三种不同前处理方法对标准奶粉中锰含量测定的影响

分别采用干法灰化、高压消解和湿法消解3种不同的前处理方法消解标准奶粉,用石墨炉原子吸收法测定奶粉中锰含量。结果表明,干法灰化为奶粉前处理的最佳方法,经干法灰化后测定的锰质量分数为0.485μg/g,RSD为0.66%,加标回收率为90.4%~96.7%。     

虾粉中总砷测定方法的探讨

用氢化物原子荧光光度法测定虾粉中总砷含量时,对干法灰化、湿法消解、微波消解3种样品处理方法对虾粉中砷元素测定结果的影响进行了比较。通过试验确定了最佳消解条件。砷元素浓度在0~10μg/L的范围内与荧光强度呈线性关系,线性相关系数r=0.999 6,检出限为0.2μg/L。比对结果表明,干法灰化适合于测定虾粉中总砷的含量,湿法消解测定总砷的含量偏低,微波消解不适合测定虾粉中总砷的含量。采用干法灰化-氢化物原子荧光光度法测定虾粉中总砷含量,加标回收率为76.2%~106.0%。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定载钯树脂中钯的前处理方法考察

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定载钯树脂中的钯,对比了灰化法、硝酸-高氯酸法和微波消解法3种前处理方法,考察了称样量、消解加酸量、处理时间和灰化温度等对测定的影响,优化了最佳试验条件,讨论了共存离子的干扰.结果表明,钯质量浓度在0~50 mg/L范围内与强度线性关系良好,线性相关系数为0.999 5,灰化法、硝酸-高氯酸法和微波消解法3种方法的检出限分别为0.002 8、0.005 4、0.002 3 mg/L,相对标准偏差(n=11)分别0.69%、0.63%、0.42%,加标回收率分别为98%~100%、98%~101%、100%~104%.采用3种方法对实际样品进行测定,发现微波消解法处理时间最短,样品处理最完全,检测值最平行.用试验方法与原子吸收光谱法测定同一个载钯树脂,两者测定结果基本相符.     

对食品中铝含量国标测定方法的改进

对国标GB/T 5009.182-2003中样品处理方法做了改进,用干法灰化代替湿法消解,解决了国标方法中由于pH值和高氯酸对显色反应的影响造成检测结果不准确的问题.采用干法灰化-分光光度法测定了食品中的铝含量,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.6%(n=6),回收率为94.3%～100.7%.该方法适用于大批量食品中铝的快速检测.     

六极杆碰撞反应池-等离子体质谱测定生物样品中痕量铬和钒

采用带六极杆碰撞反应池的电感耦合等离子体质谱直接测定了生物样品中痕量铬和钒。在碰撞反应池中引入He/NH3(93∶7)混合气,有效地消除了分子离子(ArC 、NCl 、Cl O 、Cl OH 等)对超痕量铬、钒测定的干扰,降低了方法的检出限。比较了干法灰化和湿法消解两种样品处理方法,两种消解方式获得的结果基本一致。方法的检出限(3σ):钒为0.005 0μg.g-1,铬为0.001 8μg.g-1。相对标准偏差:钒为3.25%~14.08%;铬为4.20%~8.24%。经国家一级生物标准物质验证,测定值与标准值吻合。     

干法灰化-发射光谱法测定植物样品中B和Sn

地球化学样品中的元素硼和锡属于难溶易挥发元素,湿法样品前处理技术相对较难,目前基本以一米光栅发射光谱法测定为主,其固体进样方式避免了复杂的样品前处理,实现了对地球化学样品中元素硼和锡的绿色分析。植物样品经过适宜的高温灰化后,基体成分基本一致,体积质量均发生富集现象,称取的样品灰分成分和基物、缓冲剂(比例1:1:2)经过研磨充分混匀,在优化的实验条件下,以国家一级合成硅酸盐光谱分析标准物质制作校准曲线,构建植物样品中硼和锡的分析方法,该方法硼和锡的检出限分别为0.042μg·g-1、0.019μg·g-1,方法经过国家一级标准物质验证,硼方法精密度:5.6%~13%,正确度(RE)的绝对值均小于10%;锡方法精密度:7.2%~18%,正确度(RE)的绝对值均小于28%。实验结果表明:植物样品经过干法灰化富集后,对植物样品中元素硼基本能够实现精准测定,对元素锡含量接近于检测下限的值测定结果相对较差,对高含量值也能够实现精准测定,方法具有较好的应用价值。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定黄连中铁、镁、锌含量

