微流控芯片设计方法研究进展

本文综述了微流控芯片设计方法的研究进展,归纳和总结了目前主要的设计方法,包括数值模拟法和基于宏模型的设计方法。最后介绍了宏-微模型设计方法,通过建立宏-微接口,实现了数值模拟和宏模型的灵巧桥接,有助于改善微流控芯片设计方法的兼容性和自适应性。     

抗凝血高分子生物材料的表面设计

生物材料,尤其是血液接触材料,满足抗凝血性能是临床应用的首要前提。采用表面改性策略来提高材料表面的抗凝血性能,简单易行。表面改性主要包括表面设计和方法设计两个方面。本文对抗凝血性高分子生物材料的表面设计各类方法进行了综述,其中包括材料表面的微相分离结构、材料的负电荷表面设计、材料的亲(疏)水性表面设计、材料的生物活性化表面设计和材料的内皮细胞化表面设计等等,并重点阐述了两性离子的抗凝血表面设计。     

化学教学目标设计的反思与对策

教学目标的设计是教学设计的核心内容,教学目标一经确定,就成为教师选择教学策略、安排和组织学习活动以及实施教学评价的重要依据。本文以教学设计的有关理论为指导,结合当前化学教学目标设计中存在的一些现象,对如何理解化学三维目标,依据什么来设计目标,如何设计目标才能更好地发挥对教学过程的导向作用进行了分析和探讨。     

国际理科教学设计评价工具述评与启示

依据国际科学教育文献,对SLPRI、SLPAI和5E ILP 3个具有代表性和影响力的理科教学设计评价工具进行评述和比较,发现当代国际理科教学设计评价工具呈现出适用对象具体化、指标设定专业化、评分标准精细化等发展趋势。从教师培训、教学设计和教学设计评价工具的开发3个方面提出我国理科教育工作需要关注的问题,呼吁我国学者应关注和从事理科教学设计评价方面的研究。     

“化学教学设计”课程教学模式构建

主要根据化学教学的基本原理,构建了"化学教学设计"课程的教学内容和教学基本模式,形成了"化学教学设计"课程教学的特色。学习理论实施导修课教学。将化学知识按学习属性分类,按各类知识认知原理设计教学范例,并对学生进行教学设计和模拟教学训练,使学生对各类化学知识的教学原理有了深刻的认识和理解。5届硕士和3届本科生教学结果表明,学生化学教学设计能力和教学实践能力得到较理想的发展。     

基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂设计的研究进展*

基质金属蛋白酶(MMP) 是一类含锌的水解酶, 过量的MMP会加速细胞外基质的降解并导致一系列的疾病, 例如癌症、关节炎和多发性硬化症等。因此MMP抑制剂的研究已成为药物设计研究领域中的一个热门课题。近年来, 科学家们发展了三种分子设计的方法, 包括基于底物的药物设计、基于结构的药物设计和组合化学技术。本文介绍了这些方法的原理及其在MMP抑制剂设计中的应用和进展。     

化工原理项目设计教学改革的实践与成效

通过对化工原理的项目设计理念、项目层级关系、项目结构、设计内容、评价方法、实践效果的梳理,阐述了以工程项目设计为牵引,工程实践能力和创新能力高素质人才培养为目标,进行化工原理项目设计教学改革与创新的具体做法。以OBE理念和CDIO课程体系建设为基础,强调人才特色培养、课程结构优化的实践教学课程改革,加深了对化工原理项目设计的认识。     

用SolidWorks软件辅助设计物理化学实验设备

结合实例介绍采用SolidWorks软件设计物理化学实验仪器设备。证明SolidWorks软件用于设计仪器设备不仅大大节省了设计的时间和成本,并且还能提高了设计的效率和效果。     

《化工过程开发设计》

徐宝东主编本书介绍了有关化工开发设计的方法,包括化工概念设计、设计基础数据、物料流程设计、反应部分设计、分离部分设计、换热部分设计、工艺系统设计和设备布置设计等资料,其中也包括设计计算及设备选型的资料。本书可供化工、石化、医药等行业从事研究开发设计的工程技术人员编制工艺软件包使用,是化工原始创新的源泉,     

