室温固相反应助力制备氮硫共掺杂碳限域的FeCoS2复合物用于高性能钠离子电池负极

利用室温固相自组装反应制备Co (Ⅱ)和Fe (Ⅱ)双席夫碱配合物,随后在硫粉存在下中温热处理,使该配合物同时发生热解碳化和固相硫化反应,从而获得N、S共掺杂碳限域的FeCoS₂纳米复合物(记为FeCoS₂⊂NSC)。通过粉末X射线衍射、透射电镜、X射线光电子能谱和热重分析技术分别对纳米复合物的物相、形貌结构、组分和含量等进行物理表征,并通过循环伏安、恒电流充放电技术测试其电化学储钠性能。研究结果表明,最优化条件下制备的复合物(FeCoS₂⊂NSC-7001)中FeCoS₂粒子的平均尺寸约为3.4 nm,且被均匀限域在N、S共掺杂的碳基体中;该复合物作为钠离子电池负极时,在0.1 A·g^-1的电流密度下经过300次充放电循环,其可逆充电比容量仍高达310.4 mAh·g^-1;即使在5 A·g^-1的大电流密度下,其充电比容量也高达146.0 mAh·g^-1,呈现优异的电化学储钠性能。     

锂离子电池Si@void@C复合材料的制备及其电化学性能

以纳米Si颗粒为核心,正硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)为SiO_2源,采用Stober法在Si表面包覆一层SiO_2,再以多巴胺为碳源,通过碳化处理将SiO_2表面的聚多巴胺层转化成碳层。最后,用HF刻蚀SiO_2并留下空隙,得到Si@void@C复合纳米颗粒。利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜和恒流充放电测试对材料的物相、微观形貌和电化学性能进行表征。结果表明,在0.1 A·g~(-1)电流密度下,Si@void@C负极材料充放电循环100次后充电比容量仍然有1 319.5 mAh·g~(-1),容量保持率为78.4%,表现出优异的电化学性能。     

富锂层状正极材料Li_2Mn_(1-x)Ti_xO_3的合成及电化学性能

应用简单的高温固相烧结法合成了Ti掺杂改性的Li_2MnO_3材料。电子扫描显微镜、X射线衍射以及X射线光电子能谱分析表明Ti元素取代Mn离子掺入到Li_2MnO_3晶格中,且掺杂能有效地抑制一次颗粒的团聚。电化学阻抗和恒流充放电测试结果表明,在2.0~4.6 V的电压窗口下,掺杂改性的样品Li_2Mn_(0.97)Ti_(0.03)O_3的首圈放电比容量达到209 m Ah·g~(-1),库仑效率为99.5%,循环40圈后容量保持率为94%;当电流密度增大到400 m A·g~(-1)时,掺杂改性的样品仍然可以放出120 m Ah·g~(-1)比容量,远高于同等电流密度下未掺杂的Li_2MnO_3原粉的比容量(52 m Ah·g~(-1))。Ti掺杂可有效地改善Li_2MnO_3的循环稳定性和倍率性能,有利于促进该材料的商业化应用。     

废弃生物质水葫芦多孔碳用于锂离子和钠离子电池负极的研究

水葫芦作为一种廉价的生物质资源,对其进行物理、化学处理后得到疏松多孔的碳材料。将该碳材料用于锂离子电池负极时,在1000 mA g~(-1)的电流密度下循环100次可逆容量保持在283 mAh g~(-1),即使在10 A g~(-1)的电流密度下,可逆容量仍高达125 mAh g~(-1),表现出较好的倍率性能。用作钠离子电池负极时,在100 mA g~(-1)的电流密度下可逆容量达到145 mAh g~(-1),在1000 mA g~(-1)下循环100次可逆容量依然可以保持在123 mAh g~(-1)。该电极材料优异的电化学性能可归因于其疏松多孔的结构,这有利于活性材料与电解液充分接触,同时为锂/钠离子存储提供更多的位点,并且有利于离子的快速传输。     

金属有机框架衍生的高性能锂离子电池负极Co3O4/C复合材料

为克服Co_3O_4负极材料导电率低、循环稳定性差的缺点,选择Co_2(NDC)_2DMF_2(NDC=1,4-萘二甲酸根)为前驱体采用两步煅烧工艺,制备了具有高碳含量的Co_3O_4/C复合材料。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和拉曼光谱对样品进行了表征。采用热重分析法(TGA)测定了Co_3O_4/C中非晶态碳的含量。作为锂离子电池的负极材料,Co_3O_4/C具有高的可逆比容量、优异的循环性能(在200 m A·g~(-1)的电流密度下,循环200圈后放电比容量稳定保持在1 000 mAh·g~(-1))和良好的倍率性能(在100、200、500、1 000和2 000 mA·g~(-1)的电流密度下,放电比容量为分别1 076.3、976.2、872.9、783.6和670.1 mAh·g~(-1))。材料优异的电化学性能归结为有机配体衍生的高含量非晶态碳的导电和缓冲作用有利于电子的快速传递并有效减缓了金属氧化物充放电过程中的体积膨胀。     