<正>样品基体对元素测定的准确性产生重要影响,特别是中药样品。目前,中药中很多成分还未被研究,因其基体成分非常复杂,需进行样品前处理。消化处理是元素分析中一种常用的样品前处理方法,即消解样品中的有机物。由于有些待测元素以化合物的形式存在于中药材中,需要破坏有机物的价键结构,从而释放出被结合的待测元素。已见报道的消化处理方法主要有湿法消化[1]、微波消化[2-3]、干法灰化[4]和密闭压力罐法[5],其中干法灰化、湿法消     

比浊法测定氯化石蜡中氯量

以Na2CO3-MgO-KOH为灰化固定剂,用灰化法处理氯化石蜡样品。对测定条件、灰化条件及AgCl胶体的稳定性进行了考察。建立了比浊法测定氯化石蜡中氯的新方法。线性范围为0~5μg/mL。测定结果的相对标准偏差≤0.6%,加标回收率为97.5%~102.3%。     

电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱测定鱼肉中常见营养元素的样品消解方法

使用干法灰化消解、湿法全消解和湿法半消解三种不同的样品消解方法,结合电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪测定了淡水鱼和海水鱼两种不同鱼类中的K、Na、Ca、Mg四种常见营养元素的含量。结果表明各元素回收率在91%~109%之间,除Ca外其余元素相对标准偏差小于5%。湿法半消解同其它消解方法相比,缩短了检测时间,提高了分析效率,能够更加有效、快速、准确地测定鱼肉中的K、Na、Ca和Mg元素的含量。     

高精度镉同位素分析样品消解方法对比研究

为考察不同消解方法的优缺点以及对不同基质样品(沉积物和大米)Cd同位素组成的影响,该文采用干法灰化法、酸提取法、微波消解法和高温高压密闭消解法等消解方法对水系沉积物(GSD)进行消解处理,比较了不同消解方法对沉积物Cd同位素组成测定的影响。随后使用微波消解法和高温高压密闭消解法对大米标准物质以及实际大米样品进行了消解。结果表明：高温高压密闭消解法所获得的沉积物Cd同位素测试结果在国内外文献报道的参考值范围内,能够满足同位素测定要求。而使用干法灰化法和酸提取法消解样品时,由于存在元素损失或消解不完全,标准物质Cd元素的回收率偏低(低至72.8%),导致同位素测试结果显著偏离真实值(Δ114/110Cd值最大偏差达0.24‰)。微波消解法处理标准物质Cd元素的回收率在96.6%~98.8%范围内,且同位素测试结果与高温高压密闭消解法结果吻合良好(Δ114/110Cd≤±0.04‰),表明微波消解法可以满足沉积物Cd同位素的测定要求,能够获得准确的Cd同位素组成数据。对大米标准物质和实际大米样品进行消解,所获得的Cd同位素测试结果与上述沉积物样品结果相同(Δ114/110Cd≤±0.04‰),进一步验证了微波消解法的可靠性,证实微波消解法可用于沉积物及植物样品(大米)Cd同位素分析的快速消解。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

化学计量中不确定度评定研究进展

测量不确定度是表征合理地赋予被测量之值的分散性的参数。本文针对化学计量不确定度评定基础模型仅适用于线性模型、概率分布为正态分布或缩放位移t分布等局限,介绍了近年来不确定度评定的研究热点:蒙特卡罗方法(Monte Carlo Method,MCM),不确定度评定的来源、评定概念、评估方法及其发展过程,扩大了测量不确定度评定与表示的适用范围。     

微量钙的测定方法研究进展

介绍了1995-2006年期间测定微量和痕量钙的方法,如电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法、原子吸收光谱法以及离子色谱法等的工作原理和特点,并说明了其测定微量钙的应用领域。并对微量钙的测定技术进行了展望(引用文献55篇)。