果汁中有机磷农药残留的动态液相微萃取/气相色谱法检测

应用动态液相微萃取与气相色谱联用技术建立了果汁中3种有机磷农药(敌敌畏、甲基对硫磷、对硫磷)的快速分析方法.考察了萃取溶剂、溶剂体积、萃取次数、水样pH值以及离子强度对液相微萃取的影响.3种有机磷农药的线性范围均为40 ～400 μg·L-1,富集倍数22.3 ～51.5,回收率80% ～120%,相对标准偏差2.0% ～8.1%,检出限12.2 ～20.6 μg·L-1.     

山药中有机氯杀虫剂的自制碳纳米管探头顶空固相微萃取/气相色谱分析

以碳纳米管为固相涂层,自制萃取探头,顶空固相微萃取/气相色谱分析山药中有机氯杀虫剂六六六和滴滴涕.对萃取温度、萃取时间、样品的稀释度及离子强度等影响萃取效率的因素进行了优化.方法的线性范围为0.5 ～6.0 μg·L-1,相关系数r>0.992 1,检出限(S/N=3)为1.98 ～12.24 ng·L-1,样品加标回收率为70% ～120%,相对标准偏差为1.76% ～18.15%.     

动态液相微萃取-气相色谱法测定水样中残留有机磷农药

应用动态液相微萃取与气相色谱联用技术测定了水样中3种有机磷农药(敌敌畏、甲基对硫磷、对硫磷).考察了萃取溶剂、溶剂体积、萃取次数、水样pH值以及离子强度对液相微萃取的影响.该方法甲基对硫磷、对硫磷的线性范围在30～70μg·L-1之间,敌敌畏的线性范围在40～70μg·L-1之间,回收率在84.9%～103.0%之间,相对标准偏差(n=7)在5.1%～9.4%之间,检出限(3S/N)为26.5～35.7μg·L-1.     

顶空液相微萃取-气相色谱法测定盐酸雷尼替丁中二氯甲烷和三氯甲烷的残留量

采用顶空液相微萃取与气相色谱联用技术测定雷尼替丁中二氯甲烷和三氯甲烷的残留量。自制了萃取液保护装置。考察了萃取溶剂的种类、萃取时间、萃取温度、萃取液的体积对二氯甲烷和三氯甲烷萃取效果的影响。以正十三烷为萃取剂,在60 ℃下萃取30 min,萃取液滴体积2 μL。二氯甲烷含量在1～10 μg/g范围内与色谱峰高呈线性关系,相关系数(r2)为0.9733;三氯甲烷含量在1～10 μg/g范围内与色谱峰高呈线性关系,r2为0.9724。二氯甲烷和三氯甲烷的最低检出限分别为0.0273 μg/g和0.0410 μg/g,加标回收率分别为93.6%～102%和98.1%～103%。方法简便易行,测定结果准确。     

液相微萃取-气相色谱法测定水样中微量酚类污染物

提出了一种静态液相微萃取与气相色谱联用技术测定水样中微量酚类污染物的方法.以苯酚为代表,考察了萃取溶剂种类和用量、搅拌速度、萃取时间、pH值及离子强度对酚类化合物的静态液相微萃取效率的影响.优化的萃取条件为:3.0μL甲苯为萃取剂(对硝基甲苯为内标),搅拌速度150 r·min-1,萃取时间20 min,pH为2.2,离子强度为200 g·L-1氯化钠溶液.在优化的萃取和色谱条件下,苯酚和氯酚的线性范围分别为0.02～20.00 mg·L-1和0.02～10.00 mg·L-1,检出限(3S/N)为0.01 mg·L-1.用此方法分析了一种湖水样品中的酚类污染物,并以此样品为基体进行回收及精密度试验,测得平均回收率为93.7%,相对标准偏差(n=7)为6.3%.     

顶空液相微萃取/气相色谱-质谱对中药枳壳中有机挥发物的快速分析

建立了顶空液相微萃取/气相色谱-质谱联用测定中药枳壳中有机挥发物的方法.在顶空液相微萃取实验条件优化的基础上,确定了最佳实验条件:以正辛烷作为有机萃取剂,体积为2 μL,样品用量为0.3 g,液滴距离样品表面0.8 cm处,萃取8 min后直接进样.与固相微萃取/气相色谱-质谱法相比,顶空液相微萃取法定性了30种成分,固相微萃取法定性了24种成分,顶空液相微萃取法操作简单、快速,实验结果灵敏度更高,且萃取效率高,重复性好,可用于中药枳壳中有机挥发物的快速分析.     

顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定水中四乙基铅

提出了顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定水中四乙基铅含量的方法。为使固相微萃取达到更高的效率,选用聚二甲基硅氧烷填料(PDMS)作为微萃取的涂层,萃取温度及时间为60℃和30min。用DB-5色谱柱分离,用电子捕获检测器检测。四乙基铅的质量浓度在0.05～20.0μg·L-1范围内与峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.02μg·L-1。以水样为基体,在3种浓度水平下进行加标回收试验,回收率在87.0%～90.1%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)在3.7%～4.2%之间。     

基于离子液体的液相微萃取技术对纺织品中22种致癌芳香胺的测定

采用以离子液体为萃取剂的液相微萃取,对纺织品检测国家标准方法(GB/T 17592-2006)中纺织品样品前处理方法进行了改进,建立了纺织品中源于偶氮染料的芳香胺的提取新方法.比较了直接浸入式微萃取和溶剂棒微萃取模式的萃取效果,确定以溶剂棒微萃取为微萃取模式.并优化了液相微萃取条件:以正辛醇为有机萃取溶剂,离子液体为接收相,给出相pH值为10并添加饱和NaCl溶液,搅拌速率为1 000 r/min,萃取时间为40 min.参照纺织品检测国家标准方法,采用高效液相色谱法对所公布的22种致癌芳香胺进行了定性、定量测定.结果表明,该方法的线性范围宽,相关系数r＞0.995 1,检出限(S/N=3)为0.01 ～2.13 μg/L,相对标准偏差小于4.5%( n=8);回收率为82% ～94%,8种芳香胺的富集倍数为5.7 ～270.0.与纺织品检测国家标准方法相比,该方法简单、快速,并显示了较好的富集效果和高的回收率.     

顶空单滴液相微萃取-气相色谱法测定水中苯胺类化合物

提出了气相色谱法测定水中苯胺、N,N-二甲基苯胺、邻甲苯胺、间甲苯胺等4种苯胺类化合物含量的方法。顶空单滴液相微萃取的优化条件如下:萃取剂为正己烷,萃取温度为25℃,液滴离萃取瓶内液面高度为2.0cm,萃取时间为13min,搅拌速率为400r·min-1。4种苯胺类化合物的质量浓度在0.100~1.00μg·L-1范围内与峰面积呈线性关系,检出限在0.006~0.014μg·L-1之间。方法用于水样分析,加标回收率在90.0%~115%之间,测定值的的相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于10%。     

食品包装用塑料袋中残留苯系物的快速检测

利用顶空技术,采用质谱法测定,建立了一种快速测定食品包装用塑料袋中残留苯系物的质谱分析方法.苯同系物的基峰峰高与其浓度在以下范围呈线性关系0.29～29.36 μg·L-1(苯),0.29～28.87 μg·L-1(甲苯),0.29～28.67 μg·L-1(二甲苯);检出限依次为0.017,0.004,0.009 μg·L-1.回收率为91.0%～103.6%,相对标准偏差小于3.5%.     

环境水样中百菌清残留的单滴微萃取-反相液相色谱测定

应用单滴微萃取(SDME)-反相液相色谱(RPLC)检测了环境水样中的百菌清残留.优化了单滴微萃取条件:环己烷萃取剂6 μL、单滴体积2 μL、搅拌速率350 r/min、萃取时间40 min、水溶液温度35 ℃、无盐度.水样经单滴微萃取后,使用Hypersil C18柱反相液相色谱分离测定百菌清.反相液相色谱条件:100%甲醇流动相、流速1.0 mL/min、柱温25 ℃、224 nm检测.方法的线性范围、检出限、相对标准偏差和富集倍数分别为1.0 ～50 μg/L、0.02 μg/L、6.1%和427倍.采用该法对环境水样中的百菌清残留进行了测定,环境水样的加标回收率为98% ～106%.     

