叔胺N235萃取盐酸时酸度对产生第三相的影响

本文研究了三烷基胺N₂₃₅-C₁₂H₂₆-HCl萃取体系,在无改性剂TBP(磷酸三丁酯)和含20% TBP两种情况下,初始HCl浓度对HCl萃取率、第三相体积和第三相电导率的影响。发现无TBP时,萃取入有机相的HCl按两阶段形式进入第三相。在n_HCl(o)/n_N235(o)≤1时,形成的第三相萃合物为R₃N·(H₂O)_m·HCl(m<3)。在n_HCl(o)/n_N235(o)>1时,萃合物组成接近R₃N·(H₂O)_m·2HCl。第三相的体积及电导率变化均在n_HCl(o)/n_N235(o)=1附近出现拐点。有机相含20% TBP后,在c_HCl(init)≤4.0 mol·L^-1范围不出现第三相,c_HCl(init)≥5.0 mol·L^-1则再次出现第三相,此第三相的组成推测为R₃N·(H₂O)_m·HCl及TBP·(H₂O)_m·HCl两种离子溶液的混合物。     

二已基-N,N-二乙基酰胺甲撑磷酸酯从盐酸介质中萃取钯(Ⅱ)的研究

研究了DHDECMP的二甲苯溶液从盐酸溶液中对钯(Ⅱ)的萃取。钯(Ⅱ)的分配比随水相盐酸浓度和有机相萃取剂浓度的增加而增加。当水相盐酸浓度大于0.5mol·l^-1时,萃取平衡可表示为 pd²⁺+2H⁺+4Cl^-+2DHDECMP_(o)⇔[PdCl₄^2-·2H⁺DHDECMP]_(o) DHDECMP以及萃取平衡后有机相的红外吸收谱表明,DHDECMP中的P=O基被质子化后与PdCl₄^2-缔合成离子对进入有机相而使Pd(Ⅱ)被萃取。     

抗衡阴离子PF6-调控的1, 3-丙二胺缩邻香兰素镧(Ⅲ)配合物的合成和晶体结构

通过柔性配体1, 3-丙二胺缩邻香兰素(H₂L)与和La(NO₃)₃·6H₂O反应, 合成了1个由2个H₂L桥连的双核稀土配合物[La₂(NO₃)₆(H₂L)₂] ·CH₂Cl₂ (1), 该配合物与(NH₄)(PF₆)继续反应生成了1个由2个NO₃^-离子桥连的双核配合物[La₂(NO₃)₂(H₂L)₄] (PF₆)₄·4H₂O·2CH₂Cl₂ (2), X-射线单晶衍射分析确定了2个配合物的晶体结构。配合物1和2为结构完全不同的2个双核结构, 因抗衡阴离子PF₆^-有去阴离子的作用, 配合物1中的NO₃^-离子被配体取代, 导致配合物1的结构翻转, 形成了1个新颖的双核结构2。     

氨·环己胺·羧酸根合铂(Ⅱ)类配合物的合成、抗肿瘤活性和与DNA的键合水平

本工作设计合成了6种新型氨·环己胺·羧酸根合铂(Ⅱ)类配合物[Pt(NH₃)((?)-NH₂)X₂](a～f){其中，X=CH₃COO^-(乙酸根)，CH₂ClCOO^-(氯乙酸根)，C₆H₅-COO^-(苯甲酸根)，p-CH₃O-C₆     

四氯合锌酸正九烷铵的晶体结构及热化学性质

合成了四氯合锌酸正九烷铵复合物(C₉H₁₉NH₃)₂ZnCl₄(s) (C₉Zn(s)), 并使用X射线单晶衍射、化学分析以及元素分析确定了其晶体结构和化学组成. 利用其晶体学数据推导了C₉Zn(s)的晶格能U_POT=952.94 kJ·mol^-1. 在298.15 K下, 利用恒温环境溶解-反应热量计测定了C₉Zn(s)在不同质量摩尔浓度下的摩尔溶解焓. 在Pitzer电解质溶液理论基础上确定了C₉Zn(s)的无限稀释摩尔溶解焓Δ_sΗ_m^∞=20.09 kJ·mol^-1, 以及Pitzer焓参数组合(4β_C9H19NH3,Cl^(0)L+2β_Zn,Cl^(0)L+θ_C9H19NH3,Zn^L)和(2β_C9H19NH3,Cl^(1)L+β_Zn,Cl^(1)L)的值.     

