以RuCl3/SiO2为模板制备高性能镶嵌式钌基氨合成催化剂

合成氨工业是国家能源与战略的基石,是化学工业的支柱产业,随着国家产业升级与转型,对合成氨工业的能耗提出了较为严厉的要求.钌基催化剂被誉为继铁催化剂后的第二代氨合成催化剂,与铁催化剂相比,钌基催化剂在低温和低压下具有优异的催化性能.炭材料因具有低成本、高比表面积以及电子传输和热传输等独特性能,比其它化合物如MgO,Al_2O_3和BN等更适合作为Ru催化剂的载体,而且也是除铁催化剂外唯一已工业化的载体.虽然炭负载钌催化剂的甲烷化是不可避免的,但BP公司使用石墨化碳作为载体成功地解决了这个问题,并实现了工业化.为了进一步提高钌基催化剂性能,对钌炭催化剂的结构设计尤为重要.中孔炭(MC)孔隙结构发达,可以为钌纳米粒子的分散提供空间,从而有效提高金属钌的利用率,中孔炭负载的钌基催化剂在合成氨反应中表现出优异的催化性能.传统负载型钌基催化剂的制备一般采用浸渍法,虽然可获得高分散的Ru纳米粒子,但其只会分布在载体的表面,因此在反应过程中就容易发生金属纳米粒子的团聚和流失,大大降低使用寿命.而随着新材料制备技术的发展,对催化剂的设计合成方法的研究也越来越多.当金属纳米粒子被镶嵌在载体的壁上时,金属和载体之间就具有较强的相互作用,因而可以稳定金属纳米粒子.本文通过蔗糖原位炭化法将Ru纳米颗粒半嵌入在炭材料中制备镶嵌式Ru-MC催化剂,并采用HRTEM, CO化学吸附等手段系统研究了镶嵌式Ru-MC催化剂与传统浸渍法制备的负载型Ru/MC催化剂之间的差异.采用等体积浸渍法添加Ba和K助剂制备催化剂Ba-K/Ru-MC和Ba-Ru-K/MC.和Ba-Ru-K/MC催化剂相比, Ba-K/Ru-MC催化剂上钌炭相互作用力增强,不但有效提高了钌催化剂的催化活性,而且提高了该催化剂的抗甲烷化能力,从而提高了氨合成条件下催化剂的稳定性和使用寿命.采用该方法制备的钌基催化剂在400°C, 10000 h~(-1), 10 MPa和H_2/N_2=3.0的反应条件下,氨合成反应速率可以达到133 mmol/(g·h),其性能远高于目前报导的钌基催化剂和传统的熔铁催化剂.     

掺氮纳米炭球担载高分散钯纳米催化剂的制备及其苯甲醇氧化性能(英文)

负载型贵金属纳米催化剂中的金属纳米粒子易发生团聚或流失,因此提高金属活性组分的分散性和稳定性很重要。我们报道了一种制备高分散钯纳米催化剂的方法,通过浸泡法将氯钯酸前驱体负载到苯并噁嗪聚合物上,再经过惰性气氛一步热解得到纳米炭球担载钯催化剂.催化剂性能通过温和条件下苯甲醇氧化反应进行评价.经过500℃热处理制备的催化剂,从TEM图可以看出Pd纳米粒子均匀分散在载体上,尺寸大小约为3 nm,这是由于载体和钯活性组分的配位作用有利于提高钯纳米粒子的分散性和稳定性.通过调控金属负载量及负载时间,尽可能地实现活性组分分布在载体外表面,制备的催化剂上最高TOF为690 h-1.此催化剂同时具有较好的循环稳定性,失活后的催化剂经过200℃焙烧即可实现再生.     

一种新的高活性CO氧化催化剂Ag/SBA-1

 以SBA-15为载体,采用后修饰法制备了Ag/SBA-15催化剂. XRD和TEM结果表明,金属Ag粒子均匀分散于SBA-15的纳米孔道中,粒子平均大小为4～5 nm. 同时,负载金属Ag纳米粒子后,载体的介孔结构仍然能很好地保持. CO催化氧化测试结果表明,Ag/SBA-15具有很高的催化活性,120 ℃时就能使CO完全氧化. 而在富H2气氛下,80 ℃时CO的转化率达到最大值(48%),此时O2的选择性为28%. 高温H2还原是活化Ag/SBA-15的必要步骤.     