化学教案设计样式初探

教学研究的发展及教学模式日趋多样化,导致教学设计方案多样化。研究不同类型的教学设计观,并设计出适合于不同教学情境的化学教案,有利于提升化学教师和师范生的教学设计能力。     

3D bioprinted cancer cells are more tolerant to serum starvation than 2D cells due to autophagy

Cancer is a global issue and a serious threat to human health, one approach to treatment is starvation therapy. Recently, three-dimensional (3D) bioprinted tumor tissue models have been developed; however, whether 3D bioprinted models are good for in vitro study of starvation therapy is unclear. In this study, we studied the state of cells with serum-free medium in both 3D bioprinted scaffold and 2D cell cultures and found that 3D bioprinted cancer cells (3D cells) were more tolerant to serum starvation than 2D cells in terms of cell viability, cell proliferation, and M2 macrophage polarization. Moreover, the ratio of LC3II/I, an index of autophagy, increased much more in 3D cells, and 3D cells showed more autophagosomes than 2D cells after serum starvation, which indicated that the autophagy levels were higher in 3D cells. These results suggested that 3D cells are more tolerant to serum starvation than 2D cells, and autophagy may play an important role in this process.     

三维定量结构-活性关系研究的近况*

本文介绍并综述了以CoMFA, APEX-3D, Ludi和Leapfrog为代表的三维定量结构一活性关系研究方法的近况。作为药物分子设计的新方法,它们在新药设计和先导化合物的产生中起着越来越重要的作版。     

3D打印生物医用材料研究进展

3D打印(亦称增材制造)技术因其独特的材料成型优势,在组织工程、航空航天、汽车制造、以及电子工业等众多领域显示出巨大的应用潜力。然而,在实际生物医学应用中,3D打印生物器件和组织器官除了要求具有复杂的结构和优异的生物学性能外,其打印结构的表面性质也需满足某些特定的要求,如3D打印组织骨架和器官必须具有生物相容性、抗菌性及细胞粘附性等。因此,将3D打印与传统表面修饰技术相结合,在不改变材料三维结构的基础上调控其表面生物化学性质,从而赋予3D打印生物骨架器官多功能化,可实现更为广泛的应用。本文以3D打印生物骨架及器官的表面修饰为主要内容对就近年来3D打印生物医用材料的最新研究进展进行了综述。     

Ca3La3(BO3)5中Eu3+的光致发光

本文详细地研究了紫外光激发下,Ca_3La_3(BO_3)_5中Eu~(3+)的发光光谱和激发光谱与组成、结构的关系.发现Eu~(3+)在此基质中可能不止一个发光中心;Eu~(3+)自身浓度猝灭的机理为电四极-四极相互作用.     

Preparation and characterization of polymer layer systems for validation of 3D Micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy

For the validation of the quantification of the newly-developed method of 3D Micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (3D Micro-XRF) samples with a low average Z matrix and minor high Z elements are best suited. In a light matrix the interferences by matrix effects are minimized so that organic polymers are appropriate as basis for analytes which are more easily detected by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy.     

Three-dimensional ultrasound imaging and its use in quantifying organ and pathology volumes

Although ultrasonography is an important cost-effective imaging modality, technical improvements are needed before its full potential is realized for accurate and reproducible monitoring of disease progression or regression. Two-dimensional viewing of three-dimensional anatomy, using conventional ultrasonography, limits our ability to quantify and visualize pathology and is partly responsible for the reported variability in diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression. Efforts of investigators have focused on overcoming these deficiencies by developing 3D ultrasound imaging techniques that are capable of acquiring B-mode images using existing conventional ultrasound systems, reconstructing the information into 3D images, and then allowing interactive viewing of the 3D images on inexpensive desktop computers. In addition, the availability of 3D ultrasound images has allowed the development of manual and semi-automated techniques to quantify normal and abnormal anatomical volumes. In this paper we review our semi-automated 3D segmentation approaches for segmenting the surface of the carotid arteries and plaques, and segmenting the prostate. These techniques demonstrate that efficient segmentation techniques can be used with 3D ultrasound images to quantify anatomical organ volumes and morphology.     

