UPLC-MS/MS同时测定蔬菜中阿维菌素等5种常用农药残留量

建立了同时测定蔬菜样品中阿维菌素、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(甲维盐)、吡虫啉、茚虫威及代森锌残留量的超高压液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)。样品经0.1%氢氧化钠溶液(含10 mmol/L L-半胱氨酸和10 mmol/L EDTA-Na2)预处理后,以乙腈作为提取溶剂,经0.2 g C18+0.05 g石墨化碳(GCB)基质分散固相萃取净化。各待测物经Thermo Hypersil BDS C18(100 mm×4.6 mm,2.6μm)色谱柱进行分离,以10 mmol/L氨水-乙腈作流动相梯度洗脱,串联质谱法对5种农药残留量进行测定。结果表明,代森锌在50~2 000μg/L范围内,另4种农药在5~200μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r2)为0.995 1~0.999 9。在0.5~500μg/kg加标浓度下,豆角、辣椒、青菜、黄瓜、芦笋、蕃茄中5种农药的加标回收率为70.8%~103.6%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.5%~13.9%;代森锌的检出限为8.2~30μg/kg,定量下限为27~100μg/kg,其余4种农药的检出限为0.02~0.7μg/kg,定量下限为0.07~2.3μg/kg。方法快速准确、经济实用,可满足日常检测的需要。     

液相色谱-串联质谱同时测定禽肉组织中盐酸金刚烷胺、盐酸金刚乙胺、地塞米松、替米考星及喹乙醇代谢物的残留量

建立了同时测定禽肉组织中盐酸金刚烷胺、盐酸金刚乙胺、地塞米松、替米考星及喹乙醇代谢物残留量的液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法。样品用2 mol/L氢氧化钠溶液水解,盐酸调节p H值后,以乙腈作为提取溶剂,经C18固相萃取柱净化。各待测物分别经0.1%甲酸甲醇溶液和氨化甲醇(0.1%氨水)洗脱,Phenomenex Kinetex C18(100 mm×4.6 mm,2.6μm)色谱柱进行分离,采用0.1%甲酸(含5 mmol/L乙酸铵)-甲醇作流动相,梯度洗脱,串联质谱法对5种药物含量进行测定。结果表明,5种药物在2~100μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.996 2~0.999 8。在加标浓度为5~50μg/kg的禽肉组织中,这5种药物的加标回收率为73.7%~92.3%,相对标准偏差(n=5)为3.9%~16.6%,检出限为0.2~3.0μg/kg,定量下限为0.7~10μg/kg。方法快速、简便、经济实用,符合法规要求,可满足日常检测的需要。     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱/串联质谱法测定人体血清中7种全氟化合物

建立了固相萃取-超高效液相色谱/串联质谱法检测人体血清中全氟己烷磺酸、全氟庚酸、全氟辛酸、全氟辛烷磺酸、全氟壬酸、全氟癸酸和全氟十一酸7种全氟化合物。血清中加入NaAc缓冲溶液及内标后,在37℃条件下酶解提取12h,提取液经WAX固相萃取小柱净化,采用ACQUITY UPLC?HSS C18色谱柱,以乙腈-5mmol/L NH4Ac溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱后,在电喷雾离子源负离子模式下以多反应监测(MRM)方式进行扫描,内标法定量。7种目标全氟化合物在1.0~50.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好,检出限为0.1μg/kg,回收率74.0%~105.6%。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鸡肉与鸡蛋中6种他汀类药物残留

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)测定鸡肉与鸡蛋中6种他汀类药物残留量的方法。采用BEH C18色谱柱,以甲醇-0.1%甲酸5 mmol乙酸铵为流动相,梯度洗脱分离,在电喷雾正负离子模式下以多反应监测(MRM)方式检测,外标法定量。6种他汀类药物检出限(LOD,S/N=3)和定量限(LOD,S/N=10)分别为0.1~0.5μg/kg和0.3~2.0μg/kg,在1.0~100μg/kg浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数大于0.9910;鸡肉和鸡蛋样品中20μg/kg水平的加标回收率分别为80.9%~97.2%和79.0%~87.2%,相对标准偏差分别为1.3%~10.2%和1.5%~10.7%。本方法应用于市场实际样品检测,尚未检出阳性样品。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定水产品中70种农药残留北大核心CSCD

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定水产品中杀虫剂、杀菌剂、除草剂等70种农药残留的分析方法。样品经1%甲酸乙腈溶液提取,以N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)、C_(18)以及无水MgSO_(4)等分散固相萃取进行净化。色谱采用Waters Acquity UPLC TSS T3色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm×1.8μm)分离,以0.1%甲酸-5 mmol/L NH_(4)Ac水溶液和甲醇为流动相,在多反应监测模式(MRM)下进行测定,以空白基质匹配外标法定量。结果表明,70种农药在0.2~100 ng/mL质量浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数(r^(2))均大于0.99,方法定量限在0.5~5μg/kg之间,在加标水平为1~20μg/kg下,鳗鱼和对虾基质中平均回收率范围为70.2%~119.6%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)在3.6%~9.8%之间。该方法灵敏度高,为水产品中多种农药残留筛查监测提供一种简便、可靠的方法。     

