碳纳米管在样品前处理中的应用

碳纳米管是一维碳基纳米材料,具有独特的管状结构、良好的化学稳定性、热稳定性和高比表面积.近年来,碳纳米管在有机小分子、金属离子和生物大分子分离富集方面得到了广泛的应用.本文综述了碳纳米管及功能化碳纳米管在固相萃取、固相微萃取、中空纤维膜保护固相微萃取和液膜萃取等样品前处理技术中的应用.     

仪器分析综合实验:固相微萃取纤维的制备及在有机氯农药富集和分析中的应用*

设计了一个综合性仪器分析实验:固相微萃取纤维的制备及应用。实验内容包括微孔有机聚合物固相微萃取纤维的制备、红外光谱表征、固相微萃取实验条件优化和气相色谱测定有机氯农药含量等4个部分。通过综合运用多种仪器分析实验手段,加深了学生对分离富集技术的了解,巩固了学生对仪器分析课程中的气相色谱法、红外光谱法相关内容的掌握,培养学生构建一个完整、科学的仪器分析操作流程,形成综合性思维能力。     

固相微萃取技术在农药残留分析中的应用

固相微萃取技术是一种崭新的无溶剂萃取分离技术。文中对影响萃取效果的因素进行了综述，并对固相微萃取技术在农药残留分析中的应用作出概述，引用文献56篇。     

固相微萃取法在禁用偶氮染料检测中的应用初探

将固相微萃取技术应用于出口染色纺织品及皮革制品中禁用偶氮染料检验,偶染料经连二亚硫酸钠还原成芳胺后,用固相微萃取技术萃取富集后,用ＧＣ－ＭＳ分析。实验了萃取方式、萃取纤维、pＨ值、浓度、温度、萃取时间及色谱条件等因素对萃取与测定的影响。     

石墨烯固相微萃取纤维的制备及对多氯联苯的检测

采用溶胶-凝胶方法合成了石墨烯复合材料,将其均匀地涂在铜丝表面制备了石墨烯固相微萃取纤维,结合固相微萃取-气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(SPME-GC-ECD)技术,建立了对环境中类二英多氯联苯(DL-PCBs)的直接测定方法。实验优化了萃取温度、萃取时间、pH值和离子强度等固相微萃取条件。在优化条件下,石墨烯固相微萃取纤维较商品化纤维(100μm PDMS、75μm CAR/PDMS、85μm PA)的萃取效率平均高2倍。对于DL-PCBs分析,该方法在0.05～3.5μg.L-1范围内呈良好线性(除PCB169外,r2均高于0.99),检出限为4.7～8.8 ng.L-1,单个纤维间及纤维与纤维间的相对标准偏差分别为1.4%～8.1%和2.4%～12.8%。该纤维对12种环境样品中DL-PCBs加标0.5μg.L-1和2 ng.g-1的回收率为87%～120%。方法简单、快速、灵敏,可实现对多氯联苯的痕量检测。     

固相微萃取技术在形态分析中的应用进展

形态分析比传统的元素分析能提供更为丰富的信息，成为当今分析化学领域前沿课题之一，而固相微萃取（SPME)是近十年来发展起来的新型分离富集技术，简便快速、无污染、易于和其它技术联用．近几年来才开始将固相微萃取应用到形态分析，二者结合对形态分析的发展具有促进作用，本文就固相微萃取技术在元素有机化合物形态分析中的应用进行了评述．     

固相微萃取技术与环境样品前处理

固相微萃取技术是80 年代末发展起来的一项新型的无溶剂化环境样品前处理技术, 它主要与气相色谱和高效液相色谱联用, 能快速和有效地分析环境样品中的痕量有机污染物。技术从出现至今主要在萃取装置(萃取纤维涂层)、萃取方式及后序分析仪器上有较大的发展和变化, 这使得技术的应用范围不断拓宽。通过对现有文献的总结, 本文还提出了固相微萃取技术今后的发展趋势。     

石墨烯复合材料固相微萃取涂层的制备及其对水样中六六六残留的测定

该文制备了石墨烯复合材料并将其包覆于铜丝上作为萃取纤维,利用固相微萃取／气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(GC-ECD)技术,建立了环境水样中有机氯农药六六六残留的直接测定方法.优化了萃取时间、萃取温度、pH值及离子强度等固相微萃取条件在优化的实验条件下,所制备的纤维对α-六六六、β-六六六、γ-六六六与δ-六六六的加标回收率...     