五元体系Li+/Cl-，CO32-，SO42-，B4O72--H2O 298 K相关系实验研究

Zabuye saline lake, Tibet, China, is unrivalled in the world for its high concentration of chloride, sulfate, carbonate and borate of lithium, sodium and potassium. Always at the later stage of the evaporation of brines, most sodium and potassium salts are crystallized out, so the main components of brines can be described with the Li⁺, Mg²⁺/Cl^-, SO₄^2-, CO₃^2-, B₄O₇^2--H₂O system. As a part of study on the equilibrium of this complex system, the equilibrium solubilities and phase diagram of the quinary system Li⁺/Cl^-，CO₃^2-，SO₄^2-，B₄O₇^2--H₂O at 298 K were studied by isothermal dissolution equilibrium method. In the 3-dimentional solubility diagram or its projection diagram saturated with solid LiCl, there are four crystallization fields, four univariant curves and one invariant point. At the invariant point, the saturated solid salts are LiCl·H₂O, Li₂B₄O₇·3H₂O, Li₂CO₃and Li₂SO₄·H₂O. No double salt or solid solution is formed.     

新型冠醚桥联手性双核Salen配合物的合成及谱学性质

Five novel chiral dinuclear Salen complexes M₂L (M = Fe³⁺Cl^-, Mn³⁺Cl^-, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺) and Ba²⁺-crown ether complex H₄BaL(ClO₄)₂ were synthesized. The complexes were synthesized by reaction between ligand 3(H₄L) and corresponding metal salts (FeCl₃, Mn(OAc)₂·4H₂O, Co(OAc)₂·4H₂O, Ni(OAc)₂·4H₂O, Cu(OAc)₂·H₂O, Ba(ClO₄)₂·2H₂O). The chiral two discrete Salen ligand 3 was condensed from 3,3′-[Oxybis(2,l-ethanediyloxy)]bis(2-hydroxybenzaldehyde) and (R,R)-1,2-diamino-cyclohexane. The structure of complexes is two discrete Salen unit bridged with crown ether from two sides. We found that ligand 3 had three complex cites. The two N₂O₂ cavities can found complexes with d-metals (compound 4), while the O₁₀ cavity can found complex with alkali metals and alkaline-earth metals (compound 5). The compounds were characterized by elemental analyses, ¹H NMR, Mass-spectra, FT-IR, UV-Vis and CD spectra. The FT-IR, UV-Vis and CD spectra property of complexes were minutely analyzed.     

一维异核配合物[KNd(bta)2(H2O)6]·H2O的水热合成，晶体结构和荧光性质

以双四唑胺(H₂bta)、NdCl₃·6H₂O、KOH为原料,用水热法合成了1个一维异核的Nd³⁺配合物[KNd(bta)₂(H₂O)₆]·H₂O。通过X-射线单晶衍射、元素分析、红外光谱对该配合物进行了结构表征。该化合物属于单斜晶系,P2₁/m空间群。每个Nd³⁺与2个来自bta^2-离子的4个氮原子和5个水分子形成了1个盖帽的四方双锥,通过bta^2-和水分子桥联配体把Nd³⁺和K⁺连接成一维链状结构,链与链之间通过O-H…N和N-H…O氢键作用形成三维超分子结构。紫外吸收光谱和荧光光谱表征结果显示该配合物的水溶液在292和412 nm表现出双四唑胺的特征吸收峰和荧光发射特征峰。     

五元体系Li+，Na+//CO32-，SO42-，B4O72--H2O 288 K介稳相平衡研究

采用等温蒸发法研究五元体系Li⁺,Na⁺//CO₃^2-,SO₄^2-,B₄O₇^2--H₂O 288 K介稳相平衡关系,测定在288 K条件下的介稳平衡溶液中各组分的溶解度和溶液密度,根据实验数据绘制相应的介稳平衡相图及密度组成图。研究结果表明该五元体系介稳相平衡中有复盐Na₃Li(SO₄)₂·6H₂O生成,其介稳相图中有4个共饱点,9条单变量曲线,6个Li₂CO₃饱和的结晶区分别为LiBO₂·8H₂O,Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O,Na₂CO₃·10H₂O,Na₂SO₄,Li₂SO₄·H₂O和复盐Na₃Li(SO₄)₂·6H₂O。     