Electrospun aligned nanofibers: A review

Electrospinning (e-spinning) is famous for the construction and production of ultrafine and continuous micro-/nanofibers. Then, the alignment of electrospun (e-spun) nanofibers becomes one of the most valuable research topics. Because aligned fibers have more advantages over random fibers, such as better mechanical properties, faster charge transport, more regular spatial structure, etc. This review summarizes various electrospinning techniques of fabricating aligned e-spun nanofibers, such as early conventional methods, near-field e-spinning, and three-dimensional (3D) printing e-spinning. Among them, four auxiliary preparation methods (e.g., auxiliary solid template, auxiliary liquid, auxiliary electromagnetic field and auxiliary airflow), two collection modes (static and dynamic collection), and the controllability of near-field e-spinning and 3D printing e-spinning are highlighted. The representative applications depending on aligned nanofibers are classified and briefly introduced, emphasizing in the fields of 1D applications (e.g., field-effect transistor, nanochannel and guidance carrier), 2D applications (e.g., platform for gas detection, filter, and electrode materials storage), and 3D applications (e.g., bioengineering, supercapacitor, and nanogenerator). At last, the challenges and prospects are addressed.     

Complex three-dimensional microparticles from microfluidic lithography

Complex 3D microparticle, as an emerging and attractive field, has attracted more and more attention due to its versatile morphologies and broad range of applications. In this review, we provide an overall recent progress in 3D microparticles fabricated by microfluidic lithography. This review will focus on the synthesis mechanisms, synthesis process, the resultant 3D microparticles, and their applications. Finally, we will look into the future trends in complex 3D microparticles. This review will be beneficial for researchers in numerous fields, including functional materials, sensors, encryption, and biomedical engineering.     

光固化3D打印及其在齿科行业中的应用

光固化3D打印是最早出现的3D打印技术,经过30多年的发展,先后发展出液态树脂固化或光固化（stereolithography,SLA）、数字光处理（digital light processing,DLP）、液晶显示（liquid crystal display,LCD）、连续无分层液体界面提取技术（layerless continuous liquid interface production,CLIP）、双光子3D打印（two-photon polymerization,TPP）、全息3D打印技术等多种打印技术。光固化3D打印技术具有精度高、成型速度快等特点,因此在许多领域都有良好的应用,且前景广阔。在众多领域中,齿科领域个性化特征明显,对打印材料精度要求高,是目前光固化3D打印最有应用潜力和高附加值的领域。本文综述了光固化3D打印技术的种类、原理和技术的优缺点,并简述了光固化3D打印在齿科领域的应用。     

Apoptosis of T-47D Cells Induced by Cinobufacini via a Caspase-3-dependent Manner

To investigate the mechanism of the anti-tumor activity of cinobufacini on the breast cancer cell line T-47D,the inhibitory effect of cinobufacini on the proliferation of T-47D was detected via MTT assay and the morphological changes of T-47D and HBL-100 cells caused by cinobufacini were observed with an inverted microscope.Cell apoptosis and cell cycle stages were detected by flow cytometry analysis.The effects of cinobufacini on the expression of active-form and pro-form of caspase-3 were assessed by Western blot analysis.Cinobufacini dramatically inhibited T-47D proliferation in a dose-and time-dependent manner.We found that more than 20％ of T-47D cells were killed after treatment with 20 mg/mL cinobufacini for 24 h in vitro.After 6 d of treatment with 20 mg/mL cinobufacini,the cell survival rate decreased by more than 40％.Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that cinobufacini induced significant apoptosis and changes of the cell cycle distribution of T-47D cells.We used breast cell line HBL-100 as the control,the above experiments except cell cycle analysis showed that cinobufacini more obviously induced the apoptosis of T-47D cells than that of HBL-100 cells.Western blot analysis confirmed the protein expression of active caspase-3 increased with increasing the dose of cinobufacini.These results indicate that cinobufacini induces the apoptosis of T-47D cells via the up-regulation of caspase-3.