油酸包覆纳米铝粉/黑索今复合体系的热行为及非等温分解反应动力学

在氮气气氛下,采用油酸(OA)对纳米铝粉(nmAl)进行了表面包覆处理,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱对其形貌和结构进行了表征.用差示扫描量热(DSC)对油酸包覆前后的纳米铝粉与黑索今(RDX)构成的复合体系[nmAl/RDX和(nmAl+OA)/RDX]的热分解反应动力学进行了研究,得到了动力学参数和动力学方程.结果表明,大量油酸以物理吸附的方式吸附在纳米铝粉表面,少量油酸与纳米铝粉表面铝原子发生了化学反应,以化学键合的形式附着在纳米铝粉表面.与nmAl/RDX复合体系相比,(nmAl+OA)/RDX复合体系在不同升温速率下的分解峰峰温都相对降低,分解反应的表观活化能(Ea)和指前因子(A)分别为141.18kJ·mol-1和1012.57s-1,分解反应机理为三维扩散,服从n=1/2的Jander方程,其动力学方程为dα/dt=1013.35(1-α)2/3[1-(1-α)1/3]1/2e-16981.0/T.     

低熔点DNAN/RDX混合材料的热行为及分解机理

利用动态测压热分析法(DPTA)、差式扫描量热法(DSC)、热重分析法(TG)、热烤法研究了低熔点含能材料DNAN/RDX的热行为和分解机理。研究得到结论：1)DPTA法测试结果表明DNAN/RDX的热安定性较好；在固相分解阶段，运用Satava-Sestak法得出20～100℃时非等温固相分解阶段机理函数为G(α)=[(1-α)^-1/3-1]²,E_S=85.64 kJ/mol, lgA_s=11.57;等温阶段的等温分解动力学机理函数为G(α)=[(1-α)^1/3,反应速率常数k=1.515 32×10^-4。2)DSC法和TG法研究结果表明RDX主要为熔融液相形式分解，DNAN主要为气相形式分解；混合体系中RDX促进了DNAN的分解过程，DNAN/RDX的受热质量损失过程主要为DNAN的挥发过程和RDX的热分解过程。运用DSC法研究升温速率为5℃/min时DNAN/RDX的热分解过程，普适积分法得出在224～320℃范围内的分解过程机理函数为G(α)=[-...     

新型无卤阻燃剂双酚S-二(5,5-二甲基-1,3-二氧杂己内磷酸酯)的热分解动力学研究

以TG-DTG为手段,研究了双酚S-二(5,5-二甲基-1,3-二氧杂己内磷酸酯)(FR)在氮气气氛中的热分解动力学,利用Kissinger和Flynn-Wall-Ozawa(FWO)法对FR进行热分解动力学分析,求出了该物质的热分解动力学参数.结果表明,Kissinger法所求得的活化能为190.16 kJ.mol-1,指前因子lgAk为17.42 s-1;FWO法所求得的活化能为198.48 kJ.mol-1.Coats-Redfern方法得到其热分解动力学方程为g(α)=(1-α)-2.     

含能配位聚合物[Cu(tza)2]n的晶体结构、热分析、感度和催化性能

以碱式碳酸铜和四氮唑乙酸在水中反应制备得到四唑乙酸铜(II)含能配位聚合物, 并培养出单晶. 运用元素分析, FT-IR分析和X-射线单晶衍射对标题配合物的组成和结构进行了全面的表征. 采用差示扫描量热分析(DSC)和热重-微分热重分析(TG-DTG)研究了标题配合物的热分解过程, 表明标题配合物的热分解主要包含三个放热峰. 用Kissinger和Ozawa-Doyle法对标题配合物的第一放热分解过程进行了动力学研究, 计算得到其活化能为356.1 kJ/mol. 对配合物的撞击、摩擦、火焰感度和5s爆发点测试表明该配合物具有一定的感度, 有望作为含能材料应用于相关领域. 同时研究了标题配合物对RDX热分解的影响, 结果表明: 标题配合物可以使RDX的放热分解峰的温度提前16.4 ℃,分解速度加快, 对RDX具有良好的催化作用.     

硝酸舍他康唑的热分解机理及动力学

采用热重法(TG)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)测定了硝酸舍他康唑(STCZ)在氮气氛和空气氛中的热分解过程,结果表明STCZ的热分解过程是一个三阶段过程。运用量子化学GAMESS软件计算了STCZ分子的键级,测定了STCZ及其在热分解过程中不同阶段残留物的红外光谱,推断了STCZ的热分解机理,起始步骤是硝酸的分解。根据不同升温速率下的热重曲线计算得到STCZ第一阶段热分解反应的动力学参数,在氮气中,表观活化能Ea=222.2 kJ.mol-1,指前因子A=4.467×1024min-1,在空气中,表观活化能Ea=177.2 kJ.mol-1,指前因子A=1.738×1019min-1。推算了不同使用温度下STCZ的预期寿命。     