O—P—O桥联锰-席夫碱配合物的合成、结构和磁性质

采用溶液法合成了2例由O—P—O单元桥联的锰-席夫碱(SB)新型三核配合物,即[Mn₃(salen)₃(L)]ClO₄·H₂O (1)和[Mn₃(salpn)₃(L)]ClO₄(2),其中salen^2-=N,N''-乙二胺缩双水杨醛,salpn^2-=N,N''-丙二胺缩双水杨醛,H₂L=(5-(乙氧基羰基)萘-1-基)膦酸。通过单晶X射线衍射、红外光谱、粉末X射线衍射对其进行了表征。配合物1和2是同构的,均是由膦酸酯配体中的O—P—O桥联3个[Mn (SB)]+构成一个三核结构单元[Mn3(SB)3(L)]⁺,一个无序的ClO₄^-作为平衡阴离子存在。这些[Mn₃(SB)₃(L)]⁺三聚体通过π-π相互作用和相邻的分子形成超分子一维波形链。配合物1和2的磁性研究表明,不对称结构中的3个Mn(Ⅲ)离子分别是2个高自旋和1个低自旋,而Mn(Ⅲ)离子之间主要存在反铁磁相互作用。     

Formation of super-concentrated hydrochloric acid in the third phase in tertiary amine N235-PtCl 6 2− -HCl system and its influences on the Pt microemulsion extraction

In this paper, we have investigated the formation of the third-phase in tertiary amine (N235)-PtCl ₆ ^2? -HCl system and the microscopic phase structural evolution of platinum-loaded organic phases before and after the occurrence of the third-phase. The third-phase is characterized by various spectroscopic techniques, and the small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments demonstrate the appearance of nano-aggregates, i.e., water-in-oil reversed micelles, in the third phase. The experimental results indicate that (1) formation of the third phase is related to the aggregation behaviors of nano-reversed micelles in which a super-concentrated hydrochloric acid formed with the H⁺ to H₂O molar ratio being much higher than that of the conventional 37 wt% saturated hydrochloric acid. (2) The occurrence of the super-concentrated HCl results in a great amount of H⁺ and Cl^? ions enriched and confined within the nano-water pools of W/O reversed micelles in third phase. Therefore, the coordination behaviors of platinum complex ions in that super-concentrated hydrochloric acid are very different from their corresponding behaviors in bulk aqueous solutions. It is possible that H⁺ ions participate in the formation of such complexes as H _m PtCl ₆ ^z+ in the super-concentrated hydrochloric acid. (3) The relative contents of various H _m PtCl ₆ ^z+ complexes are different corresponding to the H⁺ ion concentrations in confined nano-water pools. The association ability of the acidified tertiary amine N235 molecules (R₃NH⁺) with various H _m PtCl ₆ ^z+ complexes plays an important role in affecting the platinum extraction behaviors.     

Effect of the Structure of Phase-Transfer Catalyst on the Rate of Alkaline Hydrolysis of N-Benzyloxycarbonylglycine 4-Nitrophenyl Ester in the System Chloroform-Borate Buffer

Onium salts QZ (Z = Cl, Br) having a lipophilic (Q = R₃NR', where R' = C₁₆H₃₃) or readily extractable (into organic phase) cation (Q = Ph₄P) exhibit a high catalytic activity in phase-transfer alkaline hydrolysis of N-benzyloxycarbonylglycine 4-nitrophenyl ester in the two-phase system chloroform-borate buffer (pH 10). No catalytic effect is observed in the presence of hydrophilic ammonium salts [Et₄NCl, Et₃PhCH₂NCl, Me₂(NH₂)+NCH₂CH₂+N(NH₂)Me₂·2Br^-] and those insoluble in organic solvents [(Me)₃+NNH(CH₂)₂COO^-·2H₂O, Me₂(NH₂)+NCH₂CO^-, Me₂(NH₂)+N(CH₂)₃SO₃ ^-]. These data suggest extraction mechanism of the process. The activity of lipophilic cation Q is determined mainly by two factors: its extractibility, on the one hand, and the ability to form micelles, on the other.     

Extraction equilibria for the 4-(2-Pyridylazo)-Resorcinol-Nickel(II)-Quaternary-Ammonium salt system

The extraction equilibria of nickel(II)-PAR complexes with tetradecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride(Q⁺Cl^?) are investigated. Two kinds of nickel complex are extracted by chloroform: Ni(HR)₂,nQ⁺Cl^?₍₀₎(?⁵⁰⁰ = 3.73·10⁴l mol^?1cm^?1) at about pH 5 and 2Q⁺ NiR^2-_2(o)(?⁵⁰⁰ = 8.08·10⁴ l mol^?1 cm^?1) at above pH 8.5. The extraction constant for 2Q⁺ NiR^2-_2(o) was evaluated as [2Q⁺ NiR^2-₂]₀/[NiR^2-₂] [Q⁺]² = 10^11.16 at μ = 0.1 (Na₂SO₄. Synergic extraction studies of the Ni(HR)₂ species under slightly acidic conditions show that the species is Ni(HR)₂(H₂O)₂in auqeous solution and is extracted into chloroform as the adduct Ni(HR)₂(TBP)₂ (?⁵³⁵ = 3.57·10⁴ l mol^?1 cm^?1. Based on the extraction behavior of these complexes, the structures of the Ni²⁺—PAR complexes are discussed.     