Determination of decabromodiphenyl ether in water samples by single-drop microextraction and RP-HPLC

This paper describes the development of a new method using single-drop microextraction (SDME) and RP-HPLC for the determination of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) in water samples. The effects of SDME parameters such as extraction solvent, microdrop volume, extraction time, stirring speed, salt concentration, and sample pH on the extraction performance are investigated. Under optimal extraction conditions (extraction solvent, toluene; solvent drop volume, 3.0 microL; extraction time, 15 min; stirring speed, 600 rpm; no addition of salt and change of sample pH), the calibration curve was drawn by plotting peak area against a series of BDE-209 concentrations (0.001-1 microg/mL) in aqueous solution; the correlation coefficient (r) was 0.9998. The limit of detection was 0.7 ng/mL. The enrichment factor was 10.6. The precision of this method was obtained by six successive analyses of a 100 ng/mL standard solution of BDE-209, and RSD was 4.8%. This method was successfully applied to the extraction of BDE-209 from tap and East Lake water samples with relative recoveries ranging from 92.5 to 102.8% and from 91.5 to 96.2%, respectively, and the relative standard deviations (n = 3) were 4.4 and 2.2%. The proposed method is acceptable for the analysis of BDE-209 in water samples.     

Simultaneous extraction and quantification of lamotrigine,phenobarbital, and phenytoin in human plasma and urine samples using solidified floating organic drop microextraction and high‐performance liquid chromatography

A novel and simple method based on solidified floating organic drop microextraction followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection has been developed for simultaneous preconcentration and determination of phenobarbital, lamotrigine, and phenytoin in human plasma and urine samples. Factors affecting microextraction efficiency such as the type and volume of the extraction solvent, sample pH, extraction time, stirring rate, extraction temperature, ionic strength, and sample volume were optimized. Under the optimum conditions (i.e. extraction solvent, 1‐undecanol (40 μL); sample pH, 8.0; temperature, 25°C; stirring rate, 500 rpm; sample volume, 7 mL; potassium chloride concentration, 5% and extraction time, 50 min), the limits of detection for phenobarbital, lamotrigine, and phenytoin were 1.0, 0.1, and 0.3 μg/L, respectively. Also, the calibration curves for phenobarbital, lamotrigine, and phenytoin were linear in the concentration range of 2.0–300.0, 0.3–200.0, and 1.0–200.0 μg/L, respectively. The relative standard deviations for six replicate extractions and determinations of phenobarbital, lamotrigine, and phenytoin at 50 μg/L level were less than 4.6%. The method was successfully applied to determine phenobarbital, lamotrigine, and phenytoin in plasma and urine samples.     

微滴液相微萃取技术用于气相色谱-质谱法分析药品中的酞酸酯和对羟基苯甲酸酯

用微滴液相微萃取(SDME)与气相色谱-离子阱质谱联用测定药品中的酞酸酯和对羟基苯甲酸酯。考察了萃取溶剂的种类及用量、微液滴在样品溶液中的深度、萃取时间及搅拌子的搅拌速度对微滴液相微萃取效果的影响。优化的萃取条件:萃取溶剂为1.5 μL甲苯,微液滴在样品溶液中的深度为0.8 cm,搅拌子的搅拌速度为1000 r/min,萃取时间为20 min。该方法的线性范围为0.032~80 mg/L,检出限为0.6 μg/L~1.28 mg/L,加标回收率为95.85%~148.85%,相对标准偏差为3.9%~14.9%。     

三相中空纤维膜液相微萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水中痕量双酚A

建立了三相中空纤维膜液相微萃取-高效液相色谱(HF-LPME-HPLC)方法,用于分析测定水中痕量双酚A的含量.设计了三相中空纤维膜液相微萃取系统,优化的HP-LPME最佳萃取条件为:萃取剂为正辛醇,接受相NaOH浓度为0.09 mol/L,样品溶液pH=4.0,NaC1加入量为30 g/L,搅拌速度为900 r/min,萃取时间为60 min.萃取后取20 μL接受相进行色谱分析.在最佳萃取条件下,方法的线性范围为0.5～200 μg/L(r＞ 0.999),检出限(信噪比为3)为0.2 μg/L;富集因子为241;方法RSD＜3.2％ (n=3).在实际环境水样中添加5,20和50μg/L的双酚A标准物质,加标平均回收率为92.8％～101.9％.表明本方法可用于水中痕量双酚A的快速准确测定.     

