高效液相色谱-四极杆/飞行时间高分辨质谱测定化妆品中的西咪替丁及雷尼替丁

建立了化妆品中西咪替丁及雷尼替丁的高效液相色谱-四极杆/飞行时间高分辨质谱检测方法,并对其质谱裂解规律进行研究。待测样品经甲醇超声提取,过滤膜后经Zorbax SB-Aq色谱柱(3.0 mm×100 mm,1.8μm)分离,用乙腈-含0.1%甲酸的水溶液梯度洗脱后,在双喷雾电喷雾离子源正离子模式下检测,数据采集使用一级母离子全扫描和目标二级离子扫描。在不同的化妆品基质中,西咪替丁和雷尼替丁分别在5.65～113 ng/mL和4.95～99.0 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好(r0.999),检出限分别为1.1、0.99 ng/mL,定量下限分别为5.6、5.0 ng/mL;2种待测物在低、中、高3个加标水平下的回收率为86.7%～110%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.90%～6.0%,方法重复性良好(RSD10%)。该方法前处理简单,灵敏度较好,线性、回收率及重复性均满足方法学要求,可用于化妆品中西咪替丁和雷尼替丁的筛查测定。     

高效液相色谱法测定人乳汁中头孢呋辛的含量

建立快速、有效的乳汁前处理方法和高灵敏度的HPLC法,以测定哺乳期乳腺炎患者采用头孢呋辛钠治疗后乳汁中的药物浓度.乳汁经脱脂、沉淀蛋白,采用Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18液相色谱柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm),V(醋酸钠缓冲液(pH 3.7))∶V(乙腈)=7∶1为流动相,流速1.0 mL/min,柱温30 ℃,检测波长254 nm,进行乳药浓度测定.乳汁内源物质不干扰样品测定,头孢呋辛在0.02～10 μg/mL浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,回归方程为Y=16872X-273.38 (r=0.9980).回收率和精密度符合生物样品的测定要求,最低定量限为0.02 μg/mL.该方法简便、快速、专属性强、灵敏度高,可用于头孢呋辛乳药浓度的测定.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定沼液中的林可霉素和大环内酯类抗生素

建立了一种测定沼液中林可霉素(Lincomycin)和6种大环内酯类抗生素(Macrolide Antibiotics)的分析方法。沼液样品经离心后通过C18固相萃取小柱净化,采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)进行测定。实验优化了净化方法和色谱、质谱条件。结果表明,7种目标药物在0.2～200.0 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好(r0.997),方法的检测限为0.1～0.5 ng/mL,定量限为0.2～1.0 ng/mL。当螺旋霉素、替米考星在沼液中的添加水平为1.0、5.0和50.0 ng/mL时,回收率范围为76.6%～94.1%,相对标准偏差在3.5%～12.7%之间;当林可霉素、泰乐菌素、红霉素、交沙霉素和罗红霉素在沼液中的添加水平为0.2、1.0、5.0和50.0 ng/mL时,回收率范围为72.5%～100.1%,相对标准偏差在2.3%～11.1%之间。该方法简单、快速、准确,适用于沼液中林可霉素和6种大环内酯类抗生素药物的检测。     

一次性使用输液器输注盐酸头孢替安过程中可沥滤物的气相色谱-质谱研究

通过模拟临床使用一次性输液器输注盐酸头孢替安,对一次性使用输液器中可沥滤物进行了气相色谱-质谱分析。研究使用了两个不同厂家生产的A、B两种型号的一次性使用输液器,其中A型输液器中检出环己酮、2-乙基己醇,浓度分别达到了5.166μg/mL和0.4716μg/mL;B型输液器中检出环己酮、2-乙基己醇和2-苯基-2-丙醇,浓度分别达到了3.741μg/mL、0.0827μg/mL和0.1939μg/mL。另外,两种型号的一次性使用输液器中均检出少量邻苯二甲酸(2-乙苯已基)酯(DEHP)溶出,其溶出量分别为0.97μg/set和1.05μg/set。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定人血清中皮质酮与皮质醇