Hydrogen‐bonded two‐ and three‐dimensional polymeric structures in the ammonium salts of 3,5‐dinitrobenzoic acid, 4‐nitrobenzoic acid and 2,4‐dichlorobenzoic acid

The structures of ammonium 3,5‐dinitrobenzoate, NH₄⁺·C₇H₃N₂O₆⁻, (I), ammonium 4‐nitrobenzoate dihydrate, NH₄⁺·C₇H₄NO₄⁻·2H₂O, (II), and ammonium 2,4‐dichlorobenzoate hemihydrate, NH₄⁺·C₇H₃Cl₂O₂⁻·0.5H₂O, (III), have been determined and their hydrogen‐bonded structures are described. All three salts form hydrogen‐bonded polymeric structures, viz. three‐dimensional in (I) and two‐dimensional in (II) and (III). With (I), a primary cation–anion cyclic association is formed [graph set R₄³(10)] through N—H...O hydrogen bonds, involving a carboxylate group with both O atoms contributing to the hydrogen bonds (denoted O,O′‐carboxylate) on one side and a carboxylate group with one O atom involved in two hydrogen bonds (denoted O‐carboxylate) on the other. Structure extension involves N—H...O hydrogen bonds to both carboxylate and nitro O‐atom acceptors. With structure (II), the primary inter‐species interactions and structure extension into layers lying parallel to (001) are through conjoined cyclic hydrogen‐bonding motifs, viz.R₄³(10) (one cation, an O,O′‐carboxylate group and two water molecules) and centrosymmetric R₄²(8) (two cations and two water molecules). The structure of (III) also has conjoined R₄³(10) and centrosymmetric R₄²(8) motifs in the layered structure but these differ in that the first motif involves one cation, an O,O′‐carboxylate group, an O‐carboxylate group and one water molecule, and the second motif involves two cations and two O‐carboxylate groups. The layers lie parallel to (100). The structures of salt hydrates (II) and (III), displaying two‐dimensional layered arrays through conjoined hydrogen‐bonded nets, provide further illustration of a previously indicated trend among ammonium salts of carboxylic acids, but the anhydrous three‐dimensional structure of (I) is inconsistent with that trend.     

Solvent extraction of pertechnetate with TBP from perchloric acid solution

Solvent extraction mechanism of pertechnetic acid with TBP from perchloric acid solutions is discussed. When cyclohexane is used as a diluent of TBP, perchloric acid can be extracted in the form of HClO₄(TBP)₂ into the organic phase. The TBP extraction of pertechnetic acid competes with perchloric acid and its equilibria are expressed as follows: HTcO₄+3TBPHTcO₄(TBP)₃ and HTcO₄(TBP)₃+TBPHTcO₄(TBP)₄.     

Molecular state of hydrochloric acid in its tributyl phosphate extracts

Using IR spectroscopy we have shown that at digerent equilibrium concentrations of HCl in aqueous phases, its tributyl phosphate @acts contain: 1) at C_Hcl ^a < 2.3 M, micelle-like associates H₅O₂ ⁺(H₂O)_n–2(TBP)_mCl^–·(H₂0·TBP)₂ (n 26 and m 13), the structure of micelles is discussed 2) at 2.3 M < C_HCl ^a < 5.6 M, dimer associates [H₅O₂ ⁺(H₂O)₂Cl^–(H₂O·TBP)₂]₂; 3) at 5.6 M < C_HCl ^a < 8.5 M, H-bonded molecular fragments H₅O₂ ⁺(TBP)_2/3Cl^–(A); and 4) at C_HCl ^a > 8.5 M, considerable amounts of the H₃O⁺ tisolvate start to form in molecular fragments H₃O⁺(TBP)_1/3Cl ^–(B) H-bonded with the nearest neighbors. At C_Hcl ^a > 5.6 M, almost no free TBP molecules occur in the extracts and a structured liquid forms from the A fragments; and at C_Hcl ^a > 8.5 M, from the B fragments.Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences. Translated fromZhurnal Strukturmoi Khimii, Vol. 34, No. 5, pp. 72–79, September–October, 1993.Translated by K. Shaposhnikova     

