基化合成羟基取代苯乙酮,再对羟基进行苄基和甲基保护,然后和3,4,5-三甲氧基苯甲酰氯在酸性条件下经Baker-Venkatarama分子内重排闭环形成目标化合物.中间体和目标化合物通过氢核磁共振和质谱进行确证     

催化链转移聚合制备接枝型两亲共聚物及其溶液性质研究

采用大分子单体法制备接枝型两亲共聚物, 通过表面张力仪、偏光显微镜、旋转流变仪和小角X射线衍射研究了两亲共聚物在水溶液中的聚集行为及其相结构. 首先末端带有可聚合双键的聚甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯大分子单体(PtBMA Macromonomer)通过催化链转移聚合法制备, 所用到的催化链转移剂为二水合双(二氟化硼苯二酮肟)合钴(II) (COPhBF). 然后将所得到的大分子单体与丙烯酸正丁酯(BA)进行自由基共聚得到接枝共聚物PBA-g-PtBMA, PBA-g-PtBMA中PtBMA的侧链部分在酸性条件下定量水解成聚甲基丙烯酸(PMAA)并用NaOH中和得到主链疏水侧链亲水的接枝型两亲共聚物PBA-g-P(MAA^－Na^＋). 用Wilhelmy吊片法研究了不同浓度的两亲共聚物水溶液的表面张力, 发现其行为与小分子表面活性剂不同. 同时用动态光散射法测量了两亲共聚物水溶液中聚集体的粒度, 发现在研究的浓度范围内(0.02～10 g/L)聚集体都存在两个粒度分布峰(约30和300 nm). 浓溶液(w＝37.5%)的偏光显微照片呈现层状液晶的特征图案, 而流变研究表明此时体系具有明显的粘弹性, 说明体系形成了层状液晶. 并且用小角度X射线衍射测定了层状液晶的层间距, 约为12.6 nm.     

Synthesis and emulsion copolymerization of amphiphilic poly(2-oxazoline) macromonomer possessing a vinyl ester group

The present article describes the synthesis and emulsion copolymerization of a block-type amphiphilic poly(2-oxazoline) macromonomer possessing a polymerizable vinyl ester group. The macromonomer was synthesized by one-pot two-stage block copolymerization of 2-oxazolines using vinyl iodoacetate as initiator. 2-Methyl- and 2-n-butyl-2-oxazolines were employed for the construction of hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments, respectively. The surface activities evaluated by the surface tension of the macromonomer in water were fairly good. Emulsion copolymerization of vinyl acetate with the macromonomer was carried out. The macromonomer acted as a polymeric surfactant, as well as a comonomer. The resulting copolymer latex particles were spherical and their diameter was in the sub-micron range. The effects of the composition of the macromonomer on the emulsion copolymerization and the resulting latex particles were examined. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

一种两亲性嵌段共聚物胶束的制备及其对叶酸的负载和控制释放

采用可逆加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)聚合合成了以丙烯酸异丁酯(IBA)、甲基丙烯酸2-二甲氨乙酯(DMAEMA)无规共聚嵌段与聚丙烯酸-2-羟丙酯(PHPA)组成的两亲性两嵌段共聚物(P( IBA-co-DMAEMA)-b-PHPA),并用凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、核磁共振波谱(1H-NMR)及红外光谱(FTIR)对其进...     

Synthesis of amphiphilic block copolymer from optically active N-benzylprolinol acrylate

A vinyl monomer N-benzylprolinol acrylate has been synthesized from the available amino acid enantiomer L-proline via four stages. An optically active amphiphilic block copolymer capable of phase microsegregation in aqueous solutions has been synthesized through controlled free-radial polymerization of this monomer using poly(ethylene oxide) containing terminal 2-bromoisobutyrate groups as a macroinitiator.     

Viscoelastic behaviour of butyl acrylate/styrene/2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate/acrylic acid latices thickened with associative thickeners

The rheological behaviour of butyl acrylate/styrene/acrylic acid latices thickened with a hydrophobically modified ethoxylated polyurethane (HEUR) or hydrophobically modified alkali-soluble polyacrylate emulsion (HASE) was investigated. While the pseudoplastic character of frequency dependence of complex viscosity was similar for both thickeners, viscoelastic behaviour, expressed as the ratio of loss and storage moduli, significantly differed, indicating that the HEUR molecules, unlike swollen HASE particles, create a viscoelastic space structure. The increase in hydrophilicity of the particle surface, achieved by incorporation of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) monomer into the latex copolymer reduced the viscoelasticity of latices thickened with HEUR, but not of those thickened with HASE. This confirms that adsorption of hydrophobic end-groups on particle surface is important for thickening of latices with HEUR and that a physical network of latex particles interconnected by the thickener macromolecules is formed. To cite this article: O. Quadrat et al., C. R. Chimie 6 (2003).     

