催化合成4, 4'－亚甲基二苯基二氨基甲酸酯反应中生成的副产物研究

确定了4,4'－亚甲基二苯胺与碳酸二甲酯合成4,4'－亚甲基二苯基二氨基甲酸酯反应中生成的副产物的结构，并在此基础上给出了各副产物的形成机理     

4,4'''',4″,4′″-四磺酸酞菁钼的合成和荧光特性

本文报道4,4′,4″,4′″-四磺酸酞普钼的一种新的固相合成法及其荧光特性。初步研究证明其量子产率高于四磺酸酞菁锌,在已知过渡金属酞菁配合物中最高。     

O4:从猜想到证实

20世纪20年代,美国化学家吉尔伯特·牛顿·路易斯提出O₄分子存在的猜想。20世纪70年代,科学家利用红外光谱和可见光谱发现了由2个O₂分子相互作用形成的O₄二聚体。20世纪80年代,科学家通过理论计算提出存在亚稳态共价O₄分子。共价O₄分子作为氧元素同素异形体被认为是一种潜在的高能量密度材料。2007年,科学家通过评估共价O₄分子的稳定性,确定了共价O₄分子可被实验检测到。O₄的发现史是从猜想到证实的过程,也是科学技术不断进步、科学思想演变发展的过程。     

1,4-丁炔二醇与4,4′-二乙炔联苯共聚物的合成及表征研究

本文用(Ph_3P)_2PdCl_2为催化剂,合成了1,4-丁炔二醇(BD)与4,4-二乙炔联苯(DEBP)共聚物。对用不同比例的两种单体得到的共聚物测定了比重(d_4~(25)、溶胀度(θ_D)、最良溶剂及相邻两交联点之间的平均分子量(M_c)。实验表明,在两种单体摩尔比中,DEBP用量越多,共聚物中泡状微孔越多,颜色越淡,溶胀度和比重越小,交联度越大;DEBP/BD(摩尔比)大于1/5时,共聚物的最良溶剂为苯,溶度参数为9.15卡~(0.5)·cm~(-1.5),是1/10时,其最良溶剂为乙醇,溶度参数是12.7卡~0.5·cm~(-1.5)。对共聚物还做了红外光谱表征。     

NH4VO3在NH4H2PO4-H2O和(NH4)3PO4-H2O体系中的溶解度

采用等温溶解法测定了偏钒酸铵(NH₄VO₃)在NH₄H₂PO₄-H₂O和(NH₄)₃PO₄-H₂O体系中T = 298.15-328.15 K时的溶解度以及溶液的密度和pH值。结果表明, NH₄VO₃的溶解度随着(NH₄)₃PO₄或NH₄H₂PO₄溶液浓度的增大,先降低后升高,这是由于同离子效应、化学反应平衡及离子活度的共同作用。比较T = 298.15K时, NH₄VO₃分别在NH₄H₂PO₄-H₂O、(NH₄)₂HPO₄-H₂O和(NH₄)₃PO₄-H₂O体系中溶解度,发现在相同的磷酸盐浓度下, NH₄VO₃的溶解度在NH₄H₂PO₄-H₂O体系中最大,在(NH₄)₃PO₄-H₂O体系中居中,在(NH₄)₂HPO₄-H₂O体系中最小。进一步地,在T = 298.15 K和磷酸盐浓度C = 0.5 mol·kg^-1时,结合pH值和反应溶度积常数K_SP等计算三个体系中的平均离子活度系数(γ_±),发现γ_±值在(NH₄)₂HPO₄-H₂O体系中最大,在(NH₄)₃PO₄-H₂O体系中居中,在NH₄H₂PO₄-H₂O体系中最小,与溶解度规律一致。     

葡萄汁酵母SW-58不对称还原4，4，4-三氟乙酰乙酸乙酯的研究

对实验室保藏菌种进行筛选,得到一株葡萄汁酵母Saccharoinyces uvarum SW-58,能够催化还原4,4,4-三氟乙酰乙酸乙酯生成(R)-4,4,4-三氟-3-羟基丁酸乙酯。在优化条件下,摩尔转化率达到77.0%,产物的对映体纯度88.9%e.e.,产物浓度达到15.7 g/L,产物浓度得到了显著的提高,达到优化前的3.3倍。     