Capillary electrophoretic determination of ammonia using headspace single-drop microextraction

A new method involving headspace single-drop microextraction (SDME) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) is developed for the preconcentration and determination of ammonia (as dissolved NH₃ and ammonium ion). An aqueous microdrop (5 μL) containing 1 mmol/L H₃PO₄ and 0.5 mmol/L KH₂PO₄ (as internal standard) was used as the acceptor phase. Common experimental parameters (sample and acceptor phase pH, extraction temperature, extraction time) affecting the extraction efficiency were investigated. Proposed SDME-CE method provided about 14-fold enrichment in about 20 min. The calibration curve was linear for concentrations of NH₄⁺ in the range from 5 to 100 μmol/L (R² = 0.996). The LOD (S / N = 3) was estimated to be 1.5 μmol/L of NH₄⁺. Such detection sensitivity is high enough for ammonia determination in common environmental and biological samples. Finally, headspace SDME was applied to determine ammonia in human blood, seawater and milk samples with spiked recoveries in the range of 96-107%.     

液相微萃取/气相色谱-质谱法分析食品中的防腐剂和抗氧化剂

采用液相微萃取/气相色谱-质谱联用测定食品中的四种防腐剂和三种抗氧化剂。优化后的萃取条件为:2.0μL甲苯作萃取剂,微液滴在样品中深度为0.85cm,搅拌速度800r/min,萃取时间25min,溶液的pH=3,加入盐的质量浓度为10%。该方法线性范围为0.5～400mg/kg,检出限0.01～1.2mg/kg,加标回收率93.7%～113.4%,相对标准偏差2.7%～8.6%。     

Solidified floating organic drop microextraction combined with high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of carbamazepine in human plasma and urine samples

Solidified floating organic drop microextraction (SFODME) in combination with high performance liquid chromatography was used for separation/preconcentration and determination of carbamazepine (CBZ) in human plasma and urine samples. Parameters that affect the extraction efficiency such as the type and volume of extraction solvent, ionic strength, sodium hydroxide concentration, stirring rate, sample volume and extraction time, were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions (extraction solvent, 40 μL of 1-undecanol; sodium hydroxide concentration, 1 mol/L; temperature, 50 ℃; stirring speed, 400 r/min; sample volume, 8 mL; sodium chloride concentration, 3% (w/v) and extraction time, 60 min) the calibration curve was found to be linear in the mass concentration range of 0.4-700.0 μg/L. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.1 μg/L and the relative standard deviation (RSD) for six replicate extraction and determination of carbamazepine at 100 μg/L level was found to be 4.1%. The method was successfully applied to the determination of CBZ in human plasma and urine samples.     

聚酰亚胺固相萃取搅拌棒的制备及其在环境水中酚类的分析应用

利用相转换法制备了聚酰亚胺吸附萃取搅拌棒,用5种有机酚作为评价标样,并与现有商品化吸附萃取搅拌棒进行比较。优化了萃取搅拌速度、溶液离子强度、萃取温度、萃取时间以及热解析温度和时间。在最佳实验条件下,100 mL 样品,30% NaCl,在25℃下,经活化5 min 后的聚酰亚胺吸附搅拌棒萃取30 min (800 r/ min),然后300℃热解析4 min,使目标物脱附,再进行色谱分析。目标物在大于两个数量级浓度范围内具有良好的线性(R≥0.9995),定量限(LOQ,S/ N=10)为0.028~0.123μg/ L,重复性为1.6%~9.7%。将SBSE 与气相色谱-质谱联用,对海水、自来水和污水中的酚类进行定性与定量分析,结果表明,聚酰亚胺吸附萃取搅拌棒具有良好的选择性,最高热解析温度350℃,在分析水中痕量极性化合物领域具有广阔应用前景。     

微滴液相微萃取技术用于气相色谱-质谱法测定食品中的酞酸酯

将一种新型、简单、快速、环境友好的萃取方法微滴液相微萃取(SDME)与气相色谱-质谱法结合用于快速分析食品中的几种酞酸酯(PAEs)。考察了萃取溶剂的种类及用量、微液滴在样品溶液中的深度、萃取时间及搅拌子的搅拌速度对微滴液相微萃取的影响。优化的萃取条件为:萃取溶剂为2.0 μL甲苯,微液滴在样品溶液中的深度为0.75 cm,搅拌速度为1000 r/min,萃取时间为20 min。该方法的线性范围为0.1～4000 μg/L,检测限为25 ng/L～0.8 mg/L,加标回收率为87.1%～114.4%,相对标准偏差为4.9%～11.6%。微滴液相微萃取所需的有机溶剂量很小,是一种快速、简单、安全、有效的水溶性样品的前处理方法。