分子印迹固-液微萃取联用技术检测复杂样品痕量三嗪类除草剂

本文结合分子印迹固相微萃取与中空纤维液相微萃取技术的优点,发展了分子印迹固-液微萃取(MIP-SLME)样品前处理联用技术.设计联用萃取技术装置,以自制的特丁津MIP-SPME涂层研究MIP-SLME技术的萃取条件和萃取性能,建立特丁津MIP-SLME/HPLC联用分析方法,实现复杂生物、环境样品中痕量三嗪类除草剂多残留同时分析.     

选择性固相微萃取涂层的研究进展

固相微萃取装置的核心部分是它的涂层,涂层的种类和厚度是影响分析灵敏度和选择性的最重要因素。具选择性的涂层可增强固相微萃取的分离能力,扩展它的应用范围。本文介绍了固相微萃取的类型,综述了近年来选择性固相微萃取涂层的研究进展,包括溶胶-凝胶涂层、限进介质涂层、分子印迹涂层等涂层的研制及应用。     

宽频介电谱仪电化学工作站功能

电化学分析法是应用电化学原理和技术,利用化学电池内被分析溶液的组成及含量与其电化学性质的关系而建立起来的一类分析方法,常用仪器为具有多功能的电化学工作站. 详细介绍了宽频介电谱仪的电化学工作站功能,包括其仪器结构组成、仪器原理、先进的功能应用及仪器本身独特优势.     

碳纤维上电沉积Pd-Ag合金纳米粒子链及其氢传感性能

在碳纤维上采用三脉冲电沉积的方法制备出钯银合金纳米粒子链.把表面覆盖有Pd-Ag合金纳米粒子链的碳纤维组装成氢气传感器.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线能谱(EDX)表征了合金纳米粒子链的形貌和成分,应用CHI660B电化学工作站测试其氢传感性能.结果表明,在钯、银离子摩尔比为15∶1的电解液中,在-1.0--1.5 V下,成核5-40 ms;在-0.25--0.35 V,生长200-300 s的条件下,即可获得银的质量分数为16.0%-25.0%的钯银合金纳米粒子链阵列.在室温下,传感器对在0.30%-5.00%(φ,体积分数,下同)范围内的氢气有响应,最快响应时间约为300 s,灵敏度最高可达31.0%;氢在0.30%-1.20%的范围内响应电流与氢气浓度成线性关系,超过4.00%时响应电流不再随浓度的增加而变化;在低于3.50%的浓度下氢传感器的重现性良好.     

电化学测试中溶液电阻的自动测量与补偿

由16位DAC器件作为分压器,设计了恒电位仪以及正反馈补偿电路,实现了对溶液电阻的自动测量和补偿,同时采用高阻抗体系对其溶液电阻测量的准确性和补偿效果进行了验证.结果表明,溶液电阻最高补偿值可达1.0×10(8)Ω,在可补偿电阻范围内,自动电阻测量误差最大不超过1.5%,平均误差小于0.5%.本实验设计的电路可以较精确...     

基于纳米CuO敏感材料的电流型NO2传感器研究

采用浸渍技术在多孔的氧化钇稳定的氧化锆(YSZ)中制备了纳米CuO敏感材料,并以其为敏感电极,YSZ为固体电解质,制备了一种新型的电流型NO2传感器。采用X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜表征了NO2传感器的相组成和微观形貌,应用IM6e型电化学工作站测试了其气敏性能。结果表明,CuO颗粒粒径约为100 nm,且与基体结合紧密。在500～600℃时,传感器对NO2表现出良好的敏感性。在极化电压为-300 mV,NO2体积分数为0～5.0×10-4时,传感器的响应电流值与NO2浓度之间呈良好的线性关系。在被测气体总流量为400 cm3/min时,传感器信号90%的响应和恢复时间均为50 s。传感器响应信号在测试时间内具有良好的稳定性。共存气体O2和CO2对传感器的敏感性几乎没有影响。     