4,4'-二氨基三苯胺的合成与纯化

以苯胺和对硝基氯苯为原料,K2CO3作催化剂,合成出了中间产物4,4'-二硝基三苯胺(DNTPA).将中间产物用10%(质量分数)的Pd/C催化剂加氢催化还原,得到纯度为96.6%的目标产物4,4'-二氨基三苯胺(DATPA),合成总产率为38%.与其它方法相比,该方法原料便宜易得,纯度很高,产物可作为反应的单体原料.     

用二氧化硫脲合成4-甲基-4′-氨基二苯醚的研究

4甲基4′氨基二苯醚是合成农药、染(颜)料、医药的重要中间体.传统的制备方法是由4 甲基4′硝基化合物(简称硝基物)在盐酸存在下用二氯化锡还原得到[1] ,该方法工艺成熟、产品质量好,但产率低,污染严重.陈其亮等报道了由硝基物催化加氢的方法[2],但存在设备投资大,操作繁锁等缺点.二氧化硫脲(Thiourea dioxide ,简称TD)是一种非常优良的还原剂,已广泛应用于有机合成的许多方面[3,4],但应用于标题化合物的制备未见报道,本文对此进行了研究,收到较好效果.合成路线如下:     

Synthesis and mesomorphic properties of 4-(4-bromopropyloxy)-4’-(4-alkyloxybenzylidene)anilines

This article describes the preparation and liquid crystalline properties of a new homologous series of 4-（4-bromopropyloxy）-4’- （4-alkyloxybenzylidene）anilines in which the phenyl ring is armed by a bromopropyloxy chain.The thermal behavior and mesomorphic properties of the synthesized compounds were studied with particular attention given to the correlation between their phase transition temperatures and anisotropic change influenced by molecular structure.All the members displayed enantiotropic smectic phase except for the homologue with the longest alkyloxy chain(R = C₁₈H₃₇),exhibiting only monotropic characteristic. The presence of bromine atom from the propyloxy side chain is found to be capable of altering and influencing the mesomorphic properties.     

Selective catalytic oxidation of NO over iron and manganese oxides supported on mesoporous silica

The selective catalytic oxidation （SCO） of NO was studied on a catalyst consisting of iron-manganese oxide supported on mesoporous silica （MPS） with different Mn/Fe ratios. Effects of the amount of manganese and iron, oxygen, and calcination temperature on NO conversion were also investigated. It was found that the Mn-Fe/MPS catalyst with a Mn/Fe molar ratio of 1 showed the highest activity at the calcination temperature of 400 °C. The results showed that over this catalyst, NO conversion reached 70% under the condition of 280 °C and a space velocity of 5000 h-1. SO2 and H2O had no adverse impact on the reaction activity when the SCO reaction temperature was above 240 °C. In addition, the SCO activity was suppressed gradually in the presence of SO2 and H2O below 240 °C, and such an effect was reversible after heating treatment.     

焙烧与预处理条件对 Co3O4 催化氧化 CO 性能的影响

采用沉淀法制备了 Co₃O₄, 考察了焙烧和预处理条件对其结构、低温催化氧化 CO 性能的影响. 热重分析表明, 未经焙烧的样品以 Co(OH)₂CO₃ 的形式存在, 150~400 ^oC 空气气氛中焙烧后, 样品以立方相 Co₃O₄ 的形式存在. N2 吸附-脱附法、X 射线衍射、透射电镜及活性测试结果表明, 以纳米颗粒物存在的 Co₃O₄ 的比表面积、颗粒尺寸、催化氧化 CO 活性与焙烧温度密切相关. 正电子湮没寿命谱、O₂-程序升温脱附与定温条件下 CO 氧化测试结果表明, 合适温度 (150~250 ^oC) 下 N₂ 预处理有利于 Co₃O₄ 表面氧空穴团的形成, 它在吸附活化分子氧以及 CO 催化氧化反应中起到关键作用. 同时讨论了预处理作用下Co₃O₄表面氧空穴的再构机制.     

