四氯合镉酸正十一烷铵的合成、晶体结构及低温热容

合成了四氯合镉酸正十一烷铵配合物(C₁₁H₂₃NH₃)₂CdCl₄(s)[简写: C₁₁Cd(s)]. 用X 射线单晶衍射技术、化学分析和元素分析确定其晶体结构和化学组成. 利用其晶体学数据计算出晶格能为: U_POT＝908.18 kJ·mol^-1. 利用精密自动绝热热量计测定了它在78～395 K 温区的低温热容, 结果表明, 该配合物在此温区出现两次连续的固-固相转变, 计算出两次相变的峰温、摩尔焓及摩尔熵分别为: T_trs,1＝(321.88±0.07) K, Δ_trsH_m,1＝(37.59±0.17) kJ·mol^-1, Δ_trsS_m,1＝(117.24±0.12) J·K^-1·mol^-1, T_trs,2＝(323.81±0.30) K, Δ_trsH_m,2＝(12.42±0.02) kJ·mol^-1 和Δ_trsS_m,2＝(38.36±0.09) J·K^-1·mol^-1. 用最小二乘法将实验摩尔热容对温度进行拟合, 得到热容随温度变化的多项式方程. 用此方程进行数值积分,得到此温区每隔5 K 的舒平热容值和相对于298.15 K 时的热力学函数值.     

Crystal structure and thermochemical properties of bis（1-octylammonium） tetrachlorochromate phase change materials

A new crystalline complex(C8 H17 NH3) 2 CdCl 4(s)(abbreviated as C8Cd(s)) is synthesized by liquid phase reaction.The crystal structure and composition of the complex are determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction,chemical analysis,and elementary analysis.It is triclinic,the space group is P-1 and Z = 2.The lattice potential energy of the title complex is calculated to be U POT(C 8 Cd(s))=978.83 kJ·mol-1 from crystallographic data.Low-temperature heat capacities of the complex are measured by using a precision automatic adiabatic calorimeter over a temperature range from 78 K to 384 K.The temperature,molar enthalpy,and entropy of the phase transition for the complex are determined to be 307.3±0.15 K,10.15±0.23 kJ·mol-1,and 33.05±0.78 J·K-1 ·mol-1 respectively for the endothermic peak.Two polynomial equations of the heat capacities each as a function of temperature are fitted by using the leastsquare method.Smoothed heat capacity and thermodynamic functions of the complex are calculated based on the fitted polynomials.     

Crystal structure and thermochemical properties of phase change materials bis(1-octylammonium) tetrachlorochromate

A new crystalline complex (C₈H₁₇NH₃)₂CdCl₄(s) (abbreviated as C₈Cd(s)) is synthesized by liquid phase reaction. The crystal structure and composition of the complex are determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction, chemical analysis, and elementary analysis. It is triclinic, the space group is P-1 and Z = 2. The lattice potential energy of the title complex is calculated to be U_POT (C₈Cd(s))=978.83 kJ·mol^-1 from crystallographic data. Low-temperature heat capacities of the complex are measured by a precision automatic adiabatic calorimeter over a temperature range from 78 K to 384 K. The temperature, molar enthalpy, and entropy of the phase transition for the complex are determined to be 307.3± 0.15 K, 10.15± 0.23 kJ·mol^-1, and 33.05± 0.78 J·K^-1·mol^-1 respectively for the endothermic peak. Two polynomial equations of the heat capacities each as a function of temperature are fitted by the least-square method. Smoothed heat capacity and thermodynamic functions of the complex are calculated based on the fitted polynomials.     

铁取代的钴-磷多酸作为酸性介质中性能增强的析氧催化剂

纯无机的非贵金属基双/三金属氢氧(氧)化物因其优异的析氧反应(OER)性能而得到广泛关注及研究.但这些催化剂的原子精度的结构表征较为困难,阻碍了人们对其构效关系的认识,从而影响了进一步对催化性能的精确调控.金属有机框架(MOFs)材料因具有明确的结构及化学组成可调等优点,可以作为一类结构确定的OER电催化剂,但是MOFs为有机配体和金属离子配位形成的框架材料,与金属氢氧(氧)化物结构类型不同.多酸是由高氧化态的Mo^Ⅵ/Ⅴ,W^Ⅵ/Ⅴ,V^Ⅴ/Ⅳ,Nb^Ⅴ和Ta^Ⅴ等组成的金属-氧簇.多酸尺寸介于分子与块体氧化物之间,可以被看作一种具有明确结构的分子氧化物.因此,多酸可用作模型体系从分子水平上探究金属氢氧(氧)化物催化剂的反应机理.此外,多酸已被证明是很有前景的非贵金属水氧化催化剂.对于OER,酸性介质更具优势,因为它与碱性介质相比具有高能效、低欧姆损耗、易于产物分离等优点.但是,非贵金属OER电催化剂在酸性介质中很难稳定且性能通常不如贵金属催化剂.制备酸性介质中高效和稳定的非贵金属OER电催化剂仍然是一大挑战.在本论文中,我们首先采用'原位同构取代'策略,将结构明确的[{Co4(OH)3PO4}4(SiW9O34)4]^32-(1)钴-磷多酸阴离子中的Co原子替换成Fe原子,合成了不同Fe含量的[{Fe2Co2(OH)3PO4}4(SiW9O34)4]^24-(2)和[{FeCo3(OH)3PO4}4(SiW9O34)4]^28-(3).然后通过离子交换,向1,2和3中引入Ba^2+,成功合成了不溶于水的多酸阴离子结构维持的多相催化剂Ba[1],Ba[2]和Ba[3].性能最好的Ba[3]在0.5 mol L^-1 H2SO4溶液中达到10 mA cm^-2的电流密度仅需要385 mV过电位(无iR校正),比相同条件下无Fe取代的Ba[1]和商业IrO2催化剂的过电位分别低66 mV和8 mV.经过2000圈的循环伏安测试和24 h的长时间电解测试,Ba[1],Ba[2]和Ba[3]均表现出较高的稳定性.另外,采用红外光谱(FT-IR)以及电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)等多种表征测试手段进一步确认了它们的稳定性.本文采用的'原位同构取代'策略为合成更高效的结构明确的多金属催化剂提供了新思路,同时也为进一步从分子水平上探索相关催化机理提供了难得的模型.     

四氯合锌酸正九烷铵的晶体结构及热化学性质

合成了四氯合锌酸正九烷铵复合物(C₉H₁₉NH₃)₂ZnCl₄(s) (C₉Zn(s)), 并使用X射线单晶衍射、化学分析以及元素分析确定了其晶体结构和化学组成. 利用其晶体学数据推导了C₉Zn(s)的晶格能U_POT=952.94 kJ·mol^-1. 在298.15 K下, 利用恒温环境溶解-反应热量计测定了C₉Zn(s)在不同质量摩尔浓度下的摩尔溶解焓. 在Pitzer电解质溶液理论基础上确定了C₉Zn(s)的无限稀释摩尔溶解焓Δ_sΗ_m^∞=20.09 kJ·mol^-1, 以及Pitzer焓参数组合(4β_C9H19NH3,Cl^(0)L+2β_Zn,Cl^(0)L+θ_C9H19NH3,Zn^L)和(2β_C9H19NH3,Cl^(1)L+β_Zn,Cl^(1)L)的值.