聚(L-谷氨酸)水凝胶的Diels-Alder制备及其生物分子响应性研究

报道了一种含有二硫键的聚L-氨基酸共价交联网络,制备了能对含巯基生物分子与蛋白酶产生响应的新型聚L-氨基酸水凝胶.通过二硫键将降冰片烯基团键合在聚(L-谷氨酸)侧链,所得到的聚合物与末端修饰四嗪基团的四臂聚乙二醇在水溶液中混合,通过降冰片烯与四嗪基团之间发生Diels-Alder反应形成分子间共价交联,获得了聚(L-谷氨酸)/聚乙二醇水凝胶.研究了水凝胶在含巯基生物活性分子谷胱甘肽(GSH)作用下的性质变化.结果表明,2种官能化聚合物混合后可快速形成稳定的水凝胶,其力学性质随聚合物浓度、2种聚合物比例和降冰片烯基团的取代度的改变而变化.体外降解实验结果表明,在GSH或弹性蛋白酶存在的条件下,水凝胶的降解速率显著增加.同时,经GSH处理的水凝胶机械强度也显著降低.大鼠体内实验表明,在交联点引入GSH响应性的二硫键会明显加速聚氨基酸水凝胶的体内降解.进一步体外细胞实验与组织学分析结果表明,所获得聚氨基酸/聚乙二醇水凝胶具有良好的体外细胞相容性和动物体内组织相容性.     

锂离子电池PMMA-VAc聚合物电解质的制备与性质研究

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和醋酸乙烯酯(VAc)为单体, 用乳液聚合法合成聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-醋酸乙烯酯聚合物(PMMA-VAc), 并以此聚合物制备了新型聚烯烃膜支撑的聚合物膜及聚合物电解质. 用红外光谱(FTIR)、凝胶色谱(GPC)、差热和热重分析(DSC/TG)、扫描电镜(SEM)及电池充放电实验等方法研究了聚合物、聚合物膜和聚合物电解质的性质. 红外光谱结果表明, MMA与VAc通过各自的C＝C双键打开聚合成PMMA-VAc. PMMA-VAc易于分散在混合碳酸酯溶剂中并形成凝胶, 凝胶粘度随PMMA-VAc浓度的增加而增加, 当浓度为4%时成膜效果最佳. PMMA-VAc膜具有大量的微孔结构, 具有极强的吸液性能. PMMA-VAc膜具有良好的热稳定性: 在380 ℃范围内保持稳定. 聚烯烃膜支撑的PMMA-VAc膜室温下的离子电导率为1.85×10^－3 S•cm^－1, 用作为锂离子电池的聚合物电解质时, 电池具有良好的循环稳定性和倍率性能.     

凝胶形成动态过程在线监测方法的比较

以醋酸介质中戊二醛（Ｇｌｕ）交联壳聚糖（ＣＳ）水凝胶的形成为例,研究比较了粘度法,电导法,光度法和荧光探针法用于监测凝胶形成动态过程的可行性性和特点,结果表明：粘度法具有简单、直观等优点,但粘度法不能够跟踪凝胶点（ｇｅｌｌｉｎｇｐｏｉｎｔｓ）后体系的进一步变化,旋转粘度法在测定时对体系的扰动不容忽视。电导法和光度法跟踪的是引起凝胶化的交联反应过程,但溶液到凝胶的转化往往发生在交联反应完成之前,因此所得结果未必与宏观观察结果相一致,荧光探针法具有适用面宽,可供选用的探针种类多、方法灵活等特点,对于研究凝胶形成动态过程具有普适性,该法还可用于凝胶性质的研究。     

AMPS/DMAM/FA/AM共聚物的合成及溶液性能研究

本文采用氧化还原引发体系合成了AMPS（2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙烷磺酸钠）／DMAA（N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺）／FA（富马酸）／AM（丙烯酰胺）共聚物,研究了共聚物的水溶液性能。结果表明,随聚合物浓度的增加,溶液表观粘度急剧增加;无机盐的加入使聚合物溶液的粘度下降,但很快稳定;随老化温度的提高,聚合物溶液的粘度有所增加;共聚物试样在盐水中表现出随剪切速率的增加,表观粘度增加。     

基于β-环糊精和二茂铁主客体作用的超分子聚合物的制备及其凝胶化

以β-环糊精修饰的壳聚糖（CDCS）和二茂铁修饰的聚乙二醇（FCPEG）为构筑单元,以伊环糊精和二茂铁的主客体相互作用为驱动,构筑了水溶性的超分子聚合物CDCS-FCPEG。在此基础上,加入α-环糊精（α-CD）,通过其对聚乙二醇的穿环络合诱导结晶作用,制备了壳聚糖基水凝胶。使用核磁（^1H—NMR）、紫外一可见光谱法（UV—Vis）、X射线衍射分析（XRD）和循环伏安法（CV）等手段进行了验证。结果表明：超分子聚合物CDCS—FCPEG与共价键连接的传统聚合物一样可以和α—CD形成凝胶。     