NH4[Re3Cl10(OH2)2] · 2 H2O: Synthese und Struktur Ein Beispiel für starke N?H …︁ O- und O?H …︁ Cl-Bindungen

NH₄[Re₃Cl₁₀(OH₂)₂] · 2 H₂O: Synthesis and Structure. An Example for “Strong” N? H …? O and O? H …? Cl Hydrogen Bonding The red NH₄[Re₃Cl₁₀(OH₂)₂] · 2 H₂O crystallizes from hydrochloric-acid solutions of ReCl₃ with NH₄Cl. It is tetragonal, P4₁2₁2, No. 92, a = 1157.6, c = 1614.5 pm, Z = 4. The crystal structure contains “isolated” clusters [Re₃Cl₁₀(OH₂)₂]^?. These contain Cl…?H? O? H…?Cl units with “very strong” hydrogen bonds: distances Cl? O are only 286 pm. NH₄⁺ has seven Cl^? as nearest neighbours and, additionally, one H₂O which belongs to a cluster [d(N? O1) = 271 pm] and one crystal water [d(N? O2) = 286 pm].     

Solvent extraction of radioactive Cs<Superscript>+</Superscript> by hydroborate anionic extractants of the [1-LB<Subscript>10</Subscript>H<Subscript>9</Subscript>]<Superscript>-</Superscript> type (L = amine or phosphine)

Summary New anion derivatives of the closo-decaborate [B₁₀H₁₀]^2- bearing amine or phosphine groups were tested for the extraction of radioactive cesium cations in acidic medium. The technique used is the liquid-liquid extraction based on the complexation of Cs⁺ by these anions to form neutral compounds which are extracted by organic solvents (diluents) of medium polarity. Promising results were obtained with the anion [1-(C₆H₅CH₂)₂(C₆H₅)NB₁₀H₉]^- (3) soluble in many organic solvents. The most efficient diluent for the extraction is nitrobenzene. Using hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid in the aqueous medium instead of nitric acid does not significantly affect the efficiency of Cs⁺ extraction.     

Die Kristallstrukturen von [Cu2Cl2(AA · H+)2](NO3)2 und [AA · H+]Pikr− (AA · H+ = Allylammonium; Pikr− = Pikrat)

The Crystal Structures of [Cu₂Cl₂(AA · H⁺)₂](NO₃)₂ and [AA · H⁺]Picr^? (AA · H⁺ = Allylammonium; Picr^? = Picrat) By an alternating current electro synthesis the crystal-line π-complex [Cu₂Cl₂(AA · H⁺)₂](NO₃)₂ has been obtained from CuCl₂ · 2H₂O, allylamine (AA), and HNO₃ in ethanolic solution. X-ray structure analysis revealed that the compound crystallized in the monoclinic system, space group P2₁/a, a = 7.229(3), b = 7.824(3), c = 26.098(6) Å, γ = 94.46(5)°, Z = 4, R = 0.025 for 2 023 reflections. The crystal structure is built up of Cu_nCl_n chains which are connected by π-bonding bidentate AA · H⁺ …? ON(O)O …? H⁺ · AA units. For comparision with the above complex the structure of [AA · H⁺]Picr^? (Picr^? = picrate anion) is also reported.     

Solvent extraction of H3O+, NH4+, Ag+, K+, Rb+ and Tl+ into nitrobenzene by using cesium dicarbollylcobaltate in the presence of a hexaarylbenzene-based receptor

From extraction experiments and γ-activity measurements, the extraction constants corresponding to the general equilibrium M⁺(aq) + 1·Cs⁺(nb) \rightleftarrows \rightleftarrows 1·M⁺(nb) + Cs⁺(aq) taking part in the two-phase water–nitrobenzene system (1 = hexaarylbenzene-based receptor; M⁺ = H₃O⁺, NH₄ ⁺, Ag⁺, K⁺, Rb⁺, Tl⁺; aq = aqueous phase, nb = nitrobenzene phase) were evaluated. Furthermore, the stability constants of the ML⁺ complex species in nitrobenzene saturated with water were calculated; they were found to increase in the series of Rb⁺ < K⁺ < Ag⁺, Tl⁺ < H₃O⁺, NH₄ ⁺.