Automation of radiochemical analysis by flow injection techniques: Am-Pu separation using TRU-resin™ sorbent extraction column

A rapid automated flow injection analysis (FIA) procedure was developed for efficient separation of Am and Pu from each other and from interfering matrix and radionuclide components using a TRU-resin^™column. Selective Pu elution is enabled via on-column reduction. The separation was developed using on-line radioactivity detection. After the separation had been developed, fraction collection was used to obtain the separated fractions. In this manner, a FIA instrument functions as an automated separation workstation capable of unattended operation.     

测定甲醇合成气中微量硫化物的注意事项

根据微量硫分析仪测定人工煤气中微量硫化物的原理和仪器本身的特点，分析了用该法测定甲醇合成气中微量硫化物时，温度、气体配比等因素对测定结果的影响，指出了测定时应注意的事项。     

Rational design of Cu-based electrocatalysts for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide

The recent development of Cu-based electrocatalysts for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide(CO_2) has attracted much attention due to their unique activity and selectivity compared to other metal catalysts. Particularly, Cu is the unique electrocatalyst for CO_2 electrochemical reduction with high selectivity to generate a variety of hydrocarbons. In this review, we mainly summarize the recent advances on the rational design of Cu nanostructures, the composition regulation of Cu-based alloys, and the exploitation of advanced supports for improving the catalytic activity and selectivity toward electrochemical reduction of CO_2. The special focus is to demonstrate how to enhance the activity and selectivity of Cubased electrocatalyst for CO_2 reduction. The perspectives and challenges for the development of Cu-based electrocatalysts are also addressed. We hope this review can provide timely and valuable insights into the design of advanced electrocatalytic materials for CO_2 electrochemical reduction.     

在铜箔上电辅助制备纳米银及其SERS应用研究

在电化学工作站上以铜箔为工作电极,以硝酸银和PVP混合液作为前驱溶液,利用循环伏安法电辅助制备了纳米银,得到在铜箔上紧密均匀分布的纳米银颗粒聚集体作为SERS基底。通过X射线粉末衍射、X射线光电子能谱、扫描电子显微镜等表征手段,对铜箔上负载的银纳米颗粒进行了形貌和成分的表征,探讨了PVP及电辅助方法对纳米银形貌及基底SERS活性的影响。以4-巯基吡啶和罗丹明6G为探针溶液研究了制备基底的SERS活性,同时还对基底的均匀性进行了研究,结果表明所制备的SERS基底具有良好的性能。     

A versatile amperometric integrator

A wide-range bipolar electrochemical integrator/potentiostat is described. The instrument uses digital logic for timing and switching of analog control and output functions. Digital output is included with variable proportioning for adjustment to concentration units. Currents ranging from a few nA to 10 mA may be monitored and integrated with high precision. The capabilities of the instrument are illustrated by integral monitoring of an enzyme reaction, integration of an organic electrolysis at a solid electrode for a fixed time, and integration of a dropping mercury electrode current over several drop lives.     

Functional Electrospun Nanocomposites for Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Electrospinning with a simple and controllable process has extremely received considerable concerns by virtue of the fabrication and development of nanofibers. Moreover, nanofibers are playing an increasing impact on energy conversion and storage devices, especially for fuel cells based on oxygen reduction reaction(ORR), in view of the rich porosity, large surface area, excellent mass transportation and simply tunable composition, as well as good mechanical strength. In this review, we mainly introduce the primary principle of electrospinning technique, electrochemical reaction mechanism of ORR and synthetic strategies, and summarize the recent advances of unique non-noble-metal nanofibers on the basis of metal-organic framework(MOF) derivatives, single-atom catalysts(SACs) and transition metal oxides. More importantly, we emphasize on the influences of the components, morphology and architecture of advanced electrospun catalysts on their correspon-ding electrochemical performances towards ORR. Finally, the remaining puzzles and perspectives for further development of the electrospinning nanofibers involving electrocatalysis are presented. It is envisioned that this review would offer an important direction in designing novel electrocatalysts based on electrospinning nanofibrous structures and developing their potential.