温度敏感的PLGA-PEG-PLGA水凝胶的合成、 表征和药物释放

用聚乙二醇PEG1000和4600引发乙交酯(GA)和L-丙交酯(L-LA)开环共聚合得到一系列数均分子量为3000~7000的PLGA-PEG-PLGA水凝胶材料. 综合应用动态粘弹谱仪和相图, 系统报道了该凝胶力学性质和溶胶-凝胶转变的关系, 凝胶区间的模量在102~104 Pa之间. 用荧光光谱证明了该三嵌段聚合物形成胶束的性质并测定了临界胶束浓度, 验证了凝胶由胶束形成的机理. 凝胶中的头孢他定释放呈现一定程度的缓释作用.     

水溶性酚醛树脂的合成及其交联性能研究

考察了部分水解聚丙烯酰胺/水溶性酚醛树脂交联体系的成胶特性,发现在聚合物浓度为1.0％时,随着交联剂浓度的增加,形成的凝胶的粘度增加,交联剂用量为0.5％,凝胶强度在30 min左右达到最高值;考察了温度、物料比等水溶性酚醛树脂的合成条件对最终凝胶体系粘度的影响,最佳反应温度为60℃,甲醛苯酚的最佳摩尔比为3:1;向甲...     

部分水解聚丙烯酰胺弱凝胶交联动力学的流变学分析

用流变学方法对部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)苯酚甲醛间苯二酚交联体系的弱凝胶化过程进行了研究,通过对基团转化率和高分子交联转化率的分析,发现凝胶化过程在接近凝胶点时,处于反应动力学的初期,这使得交联点增加的动力学是比较简单的.通过在不同聚合物浓度和交联剂浓度并在地层温度和矿化度条件下线性粘弹性行为的研究,得到了交联体系凝胶化动力学过程的完整数据,发现聚合物浓度与交联剂浓度对凝胶点与凝胶强度的影响比较类似,反映出交联点增加的共同动力学特征.复数粘度在一个诱导期后,是以指数上升的,类似一个一级反应的特征.产生交联的临界聚合物浓度约为250mg L左右.并提出了剪切粘度数学模型,可以描述凝胶化过程中流变性质的变化.     

粘度法研究胶态分散凝胶交联过程

通过粘度测定方法,研究了部分水解聚丙烯酰胺（ＨＰＡＭ）／ 柠檬酸铝（ＡｌＣｉｔ） 交联过程中粘度变化的特性．聚合物浓度高的ＨＰＡＭ／ＡｌＣｉｔ 体系粘度随反应时间的延长而上升,其体系粘度最终高于相同聚合物浓度的ＨＰＡＭ 溶液粘度．聚合物浓度低的ＨＰＡＭ／ＡｌＣｉｔ 体系粘度随反应时间的延长而下降,其体系粘度低于相同聚合物浓度的ＨＰＡＭ 溶液粘度．ＨＰＡＭ／ＡｌＣｉｔ 交联体系的聚合物浓度低于临界浓度时,交联反应后形成稀胶态分散凝胶（ＴＣＤＧ） ．在实验条件下,临界浓度在１５０ ～３００ｍｇ／Ｌ 之间．当聚合物浓度于临界浓度和７００ｍｇ／Ｌ之间时,形成浓胶态分散凝胶（ＣＣＤＧ） ;当聚合物浓度高于７００ｍｇ／Ｌ 时,ＨＰＡＭ／ＡｌＣｉｔ 交联体系形成整体凝胶．     

水解聚丙烯酰胺柠檬酸铝体系成胶行为与形态结构的研究

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜及流变性能测试等手段 ,研究了部分水解聚丙烯酰胺 (HPAM )与柠檬酸铝 (AlCA)的成胶行为与形态结构 .结果表明 ,当AlCA浓度超过 10 0mg/L时 ,随HPAM浓度由低向高变化 ,HPAM AlCA交联体系可形成三种不同形态结构的凝胶 :分散凝胶 (由交联聚合物颗粒形成的分散体 )、两相(分散凝胶相与连续网状凝胶相 )共存凝胶和连续网状凝胶 .HPAM AlCA形成分散凝胶时 ,无明显的粘度升高现象 ,但体系中存在由HPAM大分子交联在一起的颗粒结构 .HPAM AlCA在形成连续网状凝胶时 ,体系复模量和复粘度大幅度提高 ,网状凝胶中含有粒状凝胶颗粒 .     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.