纳米材料负载钌催化剂的制备与应用

钌基催化剂在温和条件下具有优异的催化性能,因而广泛应用于各种反应中.主要综述了纳米材料负载钌催化剂的制备方法和应用研究的最新进展,总结了载体材料、前驱体和纳米钌粒子对催化剂性能的影响,系统地介绍负载型钌催化剂最新制备方法和传统制备方法的新发展,并简单探讨了各种方法的优缺点,较全面地概述了负载型钌催化剂的应用领域及其性能,展望了其发展前景.     

氯化钌氨作前驱体制备高活性的氨合成催化剂

以氯化钌和水合肼反应制备了新型的氧化钌氨前驱体Ru(NH3)5Cl3.透射电镜和CO化学吸附结果表明,由Ru(NH3)5Cl3前驱体制备的活性炭(AC)负载的RuN/AC催化剂中.钌纳米粒子分散度高,粒径分布均匀.与以氯化钌为前驱体制备的Ru/AC催化剂相比,RuN/AC催化剂具有更高的氨合成活性,在10 MPa和10 000 h-1条件下活性增幅超过10%.     

氧化铈负载钌催化剂中钌表面密度对氨合成活性和氢中毒的影响

氨是关系国计民生的大宗化学品,也是氢能源的重要载体.目前,世界合成氨工业每年消耗约2％的世界总能源,并排放超过1％的CO2,节能降耗需求十分迫切,其中的关键在于高性能氨合成催化剂的开发.传统观点认为,B5活性位是钌催化剂上氮解离和氨合成的活性位,当钌粒子尺寸在1.8～2.5 nm时催化剂的B5活性位数量最多,而钌尺寸较小(0.7～0.8 nm)的催化剂几乎没有氨合成活性.本文通过改变钌负载量调变了氧化铈负载钌催化剂的钌表面浓度,证实钌粒子尺寸低于2.0nm时,氧化铈负载钌催化剂也具有较高的氨合成活性.XPS等表征结果证实:钌表面密度低于0.68 Ru nm-2时,钌主要以层状形式存在于氧化铈表面,层状钌与氧化铈紧密接触,电子从氧化铈的缺陷位传递给钌物种,在这种情况下,Ru 3d5/2的结合能有所下降,氮解离能力增强,这有利于提高催化剂的氨合成活性;当钌表面密度约为0.68 Ru nm-2时,钌金属传递电子给氧化铈,此时Ru 3d5/2结合能有所增加;当钌表面密度高于1.4 Ru nm-2后,钌物种优先在层状钌表面聚集成大尺寸钌纳米粒子,此时催化剂中同时存在钌团簇和钌纳米粒子,氧化铈载体对钌粒子电子性质的影响减弱,因此大尺寸钌金属颗粒Ru 3d5/2结合能又有所下降.另一方面,氢分子会在氧化铈表面形成均裂产物(两个OH基团)或异裂产物(Ce-H和OH).同时氢分子还会在0价钌金属表面解离形成氢原子,并进一步溢流到氧化铈表面与氧原子作用形成羟基.钌活性位上的氢物种比氧化铈中的氢更容易脱附,因此氧化铈中钌的存在不仅可以增强其氢吸附量,还降低了氢物种的吸附强度.当钌表面密度低时,氧化铈与钌的相互作用较强,催化剂中的氢物种容易溢流到氧化铈中形成羟基基团,此时催化剂的氢吸附能力增强,氢中毒问题较显著.当钌表面密度较高时,氢原子在大尺寸钌颗粒上移动、反应和脱附,因此催化剂的氢中毒问题也得到显著缓解.总之,对于氧化铈负载钌催化剂,氧化铈与钌金属之间的电子相互作用以及其吸附性质都会影响催化剂的氨合成活性,因此钌表面密度低于0.31 Ru nm-2以及约为2.1 Ru nm-2时,催化剂都展现出了较高的氨合成活性.本文将为设计制备高性能钌基氨合成催化剂提供理论指导.     