建立了同时测定人血清中皮质酮和皮质醇的液相色谱-串联质谱法。血清经正己烷除脂净化、叔丁基甲醚提取后,以乙腈-0.1%甲酸溶液(含0.01 mol/L甲酸铵)为流动相,流速为0.3 mL/min。用Agilent E-clipse Plus-C18色谱柱(150 mm×2.1 mm,3.5μm)分离,正离子模式下进行串联质谱检测。皮质酮和皮质醇浓度在0.5～200 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r2)分别为0.999 7、0.999 4。皮质酮和皮质醇分别在5.0、25.0、75.0 ng/mL和0.5、2.5、10.0 ng/mL 3个加标水平下的平均回收率为86.6%～102.7%,相对标准偏差不大于7.1%,检出限分别为0.1 ng/mL和0.05 ng/mL。该方法操作简便、灵敏度高、重现性好、定性定量准确,适用于同时测定血清中的内皮质酮和皮质醇。     

高效液相色谱法测定大鼠给药盐酸氟西汀后脑渗析液中的5-羟色胺

建立了高效液相色谱柱前衍生化法测定大鼠腹腔注射(i.p.)给药盐酸氟西汀前后脑渗析液中5-羟色胺(5-HT)的浓度变化情况。在大鼠给药盐酸氟西汀前和给药后不同时间点取其脑渗析液,加入衍生化试剂反应后,以乙腈-20 mmol/L醋酸盐缓冲液(pH 5.0)(体积比为45∶55)（含20 mmol/L辛烷磺酸钠）作为流动相,在Hypersil C18色谱柱 (250 mm×2.0 mm,5 μm)上进行分离,荧光检测波长为λex=330 nm,λem=455 nm。5-HT在浓度为0.25～5.0 nmol/L 范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9991);5-HT的最低定量限为0.25 nmol/L。本法准确可靠、简便,适用于生物样品中5-HT的浓度测定。     

非衍生化高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速检测生物体液中草甘膦、草铵膦及代谢物

建立了一种非衍生化高效液相色谱-串联质谱快速检测生物体液中草甘膦、草铵膦及其代谢物等8种极性农药的方法。8种极性农药经Metrosep A Supp 5阴离子色谱柱(150 mm×4.0 mm,5μm)分离,以纯水-200 mmol/L碳酸氢铵溶液(含0.1%氨水)为流动相进行梯度洗脱,负离子多反应监测(MRM)模式进行检测。实验结果表明,8种极性农药在0.5~50 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好(r²>0.99),检出限(S/N≥3)为0.08~0.3 ng/mL,定量下限(S/N≥10)为0.3~1 ng/mL。方法的基质效应为86.5%~106%,目标化合物的回收率为81.5%~114%,日内相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.30%~2.8%,日间RSD为0.50%~5.3%。该方法无需复杂的衍生化过程,简便快速、灵敏度高、稳定性好,适用于生物体液中8种极性农药的检测。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定人血浆中苯海索

建立了灵敏、高通量的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）定量测定人血浆中苯海索的方法,用于盐酸苯海索片生物等效性研究,并确证食物对苯海索体内药代动力学行为的影响。以甲醇为沉淀剂进行蛋白质沉淀,苯海索-d11为内标,采用Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C8色谱柱（50 mm×2.1mm,1.7 μm）,以0.1%（v/v）甲酸水溶液（含5 mmol/L醋酸铵）和乙腈-水（95：5,v/v）为流动相进行梯度洗脱;采用电喷雾电离（ESI）源,在正离子模式下进行多反应监测（MRM）扫描。苯海索在0.1~40 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好。应用该方法测定中国健康受试者空腹及餐后单次口服2 mg盐酸苯海索片后的血药浓度,结果显示最大血药浓度（C_max）、血药浓度-时间曲线下面积（AUC_0-t、AUC_0-∞）的90%置信区间均在80.0%~125.0%范围内,表明两种制剂在空腹和餐后均生物等效。     

高效液相色谱法定量分析奥曲肽

建立奥曲肽的高效液相色谱定量分析方法。色谱柱为Eclipse plus C18柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),流动相为乙腈-0.25%高氯酸水溶液(体积比为30∶70),流量为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为210 nm,柱温为25℃。奥曲肽的质量浓度在4.38~219 μg/mL范围内与色谱峰面积成良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9999,检出限为1.1 ng,定量限为2.19 ng。测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.26%~0.46% (n=5),加标回收率为97.41%~100.26%。该方法简便、快速、准确,适用于奥曲肽原料药与制剂的定量分析。     