电解液组成对尖晶石LiMn_2O_4中锂离子嵌脱过程的影响

运用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)研究了尖晶石LiMn2O4正极在1mol·L-1LiPF6-EC(碳酸乙烯酯)∶DEC(碳酸二乙酯)∶DMC(碳酸二甲酯),1mol·L-1LiPF6-EC∶DEC∶EMC(碳酸甲乙酯)和1mol·L-1LiPF6-EC∶DMC三种不同电解液中,-20-20℃范围内的阻抗谱特征随温度的变化.研究结果表明,温度强烈影响尖晶石LiMn2O4正极的阻抗谱特征,而电解液组成对尖晶石LiMn2O4正极阻抗谱特征的影响较小,但电解液组成对锂离子在尖晶石LiMn2O4正极中嵌入脱出过程相关动力学参数影响较大.测得尖晶石LiMn2O4正极在上述三种电解液中,锂离子迁移通过固体电解质相界面(SEI)膜的离子跳跃能垒平均值分别为7.60、16.40和18.40kJ·mol-1;电子电导率的热激活化能平均值分别为44.77、35.47和68.06kJ·mol-1;嵌入反应活化能平均值分别为52.19、46.19和69.86kJ·mol-1.     

盐酸异丙肾上腺素与牛血清蛋白相互作用的光谱研究

本研究采用紫外和荧光光谱分析法研究了生理pH条件下盐酸异丙肾上腺素(HAI)与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)在不同温度(25℃和37℃)下的相互作用。实验结果表明,HAI使BSA紫外吸收峰增强,并使BSA的特征荧光峰猝灭,表明HAI与BSA形成结合物。HAI对BSA荧光猝灭机制为静态猝灭,属于单位点结合。25℃时两者之间的结合常数为7.41×103L·mol-1,ΔG为-22.10 kJ·mol-1,ΔH为25.86 kJ·mol-1,ΔS为940 J·mol-1。37℃时的结合常数为4.26×105L·mol-1,ΔH和ΔS与25℃时相同,ΔG为-33.41 kJ·mol-1。以上热力学参数表明HAI与BSA之间的结合属自发过程,两者之间的作用力以疏水作用为主。根据Fster非辐射能量转移理论计算出HAI与BSA间的结合距离为2.503nm。     

四元体系RbCl-CeCl3-HCl-H2O(25 ℃)的相平衡及其新相化合物

测定了四元体系RbCl-CeCl3-HCl-H2O在25℃时的溶度数据, 绘制了相应的溶度图. 该四元体系是由3个固相区RbCl(原始盐), RbCl·CeCl3·4H2O, CeCl3·7H2O(原始盐)组成的复杂体系, 其中RbCl·CeCl3 ·4H2O是固液同成分溶解度的化合物. 在相平衡结果指导下, 制备了化合物RbCl·CeCl3 ·4H2O, 并对其进行了X射线粉末衍射鉴定和热重分析, 结果表明, 该化合物在84～216 ℃通过两步失去其结晶水. 用RD496-Ⅲ-2000微量热计测定了298.15 K下新相化合物在水中的溶解焓(-23.70±0.11) kJ·mol-1, 计算出其标准摩尔生成焓为(-2735.6±1.1) kJ·mol-1.     

1,3,5-三硝基-六氢化-1,3,5-三嗪-2(1H)-酮(Keto-RDX)新法合成、晶体结构和热性能研究

研究了1,3,5-三硝基-六氢化-1,3,5-三嗪-2(1H)-酮(Keto-RDX)的合成新方法,以乌洛托品和硝基胍为原料,通过Mannich反应得到2-硝亚胺基-六氢化-1,3,5-三嗪盐酸盐(NIHT·HCl),用HNO3/AC2O硝化可得Keto-RDX,并采用核磁共振、红外、质谱以及元素分析等进行了结构表征.培养了Keto-RDX单晶,晶体结构解析表明:晶体属于正交晶系,空间群Pnma,晶胞参数a=1.0057(17)nm,b=1.3483(2)nm,c=0.5982(10)nm,V=0.8112(2)nm3,Z=4,Dc=1.933 g/cm3,μ=0.188 mm-1,F(000)=480.差示扫描量热(DSC)法和热失重(TG/DTG)法分析表明,Keto-RDX分解峰温为211.4℃(DSC),在185.00～202.79℃为固相分解阶段,峰温为198.61℃,质量损失为21.45%,在202.79～230.00℃为液相分解阶段,质量损失为77.83%,峰温为213.78℃,热稳定性较RDX差.     

光谱法及热动力学法研究环糊精与三氟氯氰菊酯的包合作用

制备了β-环糊精(β-CD)-三氟氯氰菊酯(CHL)包合物,采用差示扫描量热分析法和核磁共振波谱法对包合物进行表征.实验采用1HNMR研究包合物的空间结构,推测出三氟氯氰菊酯同β-CD的包合方式是从大口端进入β-CD.用化学软件对β-CD与CHL包合方式计算发现,CHL从β-CD的大口端和小口端进入,总能量分别为108.1kJ/mol与129.2kJ/mol,表明CHL从β-CD的大口端进入形成的包合物能量最低,结构最稳定.在25℃下,实验测得β-CD-三氟氯氰菊酯包合物形成常数为340.6L?mol-1,包合比是1∶1.热动力学方法研究了温度变化对包合反应的影响,计算得出包合过程的焓变-50.29kJ?mol-1、熵变120.6J?K-1?mol-1及自由能变化-14.45kJ?mol-1,进而确定了包合反应的主要驱动力是焓.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.