基于氮掺杂多孔炭的加氢催化剂的理性设计

选择性加氢反应是化学化工领域中最具挑战性的反应之一.针对选择性加氢反应来设计具有工业应用价值的负载型纳米催化剂一直是学术界和工业界的研究热点与难点.载体是负载型催化剂的重要组成部分,在不同类型的载体中,炭载体因其来源广、成本低、耐酸碱、具有高比表面积而被广泛采用.但是,由于炭材料本身相对惰性,炭与负载的金属之间相互作用较弱;此外,碳前驱体的种类甚至产地对炭载体性能影响也非常大,导致催化剂活性及稳定性难以满足工业要求,从而严重限制了炭负载型催化剂的发展.近年来,氮掺杂炭由于其独特的性质受到了广泛的关注,大量的研究证实氮原子的掺入有助于提高炭负载型纳米催化剂的催化效率.本文将重点关注氮掺杂多孔炭负载型催化剂在选择性加氢反应中的应用;最后,将讨论并展望如何基于氮掺杂炭理性设计新型负载型纳米金属催化剂.氮掺杂炭材料中的氮主要可分为石墨氮、吡啶氮、吡咯氮和氨基氮.氮的引入一方面可改变炭材料的局域电子密度,引发电子在载体与活性组分之间的重新分配,电子转移的方向和程度可通过氮掺杂形式(如吡啶型或石墨型氮等)及浓度进行调节,从而实现对活性组分电子结构的调控;另一方面,提供了孤对电子用于形成氢键网络,从而调节了催化剂的亲水性,改善了催化剂在反应体系中的分散性.而且丰富的氮物种可为活性组分提供了稳定的锚定位点,从而提高了活性组分在炭载体上的分散度和稳定性.此外,部分氮物种为催化剂提供了碱性位点,可作为固体碱参与反应,丰富了氮掺杂炭负载型催化剂的应用范围.本文将氮掺杂炭负载型催化剂分为以下四种类型:传统负载型、包覆型、镶嵌型以及单原子催化剂.传统负载型催化剂即以氮掺杂炭材料为载体,采用浸渍法或液相还原法等将活性组分负载其上,该类型催化剂已经被广泛研究和使用.对于包覆型和镶嵌型催化剂,其金属和载体间的相互作用要强于传统炭负载型催化剂,这种强相互作用可有效提升催化剂稳定性,更能使某些高活性亚稳相稳定存在,进而大幅增强催化性能.但是炭层的过度包覆会导致暴露的金属活性位点减少,进而影响催化剂的性能.最近,炭负载型单原子催化剂得到迅速发展,它有着独特的配位环境和微观结构,众多单原子催化剂(如镍、钌、金等)已在选择性加氢反应中展现出优异的催化性能,且在某些反应中表现出独特的选择性.最后,本文讨论了氮掺杂炭负载型加氢催化剂未来的发展方向.原始生物质是氮掺杂炭的理想原料,且制备过程应尽量避免模板剂的使用.丰富氮掺杂炭材料的形貌和微观结构,以应对不同的反应需求是今后的重点发展方向.贵金属催化剂拥有优异的催化性能,如何提升其稳定性是急需解决的问题.非贵金属催化剂的活性相对较低,多组分协同催化是提升其性能的有效方法,进一步的工业应用也值得期待.不含金属的氮掺杂炭直接催化加氢反应需要极为苛刻的反应条件,其工业应用前景相对较低.     

催化剂载体对硼氢化钠在纳米金电极上电氧化行为的影响

分别以中孔炭(MPC)和VXC-72R炭黑作载体,制备了中孔炭载纳米Au粒子(Au/MPC)和VXC-72R炭黑载纳米Au粒子(Au/CB),并将其用作直接硼氢化钠燃料电池阳极电氧化催化剂.分别用X-射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)等比较了不同载体催化剂的结构和形貌.结果表明,纳米Au粒子均为面心立方结构,Au/MPC中纳米Au粒子的粒径为16nm左右比Au/CB中的纳米Au粒子的更小,且均匀分散在载体的表面.用循环伏安曲线和动电位极化曲线等比较了不同载体催化剂的电化学特性.结果表明,Au/CB的电流密度为38.10mA·cm-2,而Au/MPC的电流密度达到42.88mA·cm-2,比Au/CB的电流密度提高了12.5%.     

高性能麦芽糖加氢Ru-B/SBA-15非晶态合金催化剂的制备

以介孔氧化硅(SBA-15)为载体, 采用超声辅助(NH₄)₂RuCl₆浸渍和BH₄^-还原法制备了负载型Ru-B催化剂, 并通过X射线衍射、X光电子能谱、差示扫描量热法和透射电子显微等技术表征了该催化剂.结果表明, 所制得的Ru-B-X/SBA-15催化剂具有非晶态合金结构, 且Ru-B颗粒高分散在SBA-15的孔道中.在液相麦芽糖加氢反应中, 与采用RuCl₃为金属源制得的Ru-B-C/SBA-15相比, Ru-B-X/SBA-15催化剂具有更高的活性, 是非负载型Ru-B-C催化剂的7倍以上, 且能重复套用11次而未发生显著的失活.     