LC-MS/MS法测定大鼠血浆中人参皂苷Rb1的含量及其药代动力学研究

采用液相色谱-串联质谱法快速、灵敏地测定大鼠血浆中人参皂苷Rb1(GRb1)的含量,并将该方法应用于大鼠口服GRb1后的代谢动力学研究。血浆样品采用96孔板进行液-液萃取后,应用Agilent SB-C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,3.5μm)进行分离,以甲醇-0.1%甲酸溶液(体积比为75∶25)为流动相进行洗脱,在正离子模式下对GRb1和内标人参皂苷Rg1(GRg1)进行检测,用于定量的离子反应分别为1131.5→365.1(GRb1),823.3→643.4(GRg1)。人参皂苷Rb1血浆样品测定方法的定量线性范围为1~500 ng/mL,线性相关系数大于0.999,定量下限为1 ng/mL,批内和批间精密度(RSD)小于9.05%,回收率为79.7%~81.0%,基质效应为96.6%~99.3%。大鼠灌胃给予Rb15 mg/kg后,大鼠体内血药浓度到达高峰时间tmax为1.53 h,半衰期t1/2为13.54 h,药时曲线面积AUC0~72为16237.76(ng·h)/mL。该方法快速、高效、灵敏,适用于人参皂苷Rb1的代谢动力学研究。     

Determination of oxatomide in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

A rapid, sensitive and specific high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) method has been developed and validated for the determination of oxatomide in human plasma. Flunarizine hydrochloride was employed as the internal standard (IS). The analytes were chromatographically separated on a Shimadzu Shim-pack VP-ODS C18 column (250 x 2.0 mm i.d.) with a mobile phase consisting of methanol and aqueous ammonium acetate solution (10 mm, pH 4.0; 85:15, v/v). Detection was performed on a single quadrupole mass spectrometer using an electrospray ionization interface with the selected-ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The method showed excellent linearity (r = 0.9995) over the concentration range of 0.5-500 ng/mL with good accuracy and precision. The intra- and inter-batch precisions were within 10% relative standard deviation. The recoveries were more than 90%. The validated method was successfully applied to a preliminary pharmacokinetic study of oxatomide in Chinese healthy male volunteers.     

Rapid and sensitive determination of donepezil in human plasma by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry: application to a pharmacokinetic study

A liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of donepezil in human plasma samples. Diphenhydramine was used as the internal standard. The collision-induced transition m/z 380 --> 91 was used to analyze donepezil in selected reaction monitoring mode. The signal intensity of the m/z 380 --> 91 transition was found to relate linearly with donepezil concentrations in plasma from 0.1-20.0 ng/mL. The lower limit of quantification of the LC/MS/MS method was 0.1 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-day precisions were below 10.2% and the accuracy was between -2.3% and +2.8%. The validated LC/MS/MS method was applied to a pharmacokinetic study in which healthy Chinese volunteers each received a single oral dose of 5 mg donepezil hydrochloride. The non-compartmental pharmacokinetic model was used to fit the donepezil plasma concentration-time curve. Maximum plasma concentration was 12.3 +/- 2.73 ng/mL which occurred at 3.50 +/- 1.61 h post-dosing. The apparent elimination half-life and the area under the curve were, respectively, 60.86 +/- 12.05 h and 609.3 +/- 122.2 ng . h/mL. LC/MS/MS is a rapid, sensitive and specific method for determining donepezil in human plasma samples.     

A simple and sensitive HPLC method for quantitation of low phenoprolamine hydrochloride concentrations in human plasma and its pharmacokinetic application

Phenoprolamine hydrochloride is a novel compound that works against a variety of types of hypertension. The purpose of this study was to develop a simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method for quantitation of low phenoprolamine hydrochloride concentrations in human plasma and to apply it to pharmacokinetic study. The procedure involved extraction of the drug and clonidine (internal standard) from the plasma using diethyl ether. Chromatographic separations were carried out on a 4.6 x 200 mm Hypersil silica column with UV detection at 230 nm. The isocratic mobile phase, 1% ammonium acetate (pH 5.4) and methanol (0.3:99.7, v/v), was run at 1 mL/min. Extraction recovery was 84% for phenoprolamine hydrochloride at a concentration level of 200 ng/mL, and 76% for clonidine at 200 ng/mL. The method was linear in the concentration range 5-4000 ng/mL with a lower limit of quantitation of 5 ng/mL for phenoprolamine hydrochloride. Inter- and intra-day coefficients of variation were less than 10%. The validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in human after an oral administration of the drug, and the pharmacokinetic parameters are presented.     