LiFePO_4/C正极材料中铁、磷、碳含量的测定方法研究

1997年Padhi~([1])研究了锂过渡金属磷酸盐系材料的合成和电化学性能,发现这种聚阴离子体橄榄石型LiFePO_4在0.05 mA·cm~(-2)充放电电流密度下,约3.5 V(vs.Li~+/Li)平台电位范围内可以得到100～110 mAh·g~(-1)的比容量,(其理论比容量170 mAh·g~(-1)),己接近当时商品化正极材料LiCoO_2的实际放电比容量,而且充放电曲线非常平坦,这一发现引起国际电化学界不少研究人员的注意~([2,3]).     

中空分级结构Fe3O4@C/rGO复合材料的合成及其储锂性能

以氧化石墨烯(GO)为基底,Fe(NO_3)_3·9H_2O、异丙醇、甘油为原料,通过溶剂热法和后续热处理过程2步合成了Fe_3O_4@C/rGO复合材料,实现了碳包覆的Fe_3O_4纳米粒子自组装形成的分级结构空心球在氧化石墨烯片上的原位生长。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和恒流充放电等手段分析了材料的物理化学性能与储锂性能。结果表明,该复合材料在5.0 A·g~(-1)的电流密度下,仍有437.7 mAh·g~(-1)的可逆容量,在1.0 A·g~(-1)下循环200圈后还有587.3 mAh·g~(-1)的放电比容量。这主要归因于还原态氧化石墨烯(rGO)对碳包覆Fe_3O_4分级空心球整体结构稳定性和导电性的提高。     

酰亚胺基锂电池有机聚合物负极材料的制备及电化学性能研究

设计合成了一系列聚酰亚胺基的共轭骨架材料用于锂电池负极.首先,选用具有不同共轭体系的二酐分子用作共聚物构建单元,随后通过亚胺化反应与三聚氰胺共缩聚.最后,通过进一步热处理提高材料的交联程度和稳定性.将该材料用于锂离子电池负极表现出稳定的电化学性能.聚合物的倍率性能测试结果表明:在150 mA·g~(-1)的电流密度下,循环150次后,放电比容量达到471 mAh·g~(-1)以上,在2 A·g~(-1)的较大电流密度下,放电比容量达122.1 mAh·g~(-1),当电流密度返回至100 mA·g~(-1)时,其放电比容量又上升至532.3 mAh·g~(-1)左右,材料具有较好的倍率性能,聚合物材料在充放电过程中,避免了有机小分子材料在与锂离子结合后,易溶于电解液造成的容量损失.同时,共聚物骨架的共轭结构单元和极性基团,可在保证材料的导电性的同时增加材料结合锂离子的能力,因此表现出了优异的倍率性能.     

ZnCo_2O_4纳米颗粒组装的毛线团状的微球用于锂离子电池负极材料（英文）

通过液相共沉淀法获得Zn和Co的前驱,经过600℃煅烧处理获得ZnCo_2O_4纳米颗粒组装的毛线团状的微球。电化学测试表明,在0.5 A·g~(-1)的电流密度下循环200次可逆比容量保持为965 m Ah·g~(-1);在0.8 A·g~(-1)的电流密度下循环350次可逆比容量保持为882 m Ah·g~(-1)。倍率性能测试表明在2 A·g~(-1)的电流密度时可逆比容量为736 m Ah·g~(-1)。     

表面活性剂对氧化铝修饰富锂锰基正极材料的影响

采用氧化铝修饰改性富锂锰基正极材料,探讨了表面活性剂在修饰改性中的作用。利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜和电化学性能测试等方法对材料结构和电化学性能进行分析。实验结果表明,十二烷基三甲基溴化铵(DTAB)能使Al_2O_3纳米颗粒均匀包覆在富锂锰基正极材料表面,有效增强了复合材料结构的稳定性。在600 mA·g~(-1)电流密度下,该复合材料的初始放电容量为186mAh·g~(-1)。经过500次循环后,其可逆放电比容量仍高于132 mAh·g~(-1),初始容量保持率高达71%。此外,电压衰退也被有效抑制,复合材料表现出优异的综合电化学性能。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.