高效液相色谱分析七种氟苯甲酸示踪剂

建立了高效液相色谱法测定7种新型水文示踪剂氟苯甲酸的分析方法。使用C18(150 mm,4.6 mmi.d,5μm)色谱柱、乙腈∶水(磷酸盐)=20∶80(2.56 mmol/L)为流动相、紫外检测器,检测波长223 nm。考察了pH、缓冲溶液浓度、有机相浓度等对保留时间的影响。相对标准偏差1.2%~4.2%,线性范围0.05~5.6μg/L。方法的检出限为0.03~0.07μg/L。平均回收率93.3%~106.6%之间。     

高效液相色谱-荧光检测法分析麦类中麦角克列斯汀碱

提出了一种采用高效液相色谱-荧光检测法(HPLC-FLD)测定麦类样品中麦角克列斯汀碱的方法。麦类样品经V(乙腈)∶V(0.1 mol/L乙酸铵缓冲溶液)=1∶4提取,以C18小柱净化,C18色谱柱(4.6×250 mm,5μm)分离,V(水)∶V(乙腈)=3∶2作流动相,流速1.0 mL/min,以HPLC-FLD定量测定。标准工作溶液浓度在1.0~50.0μg/L范围内,与峰面积成良好的线性关系,线性相关系数0.9999,样品在10.0、50.0、250.0μg/kg添加水平的回收率为76%~85%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为6.6%~8.8%(n=8),方法检测限为5.0μg/kg(S/N10)。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定养殖环境沉积物中多肽类抗生素残留量

建立了测定水产养殖环境沉积物中多肽类抗生素残留量的高效液相色谱串联质谱法。沉积物经10 mL甲醇-柠檬酸-Na2 HPO4溶液(3∶4, V/ V)超声提取2次,0.5 g 乙二胺四乙酸二钠络合除杂,5 mL 甲基异丁基甲酮净化,HLB 固相萃取柱进一步富集净化,MGII C18色谱柱分离,0.1%甲酸与0.1%甲酸-乙腈梯度洗脱,ESI+电离,多反应监测模式(MRM)监测,外标法定量。粘菌素和杆菌肽在10~10000μg/ L 范围内,维吉尼霉素 M1在4~4000μg/ L 范围内,线性回归系数均大于0.999,方法检出限为2~5μg/ kg,方法定量限为4~10μg/ kg。在3个浓度添加水平下,多肽类抗生素回收率79.7%~91.6%,相对标准偏差1.9%~10.8%。本方法具有良好的精密度和准确度,灵敏度高,适用范围广。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蜂蜜中20种全氟烷基化合物

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)同时测定蜂蜜中20种全氟烷基化合物(PFASs)含量的分析方法。采用改进的QuEChERS方法对样品进行前处理,用含1.5%(v/v)甲酸的乙腈溶液振荡提取,C_(18)和N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)吸附剂净化,Atlantis T3 C_(18)色谱柱(150 mm×2.1 mm,3μm)分离,以含5 mmol/L乙酸铵的甲醇溶液和5 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。在电喷雾离子(ESI)源负离子模式下以多反应监测(MRM)扫描,采用同位素内标法进行定量分析。结果表明,20种PFASs在16 min内即可完成分离,在0.2~10μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)均大于0.99;检出限(LOD,S/N=3)和定量限(LOQ,S/N=10)分别为0.04~0.10μg/kg和0.10~0.20μg/kg。在0.1、0.5、1.0和2.0μg/kg加标水平下,20种PFASs的加标回收率为72.6%~113.0%,RSD为0.4%~15.9%(n=6)。该法快速、高效、准确,适用于蜂蜜样品中20种PFASs的同时检测。     

动物肝脏中九种多溴联苯醚残留量的GC—NCI／MS分析

建立了动物肝脏中9种PBDEs残留量的气相色谱-负化学离子源/质谱(GC-NCI/MS)的分析方法。动物肝脏样品经V(正己烷)∶V(丙酮)=1∶1超声辅助提取,中性与酸性硅胶层析柱净化和V(正已烷)∶V(CH2Cl2)=1∶1洗脱和浓缩后,以PCB-103为内标物,采用GC-NCI/MS的选择离子监测方式(SIM)对其中的9种PBDEs残留量进行了定性与定量分析。当动物肝脏空白样品的加标质量浓度为5.0、20.0μg/kg(PBDE-183为6.0、24.0μg/kg)时,9种PBDEs的平均加标回收率为75.1%~88.2%,相对标准偏差为3.3%~7.9%,方法检出限均小于0.07μg/kg;线性范围除PBDE-183为0.12~600.0μg/kg外,其余8种PBDEs为0.1~500.0μg/kg,相关系数都大于0.9993。所建立的分析方法已用于5种动物肝脏的8个样品中9种PBDEs残留量的分析。     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.