Simultaneous determination of mifepristone and monodemethyl-mifepristone in human plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method using levonorgestrel as an internal standard: application to a pharmacokinetic study

A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated to simultaneously determine mifepristone and monodemethyl-mifepristone in human plasma using levonorgestrel as the internal standard (IS). After solid-phase extraction of the plasma samples, mifepristone, monodemethyl-mifepristone and the IS were subjected to LC-MS/MS analysis using electro-spray ionization (ESI) in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Chromatographic separation was performed on an XTERRA MS C(18) column (150 x 2.1 mm i.d., 5 microm). The method had a chromatographic run time of 4.5 min and linear calibration curves over the concentration ranges of 5-2000 ng/mL for mifepristone and monodemethyl-mifepristone. The recoveries of the method were found to be 94.5-103.7% for mifepristone and 70.7-77.3% for monodemethyl-mifepristone. The method had a lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 5.0 ng/mL and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 1.0 ng/mL for both mifepristone and monodemethyl-mifepristone. The intra- and inter-batch precision was less than 15% for all quality control samples at concentrations of 10, 100 and 1000 ng/mL. These results indicate that the method was efficient with a short run time (4.5 min) and acceptable accuracy, precision and sensitivity. The validated LC-MS/MS method was successfully used in a pharmacokinetic study in healthy female volunteers after oral administration of 25 mg mifepristone tablet.     

A simplified and reliable LC–tandem mass spectrometry method for determination of ulipristal acetate in human plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study in healthy Chinese volunteers

In this study, a simplified, sensitive and reliable LC–tandem mass spectrometry method was established and validated for the quantification of ulipristal acetate (UPA) in human plasma and for the investigation of pharmacokinetic profile of UPA following a single oral administration of ella (UPA 30-mg tablet) in healthy Chinese volunteers. Plasma samples were analyzed after being processed by protein precipitation with methanol. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Kinetex EVO C₁₈ column (2.1 × 50 mm, 2.6 μm) using gradient elution with a mobile phase composed of methanol and water containing 2 mm ammonium acetate and 0.3% formic acid at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The chromatographic running time was 4.0 min per sample. The MS detection was performed via an LC system with the positive ion electrospray ionization interface in multiple reaction monitoring mode using the transition of m/z 476.2 → 134.1 for UPA and m/z 479.3 → 416.2 for UPA-d3 [internal standard (IS)], respectively. UPA and IS were monitored without severe interference from the biological matrices. The method was linear over the wide concentration range of 0.300–300 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy were well within the limits required for bioanalytical assays. The method was first used to describe the pharmacokinetic characteristic of UPA after a single oral administration of ella in healthy Chinese volunteers. Based on a between-study comparison, there were statistically significant differences (p < .05) between Chinese and Caucasian volunteers for the systemic exposure of UPA, suggesting that race seems to significantly impact the systemic exposure of UPA.     

Determination of ospemifene in human plasma by LC–MS/MS and its application to a human pharmacokinetic study

A highly sensitive, specific and rapid liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analytical method has been developed and validated for the determination of ospemifene in human plasma using ospemifene‐d₄ as an internal standard. Solid‐phase extraction technique with Phenomenex Strata X‐33 μm polymeric sorbent cartridges (30 mg/1 mL) was used to extract the analytes from the plasma. The chromatographic separation was achieved on Agilent Eclipse XDB‐Phenyl, 4.6 × 75 mm, 3.5 μm column using the mobile phase composition of methanol and 20 mm ammonium formate buffer (90:10, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.9 mL/min. A detailed method validation was performed as per the US Food and Drug Administration guidelines and the calibration curve obtained was linear (r² = 99) over the concentration range 5.02–3025 ng/mL. The API‐4500 MS/MS was operated under multiple reaction monitoring mode during the analysis. The proposed method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in healthy human volunteers after oral administration of an ospemifene 60 mg tablet under fed conditions.     

Simultaneous determination of dipyridamole and salicylic acid in human plasma by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

A sensitive, rapid and simple high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) method for simultaneous determination of dipyridamole and salicylic acid in human plasma has been developed and validated. After the addition of diazepam and rosiglitazone as internal standard (IS), plasma samples were prepared by liquid-liquid extraction followed by an isocratic elution with methanol:2 mM ammonium acetate buffer (pH 4.25; 70/30, v/v) on a Shimadzu VP-ODS C(18) column (5 microm, 150 x 2.0 mm I.D.). Detection was performed on a quadrupole mass spectrometer with ESI interface operating in the positive-ion mode for dipyridamole and negative-ion mode for salicylic acid. Calibration curves were linear (r(2) > 0.99) over the concentration range 10-2500 ng/mL for dipyridamole and 30-4000 ng/mL for salicylic acid with acceptable accuracy and precision, respectively. The intra- and inter-batch precisions were less than 15% of the relative standard deviation. The limits of detection of dipyridamole and salicylic acid were 1 and 15 ng/mL, respectively. The validated HPLC-ESI-MS method was successfully applied to a preliminary pharmacokinetic study of fixed-dose combination of sustained-release dipyridamole/aspirin in Chinese healthy male volunteers.     