载体焙烧温度对RuO_2/TiO_2催化HCl氧化性能的影响

以不同温度焙烧TiO(OH)_2得到的TiO_2为载体,采用湿法浸渍法制备RuO_2/TiO_2-C(C=450、550、650及750℃)催化剂,利用XRD、N_2吸附-脱附、TEM和H_2-TPR等表征手段研究催化剂的物理化学性质,并对其在HCl氧化反应中的催化性能进行考察.结果表明:载体焙烧温度对催化剂的结构与活性有显著影响.随着载体焙烧温度(≤650℃)的升高,RuO_2与TiO_2之间的晶面匹配度逐渐变高,促进了RuO_2在TiO_2表面的分散,其中RuO_2/TiO_2-650催化剂表现出最优的催化性能.而当载体焙烧温度过高时,RuO_2/TiO_2-750催化剂的反应活性大大下降,可能是由于过高的焙烧温度导致载体出现严重的烧结团聚现象,以及RuO_2与TiO_2之间过强的相互作用,阻碍了HCl氧化反应的进行.此外,减小RuO_2的粒径可以促进HCl氧化活性的提升.动力学结果显示,催化剂表面的HCl氧化反应主要受O_2分压的影响,表明O_2从催化剂表面的解离吸附为决速步骤.     

负载型Au-Pd双金属催化剂的制备及其对CO氧化的催化活性

采用改性的等体积浸渍法制备了SiO2负载的Au-Pd双金属催化剂,考察了催化剂的焙烧温度对CO氧化反应活性的影响.与623,723和773K的条件下焙烧的催化剂相比,673K焙烧的催化剂具有良好的催化CO氧化活性,CO完全转化温度低于398K.应用N2物理吸附、X射线衍射、程序升温还原、CO程序升温脱附及X射线光电子能谱等技术对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,673K焙烧的催化剂具有最大的比表面积和最小的孔径,存在Au0,Pd0和PdO相,AuxPdy合金相很少;而773K焙烧的催化剂上除了含有Au0,Pd0和PdO相外,还存在明显的AuxPdy合金相.具有大比表面积,小孔径,Au0,Pd0和PdO多相共存的催化剂可使CO的吸附量增加,催化活性提高;而AuxPdy合金相的生成并不能提高催化剂的催化活性.     

STUDIES OF MULTICOMPONENT COMPLEX OXIDE CATALYSTS FOR OXIDATIVE COUPLING OF METHANE VII.EFFECT OF CALCINATION TEMPERATURE ON Ti-La-Li PEROVSKITE-TYPE OXIDE CATALYSTS

The correlations of the calcination temperature.structure and catalvtic activity of the LiLa_（0.5）Ti_（0.5）O_(2-(?)) catalvsts with main phase and major active phase of perovskite-type trmary complex oxide LaTi_(l-y)Li_yO_(3-λ）m the Oxidative coupling of methane(OCM)have been studied The surface and bulk structures of the catalysts were characterized by means of XRD,XPS. IR.BFT and so on. The results clearly indicated that the effect of calcination temperature on the activity for the oxidative coupling of methaneis twofold On one hand.high calcination temperature is favoragble for Lisubstitution for Ti~(3 )into the lattice of LaTiO_3 and the production of moreoxygen vacancies at which active oxygen species are formed However,excessivelv high calcmation temperature makes Li~ substitution for Ti~(3 )less due to a httle change of structure or phases of the catalvst On the otherhand,the conversion of CH_4 drops because of the decrease of surface area,when the calcination temperature is raised.     

