新型固相微萃取膜及其在分析沙土中梯恩梯的应用

本文用酰胺类化舍物和气相色谱固定液制备了一种新型固相微萃取膜，应用该类固相微萃取膜成功地分离了沙土中炸药梯恩梯，并利用气相色谱／质谱联用技术对分离后的样品进行了分析。     

固相微萃取技术在法庭科学领域中的应用

综述国内外固相微萃取技术在法庭科学领域中毒物、毒品和微量物证(炸药残留物、助燃剂残留物、人体气味)样品前处理及分析中的应用,以及在火场助燃剂残留物及人体气味鉴别方面的应用;对固相微萃取技术在法庭科学领域中的发展方向进行了展望。可以对法庭科学领域毒物毒品、微量物的相关研究和侦查办案提供参考。     

固相微萃取涂层制备方法研究进展

涂层是固相微萃取技术的核心,近年来出现的各种新型涂层材料和制备技术,进一步拓宽了固相微萃取技术的应用范围.该文介绍了各种新型固相微萃取介质的发展,并综述了各种新型固相微萃取涂层的制备方法,包括直接制备、溶胶-凝胶技术、化学键合与聚合、分子印迹技术、树脂固载技术、电化学沉积等.     

活体固相微萃取技术在动植物体内污染物分析中的应用

固相微萃取作为一种简便、快速、绿色的采样和样品前处理技术,近年来引起了广泛关注。在活体分析领域,基于相关萃取动力学理论的发展和新型活体采样探针的研制,固相微萃取技术逐步用于不同动植物体系中多种污染物的分析。本文概述了固相微萃取活体定量校正方法的开发、活体采样动力学过程的研究、新型活体采样探针的制备,以及活体固相微萃取方法在动植物组织中污染物快速检测及污染物富集和消除过程跟踪研究中的应用。此外,本文也对活体固相微萃取技术今后的发展方向和应用前景进行了展望。     

生物检材中氯胺酮及其代谢物的分析方法研究进展

综述了生物检材中氯胺酮及其代谢物分析技术的进展,评述了液相萃取、固相萃取、固相微萃取、顶空固相微萃取、微波辅助萃取等技术在分析中的应用,以及薄层色谱、气相色谱、高效液相色谱、毛细管电泳及其联用检测技术、酶联免疫分析技术和太赫兹时域光谱等检测技术在分析生物检材中氯胺酮的优势和局限性,并展望了该领域研究的发展趋势.     

固相微萃取新技术

 固相微萃取是基于萃取涂层与样品之间的吸附 /溶解 解吸平衡而建立起来的集进样、萃取、浓缩功能于一体的技术。综述了固相微萃取技术的最新发展动态 ,介绍了管内 (in tube)固相微萃取、新型萃取头以及固相微萃取与其他分析技术的联用情况。     

分散液液微萃取技术的研究进展

分散液液微萃取是一种基于传统液液萃取的新型样品前处理技术。该文以分散液液微萃取技术中萃取剂的筛选为出发点,综述了低密度萃取剂、辅助萃取剂、反萃取剂和离子液体等低毒性萃取剂在该技术中的应用,以及应用自制装置、溶剂去乳化、悬浮萃取剂固化,辅助萃取,反萃取和离子液体-分散液液微萃取等萃取模式;并简要评述了该技术与液液萃取、固相萃取、固相微萃取、分散固相萃取、基质固相分散萃取、超临界流体萃取、超声辅助萃取等其他样品前处理技术的联用特性。     

固相微萃取技术在农药残留分析中的应用

固相微萃取技术是一种崭新的无溶剂萃取分离技术。文中对影响萃取效果的因素进行了综述，并对固相微萃取技术在农药残留分析中的应用作出概述，引用文献56篇。     

固相微萃取技术在形态分析中的应用进展

形态分析比传统的元素分析能提供更为丰富的信息，成为当今分析化学领域前沿课题之一，而固相微萃取（SPME)是近十年来发展起来的新型分离富集技术，简便快速、无污染、易于和其它技术联用．近几年来才开始将固相微萃取应用到形态分析，二者结合对形态分析的发展具有促进作用，本文就固相微萃取技术在元素有机化合物形态分析中的应用进行了评述．     

固相微萃取纤维研究进展

固相微萃取是一种新型的萃取分离技术. 由于它具有富集能力强、分析速度快、操作简便及便于现场分析和仪器联用等优点,成为痕量物质分离检测分析的重要工具. 固相微萃取技术的核心是固相微萃取纤维. 总结了固相微萃取纤维在稳定性、使用寿命及选择性方面的一些特点,并综述了近年来在这些方面所进行的研究工作及发展方向.     