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AMPHIPHILIC GRAFT COPOLYMER CONTAINING MICROPHASE SEPARATED AND LONG POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE) SIDE CHAIN STRUCTURES**

Acryloyl terminated Poly (ethyleneoxide)macromonomers (PEO-A) with different PEO chain lengths have been prepared by deactivation of PEO alkoxide with acryloyl chloride. A new kind of amphiphilic polystyrene-g-poly (ethylene oxide)graft copolymer containing both microphase separated and PEO side chain structures has been synthesized from radical copolymerization of PEO-A macromonomer with styrene. After careful purification by a newly-developed method called "selective dissolution', the well-defined structure of the purified copolymers was confirmed by IR, ~1H-NMR and GPC. Various experimental parameters controlling the copolymerization were studied in detail. The results indicated that the feed ratio of styrene to macromonomer(S/M) was the most important determining factor for the composition of the copolymers. A detailed "comb- model" was proposed to describe the molecular structure of the graft copolymers. Finally, this amphiphilic graft copolymers may readily form microphase separated structures as clearly indicated by transmission electron microscopy.     

荧光淬灭法研究疏水缔合共聚物(PAM-b-PPOEA)_n自组装聚集数

运用荧光淬灭技术,包括稳态荧光淬灭法(SSFQ)和时间分辨荧光淬灭法(TRFQ),研究了疏水缔合水溶性丙烯酰胺2苯氧基丙烯酸酯多嵌段共聚物[P(AM POEA)]在水溶液中自组装的聚集数.这类聚合物在水溶液中易形成胶束状聚集体,探针芘分子和淬灭剂二苯酮增溶于疏水微区,荧光测定结果很好地符合Poisson淬灭模型.实验结果表明聚合物链结构、聚合物浓度和无机盐对聚集体的尺寸具有重要影响.聚合物自组装聚集数NA随疏水单体含量的增加和疏水嵌段长度的减小而增大,同时也随聚合物浓度和NaCl浓度增加而增大.另外对聚合物链结构、聚集数和溶液粘度的相互关系进行了讨论.     

Synthesis of sterically stabilized polystyrene latex particles using cationic block copolymers and macromonomers and their application as stimulus-responsive particulate emulsifiers for oil-in-water emulsions

2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMA) was block copolymerized with methyl methacrylate (MMA) using group transfer polymerization to give four AB diblock, ABA triblock, and BAB triblock copolymers of low polydispersity (Mw/Mn < 1.20). In addition, a near-monodisperse styrene-functionalized DMA-based macromonomer was synthesized via oxyanionic polymerization using a potassium 4-vinylbenzyl alcoholate initiator. These five well-defined, tertiary amine methacrylate-based copolymers were evaluated as steric stabilizers for the synthesis of polystyrene latexes via emulsion and dispersion polymerization. The most efficient steric stabilizers proved to be the DMA-MMA diblock copolymer and the DMA-based macromonomer. The polystyrene latexes were characterized in terms of their particle size and morphology, stabilizer content, surface charge, and surface activity using dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, 1H NMR spectroscopy, aqueous electrophoresis measurements, and surface tensiometry, respectively. The pH-dependent surface activity exhibited by selected latexes suggests potential applications as stimulus-responsive particulate emulsifiers for oil-in-water emulsions.     

聚丙烯酸接枝辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚的合成、表征和胶束化

通过自由基聚合, 丙烯酸(AA)与辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚丙烯酸酯活性大单体(C8PhEO10Ac)共聚,合成了以聚丙烯酸为主链、C8PhEO10Ac 为支链的水溶性两亲接枝共聚物(PAA-g-C8PhEO10Ac), 用凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)测定其相对数均分子质量为4.37×10⁴, 用FTIR和1H-NMR表征了共聚物的结构和组成, 共聚物分子中丙烯酸单体与活性大单体的摩尔比为9:1, 每个共聚物分子中平均约有32个C8PhEO10侧链. 用表面张力法、荧光探针法和透射电子显微镜对共聚物在水溶液中的自组装行为进行了初步研究, 结果表明, 共聚物分子在第一临界胶束浓度cmc1)和第二临界胶束浓度(cmc2)时都形成了球型胶束. 与cmc1时相比, cmc2时溶液表面张力进一步降低, 胶束内部极性进一步减小, 而且胶束粒径增大、结构紧密. 氯化钠的加入可使共聚物溶液的表面张力和胶束内部极性降低.     

Synthesis and Dispersion Property of Poly(Butyl Acrylate-B-Acryl Amide) by Alkaline Reversed Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization in Emulsion: A Novel Amphiphilic Binder

The hydrophilic property of acrylate copolymer is very important for the dispersion and adhesion ability in many fields such as pigment printing and dyeing of textiles. Poly(butyl acrylate-b-acryl amide) was synthesized by successive reversal atom transfer radical polymerization of butyl acrylate and acryl amide in emulsion. The structure of the copolymer was characterized by infrared spectrum and nuclear magnetic resonance. By adding alkaline salt, the molecular weight and its distribution of the block copolymer were controlled. The dispersion ability of acrylic copolymer was improved by acryl amide segment; thus, preparation of a novel amphiphilic binder is expected to be helpful to solve the problems of the current binders.