Oxygen exchange properties in the new pyrochlore solid solution Ce2Sn2O7-Ce2Sn2O8

The phase-pure cerium stannate pyrochlore (Ce₂Sn₂O₇) has been prepared for the first time. The structure and oxidation states of both cations were carefully reviewed, and the compound was unambiguously replaced within the rare-earth stannate series. As a consequence of the low stability of trivalent cerium in oxide phases, one oxygen per formula unit could be intercalated by calcination under O₂ at 400 °C, leading to the new Ce₂Sn₂O₈ pyrochlore. This latter phase is subject to oxygen under-stoichiometry from 400 to 700 °C. However, oxygen deintercalation seems to be in competition with cerium oxide segregation at high temperature, leading to the formation of cerium deficient pyrochlore phases.     

氧化铈气凝胶担载氧化铜催化剂上的一氧化碳氧化

 以一氧化碳氧化为探针反应,考察了氧化铈气凝胶担载氧化铜催化剂的催化活性,研究了催化剂中氧化铜的含量、载体及催化剂的焙烧温度对催化剂活性的影响．结果表明,氧化铈气凝胶担载的氧化铜催化剂对一氧化碳氧化反应呈现出高催化活性,适当温度下焙烧载体及催化剂有利于提高催化剂的催化活性;随着催化剂中氧化铜含量的增加,一氧化碳完全转化的温度降低,但当w（CuO）＞12％时,过量的氧化铜以体相形式而不是以高分散形式存在,对催化剂活性的影响很小．     

焙烧温度对V2O5/CNTs-TiO2催化剂脱氯性能的影响

用浓硝酸纯化改性碳纳米管(CNTs),以钛酸四丁酯为原料,通过溶胶-凝胶法制备碳纳米管-氧化钛(CNTs-TiO₂)复合载体并浸渍制得V₂O₅/CNTs-TiO₂催化剂,重点考察了制备过程中焙烧温度对催化剂催化氧化活性的影响.利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)仪、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)仪和紫外-可见(UV-Vis)分光光度计等对催化剂材料的结构、形貌和表面化学性质进行了表征分析.结果表明,硝酸处理后的碳纳米管纯度和石墨化程度增加, 450 ℃焙烧温度制备得到的催化剂活性组分分散度好, V₂O₅/CNTs-TiO₂催化剂中钒钛氧均以有利于催化反应的价态存在;催化剂表面活性氧的含量最高,催化剂表现出很好的电子迁移与氧移动的能力,从而提高催化剂的催化活性.实验表明,在250 ℃、催化剂用量为0.2 g、N₂ (80%) + O₂ (20%)下催化降解六氯苯(HCB)的效率可达到94.78%左右,并在24 h内保持很好的稳定性.     

正丁烷选择氧化中V—P—O催化剂的晶相和选择性

测定了一系列V-P-O催化剂的丁烷选择氧化总转化率、顺酐选择性和生成速率。用XRD和FT-IR仪对催化剂进行晶相分析。用化学滴定法测定催化剂中钒的平均价态。结果表明,晶形良好的(VO)_2P_2O_2和部分α-VOSO_4的混合物可能是丁烷选择氧化的必要活性相。     

Effect of heat treatment on the physico-chemical properties and catalytic activity of manganese nodules leached residue towards decomposition of hydrogen peroxide

The effect of calcination temperature on the physico-chemical characterization of manganese nodule leached residue (MNLR) and water-washed manganese nodule leached residue (WMNLR) has been investigated on the basis of chemical analysis, XRD, TG-DTA, FTIR, surface hydroxyl groups, surface oxygen, reducing and oxidizing sites, surface area. XRD and IR confirm the presence of amorphous iron oxyhydroxides, delta-MnO2, which are converted to alpha-Fe2O3 and gamma-Mn2O3 phases above 400 degrees C of calcination, respectively. A solid solution of Fe2O3 and Mn2O3 is formed above 700 degrees C. The surface area, surface hydroxyl group, surface oxygen, reducing and oxidizing sites increase with the increase in calcination temperature up to 400 degrees C and then decrease with further rise in calcination temperature up to 700 degrees C. The catalytic activity of the sample towards H2O2 decomposition shows the similar trend as surface properties. A suitable Mn(3+)Mn4+ couple favours H2O2 decomposition reaction. The activity has been correlated with various physico-chemical properties.