(H_2+CO+CH_4+Air)多元爆炸性混合气体爆炸形态与波形的区划

对H2,CO,CH4多元体系支链爆炸的爆炸特性与形态进行了系统的研究.探索了浓度爆炸极限、爆炸形态与波形及其影响因素;测定了爆炸危险度、火焰蔓延极限、最小点火能等爆炸特性参数;根据爆炸形态与波形的不同,提出了爆炸形态与波形的新区划理念,在爆炸极限内,可进一步区划为上下限冷焰区、上下限爆燃区、爆轰区、下爆燃向爆轰转化区等6个爆炸形态区,并探讨了不同爆炸形态压力波的发展机制,对进一步研究相关的多元支链爆炸体系,促进多元支链爆炸理论的发展,具有一定的理论价值.实验测得的爆炸危险度、火焰蔓延极限、最小点火能等特性参数,与引进‘关键组分'的概念,对预防混合气体支链爆炸事故的发生,指导防爆电气设备与阻火器设计,修订相关工业的安全指标,指导支链燃烧与支链爆炸的实践,具有积极的现实意义.     

Gas chromatographic detection of some nitro explosive compounds in soil samples after solid‐phase microextraction with carbon ceramic copper nanoparticle fibers

In this research, a new solid‐phase microextraction fiber based on carbon ceramic composites with copper nanoparticles followed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection was applied for the extraction and determination of some nitro explosive compounds in soil samples. The proposed method provides an overview of trends related to synthesis of solid‐phase microextraction sorbents and their applications in preconcentration and determination of nitro explosives. The sorbents were prepared by mixing of copper nanoparticles with a ceramic composite produced by mixture of methyltrimethoxysilane, graphite, methanol, and hydrochloric acid. The prepared sorbents were coated on copper wires by dip‐coating method. The prepared nanocomposites were evaluated statistically and provided better limits of detection than the pure carbon ceramic. The limit of detection of the proposed method was 0.6 μg/g with a linear response over the concentration range of 2–160 μg/g and square of correlation coefficient >0.992. The new proposed fiber has been demonstrated to be a suitable, inexpensive, and sensitive candidate for extraction of nitro explosive compounds in contaminated soil samples. The constructed fiber can be used more than 100 times without the need for surface generation.     

一定条件下硝酸酯炸药与聚氨酯胶的相互作用研究

用气相质谱(GC-MS)、FTIR对在100℃下处理数十小时后的硝酸酯炸药、聚氨酯胶及二者隔离体系和接触体系的气相组分、凝聚相进行了表征。结果表明:两者直接接触后,彼此之间发生的变化主要由硝酸酯炸药发生分解产生的NO2促使聚氨酯胶的降解并加速自身的分解,聚氨酯胶的降解产物又进一步催化硝酸酯炸药的分解;两者间接接触后,各自释出的气氛对彼此的结构没有影响。     

现场制备的起爆炸药(EIS)的结构剖析

组成;现场制备的起爆炸药(EIS)的结构剖析     

On‐line extraction and determination of two herbicides: Comparison between two modes of three‐phase hollow fiber microextraction

Two different modes of three‐phase hollow fiber liquid‐phase microextraction were studied for the extraction of two herbicides, bensulfuron‐methyl and linuron. In these two modes, the acceptor phases in the lumen of the hollow fiber were aqueous and organic solvents. The extraction and determination were performed using an automated hollow fiber microextraction instrument followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography. For both three‐phase hollow fiber liquid‐phase microextraction modes, the effect of the main parameters on the extraction efficiency were investigated and optimized by central composite design. Under optimal conditions, both modes showed good linearity and repeatability, but the three‐phase hollow fiber liquid‐phase microextraction based on two immiscible organic solvents has a better extraction efficiency and figures of merit. The calibration curves for three‐phase hollow fiber liquid‐phase microextraction with an organic acceptor phase were linear in the range of 0.3–200 and 0.1–150 μg/L and the limits of detection were 0.1 and 0.06 μg/L for bensulfuron‐methyl and linuron, respectively. For the conventional three‐phase hollow fiber liquid‐phase microextraction, the calibration curves were linear in the range of 3.0–250 and 15–400 μg/L and LODs were 1.0 and 5.0 μg/L for bensulfuron‐methyl and linuron, respectively. The real sample analysis was carried out by three‐phase hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction based on two immiscible organic solvents because of its more favorable characteristics.     