High-performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of leucovorin in plasma: validation and application to a pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers

A sensitive and reliable high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method, using a solid-phase extraction (SPE), was developed and validated for determination of leucovorin (LV) in human plasma. Plasma sample was extracted by using a Sep-Pak cartridge which could be renewable. The sample was analyzed by HPLC with UV detection at 286 nm. The method was shown to perform selectively and sensitively for LV. The main metabolite of LV, 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid, and endogenous substances in plasma did not show any interference in the analysis. The limit of detection was 10 ng/mL for LV in plasma and the linear range was 50-1500 ng/mL in plasma. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of intra-day and inter-day assays was 2.8-6.1% and 2.4-5.3%, respectively. The extraction recoveries of LV in plasma were over 90%. The method was proved to be applicable to the pharmacokinetic study of LV in healthy volunteers after a single oral administration (75 mg). The pharmacokinetic parameters and relative bioavailability were investigated for domestic LV tablet and capsule vs an imported tablet.     

Determination of huperzine A in human plasma by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry: application to a bioequivalence study on Chinese volunteers

A simple, sensitive and selective LC-MS-MS method has been developed for the quantification of huperzine A in human plasma. Huperzine A and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (internal standard) were isolated from human plasma by extraction with ethyl acetate, chromatographed on a C(18) column with a mobile phase consisting of 0.2% formic acid-methanol (15:85, v/v) and detected using a tandem mass spectrometer with an electrospray ionization interface. The lower limit of quantification was 0.0508 ng/mL, and the assay exhibited a linear range of 0.0508-5.08 ng/mL (r = 0.9998). The method was successfully applied to investigate the bioequivalence between two kinds of tablets (test vs reference product) in 18 healthy male Chinese volunteers. After a single 0.2 mg dose for the test and reference product, the resulting means of major pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC(0-24), AUC(0-infinity), C(max), T(max) and t(1/2) of huperzine A were 16.35 +/- 3.42 vs 16.38 +/- 3.61 ng h/mL, 17.53 +/- 3.80 vs 17.70 +/- 3.97 ng h/mL, 2.47 +/- 0.49 vs 2.51 +/- 0.51 ng/mL, 1.3 +/- 0.4 vs 1.2 +/- 0.3 h and 5.92 +/- 0.75 vs 6.18 +/- 0.66 h, respectively, indicating that these two kinds of tablets were bioequivalent.     

Development and validation of a HPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of venlafaxine enantiomers and application to a pharmacokinetic study in healthy Chinese volunteers

An HPLC‐MS/MS method has been developed and validated for the determination of venlafaxine enantiomers in human plasma and applied to a pharmacokinetic study in healthy Chinese volunteers. The method was carried out on a vancomycin chiral column (5 µm, 250 × 4.6 mm) maintained at 25°C. The mobile phase was methanol–water containing 30 mmol/L ammonium acetate, pH 3.3 adjusted with aqueous ammonia (8:92, v/v) at the flow rate 1.0 mL/min. A tandem mass spectrometer with an electrospray interface was operated in the multiple reaction monitoring mode to detect the selected ions pair at m/z 278.0 → 120.8 for venlafaxine enantiomers and m/z 294.8 → 266.7 for estazolanm (internal standard). The method was linear in the concentration range of 0.28–423.0 ng/mL. The lower limit of quantification was 0.28 ng/mL. The intra‐and inter‐day relative standard deviations were less than 9.7%. The method was successfully applied for the evaluation of pharmacokinetic profiles of venlafaxine enantiomers in 18 healthy volnteers. Validation parameters such as the specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy and stability were evaluated, giving results within the acceptable range. Pharmacokinetic parameters of the venlafaxine enantiomers were measured in the 18 healthy Chinese volunteers who received a single regimen with venlafaxine hydrochloride capsules. The results show that AUC_(0–∞), C_max and t_1/2 between S‐venlafaxine and R‐venlafaxine are significantly different (p < 0.05). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.