H2、CO、CH4混合气体爆炸极限的多元回归分析

H2，CO，CH4是化工生产中常遇到的混合气体，若与空气混合，一定条件下就构成多元爆炸性混合气体，浓度爆炸极限是一个关键性数据。对于多元可燃性混合气体，主要采用Le Chatelier经验方程或对其进行改进后的公式进行估算，但Chatelier经验方程只适用于烃类的混合气体与空气的混合物，对于含氢的多元爆炸性混合气体，预测误差很大。本文对大量的浓度爆炸极限数据进行了多元线性回归分析，建立了爆炸极限预测模型，对于指导多元混合气体支链燃烧与爆炸的理论研究和实践，具有一定的参考价值。     

常见炸药的稳定同位素比值分析方法研究进展

炸药的深度比对与溯源对于爆炸案事件的侦破具有重大意义,以不同地域来源的原料或不同生产工艺生产的炸药,其组成元素的稳定同位素比值具有差异,因而稳定同位素比值可作为炸药深度比对与溯源的重要指标。稳定同位素比值质谱法(IRMS)作为一种高精度的稳定同位素比值测量手段,已逐渐发展成熟,与元素分析仪、气相色谱仪、液相色谱仪等仪器联用,在食品安全、环境保护、法庭科学等领域应用广泛。IRMS在炸药比对与溯源上亦发挥了重要作用,自1975年IRMS被应用于区分不同国家生产的三硝基甲苯(TNT)以来,IRMS已成功用于多种炸药的分析。但目前尚未见有文献系统地总结常见炸药的稳定同位素比值分析研究进展。该文介绍了稳定同位素比值分析的相关原理、仪器组成及特点,分别总结了硝酸铵、黑火药、TNT、太恩、黑索金等常见炸药的稳定同位素比值分析方法,汇总了文献报道的不同国家生产的硝酸铵、黑火药、TNT等炸药的稳定同位素比值。文章就不同炸药的稳定同位素比值差异、炸药生产、存储过程中相关因素对同位素比值的影响,爆炸前后稳定同位素比值的变化情况等内容进行了分析。本文还指出了目前炸药的稳定同位素比值分析研究中存在的问题,对可能的解决办法进行了讨论,对未来的发展方向提出了建议。     

Preparation and selective recognition of a novel solid‐phase microextraction fiber combined with molecularly imprinted polymers for the extraction of parabens in soy sample

A prepared molecularly imprinted polymer with ethyl p‐hydroxybenzoate as template molecule was applied for the first time to a homemade solid‐phase microextraction fiber. The molecularly imprinted polymer‐coated solid‐phase microextraction fiber was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Various parameters were investigated, including extraction temperature, extraction time, and desorption time. Under the optimum extraction conditions, the molecularly imprinted polymer‐coated solid‐phase microextraction fiber exhibited higher selectivity with greater extraction capacity toward parabens compared with the nonimprinted polymer‐coated solid‐phase microextraction fiber and commercial fibers. The molecularly imprinted polymer‐coated solid‐phase microextraction fiber was tested using gas chromatography to determine parabens, including methyl p‐hydroxybenzoate, ethyl p‐hydroxybenzoate, and propyl p‐hydroxybenzoate. The linear ranges were 0.01–10 μg/mL with a correlation coefficient above 0.9943. The detection limits (under signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3) were below 0.30 μg/L. The fiber was successfully applied to the simultaneous analysis of three parabens in spiked soy samples with satisfactory recoveries of 95.48, 97.86, and 92.17%, respectively. The relative standard deviations (n=6) were within 2.83–3.91%. The proposed molecularly imprinted polymer‐coated solid‐phase microextraction method is suitable for selective extraction and determination of trace parabens in food samples.     

Rapid determination of the volatile components in tobacco by ultrasound‐microwave synergistic extraction coupled to headspace solid‐phase microextraction with gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry

An ultrasound‐microwave synergistic extraction coupled to headspace solid‐phase microextraction was first employed to determine the volatile components in tobacco samples. The method combined the advantages of ultrasound, microwave, and headspace solid‐phase microextraction. The extraction, separation, and enrichment were performed in a single step, which could greatly simplify the operation and reduce the whole pretreatment time. In the developed method, several experimental parameters, such as fiber type, ultrasound power, and irradiation time, were optimized to improve sampling efficiency. Under the optimal conditions, there were 37, 36, 34, and 36 components identified in tobacco from Guizhou, Hunan, Yunnan, and Zimbabwe, respectively, including esters, heterocycles, alkanes, ketones, terpenoids, acids, phenols, and alcohols. The compound types were roughly the same while the contents were varied from different origins due to the disparity of their growing conditions, such as soil, water, and climate. In addition, the ultrasound‐microwave synergistic extraction coupled to headspace solid‐phase microextraction method was compared with the microwave‐assisted extraction coupled to headspace solid‐phase microextraction and headspace solid‐phase microextraction methods. More types of volatile components were obtained by using the ultrasound‐microwave synergistic extraction coupled to headspace solid‐phase microextraction method, moreover, the contents were high. The results indicated that the ultrasound‐microwave synergistic extraction coupled to headspace solid‐phase microextraction technique was a simple, time‐saving and highly efficient approach, which was especially suitable for analysis of the volatile components in tobacco.