磁性纳米粒子Fe3O4@PEI@Ru(OH)x催化的分子氧氧化醇-克脑文格尔串联反应

以聚乙烯亚胺改性的四氧化三铁纳米粒子为载体负载Ru(OH)_x得到负载钌催化剂Fe_3O_4@PEI@Ru(OH)_x.该催化剂在分子氧氧化醇-克脑文格尔缩合"一锅"串联反应中显示优良的催化性能,多种结构的醇被选择性地氧化为相应的醛进而与活性亚甲基化合物缩合生成相应的缩合产物.采用外磁铁可以很容易地将催化剂与反应混合物分离,实现催化剂的回收.然而,该催化剂的循环使用性能较差.电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-OES)分析证明催化剂在反应过程中没有发生钌的流失.X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析发现催化剂失活是由于反应过程中活性的Ru~(3+)被部分地氧化为非活性的Ru~(4+)所致.     

Supercritical,Freezing and Thermal Drying Process of Resorcinol‐Formaldehyde Polymer based Nano‐carbons and their Highly Loaded PtRu Anode Electrocatalyst for DMFC

The capillary condensation is affected by micropore and nanopore of catalyst layer on fuel cell. Due to limitation of sluggish mass transport and electrocatalytic activity, to retain the pore skeleton of carbon and metal nanoparticles are very significant for enhanced utilizations of pore structure in electrochemical reaction. Besides, thickness of electrocatalyst layer is very crucial due to one of the factor affected by cell performance of direct methanol fuel cell. Highly loaded four Pt?Ru anode catalysts supported on resorcinol‐formaldehyde (RF) polymer based on meso‐porous carbons (80 wt.% Pt?Ru/carbon cryogel, 80 wt.% Pt?Ru/carbon xerogel and 80 wt.% Pt?Ru/carbon aerogel) and conventional carbon (80 wt.% Pt?Ru/Vulcan XC‐72) were prepared by colloidal method for direct methanol fuel cell. These catalysts were characterized by X‐Ray diffraction (XRD), High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM) and X‐ray photoemission (XPS). The results of CO stripping voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and single cell test performed on DMFC show that Pt?Ru/carbon cryogel and Pt?Ru/carbon aerogel exhibits better performances in comparison to Pt?Ru/carbon xerogel and Pt?Ru/Vulcan XC‐72. It is thus considered that particle size, oxidation state of metal and electrochemical active surface area of these catalysts are important role in electrocatalytic activity in DMFC.     

Electrochemical infrared characterization of CO comains on ruthenium-decorated platinum nanoparticles

Spectra obtained by electrochemical infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (EC-IRAS) for carbon monoxide (CO) adlayers formed by partial CO dosing on various ruthenium-decorated platinum nanoparticle films are reported. The need to achieve a well distributed rather than aggregated metal nanoparticle array is demonstrated, given that such nanoparticle aggregates induce complex dielectric behavior. The strategy here is to use an "organic glue matrix" (short chain SAMs) between the nanoparticles and the gold substrates. The observed promotion in CO electrooxidation by the existence of a Ru island on Pt nanoparticles, of interest to fuel-cell catalysis, showed a strong relationship with Ru surface concentrations, consistent with previous studies on single crystal or polycrystalline bimetallic surfaces. Two distinctive CO infrared bands, one for the Pt-CO and one for Ru-CO domain were found after the dipole coupling of CO within the two CO domains was minimized. Interestingly, those two CO bands showed independent electrooxidation behavior with electrode potential changes. Also, it is shown that the electrooxidation of CO on large Ru islands is less facile than on small Ru islands. In addition, the activity of commercial Pt/Ru alloy nanoparticles to CO stripping was tested and IRAS spectra were reported as a comparison to our Ru-decorated Pt nanoparticles.     

Effect of the graphitic degree of carbon supports on the catalytic performance of ammonia synthesis over Ba-Ru-K/HSGC catalyst

A series of high surface area graphitic carbon materials （HSGCs） were prepared by ball-milling method. Effect of the graphitic degree of HSGCs on the catalytic performance of Ba-Ru-K/HSGC-x （x is the ball-milling time in hour） catalysts was studied using ammonia synthesis as a probe reaction. The graphitic degree and pore structure of HSGC-x supports could be successfully tuned via the variation of ball-milling time. Ru nanoparticles of different Ba-Ru-K/HSGC-x catalysts are homogeneously distributed on the supports with the particle sizes ranging from 1.6 to 2.0 nm. The graphitic degree of the support is closely related to its facile electron transfer capability and so plays an important role in improving the intrinsic catalytic performance of Ba-Ru-K/HSGC-x catalyst.     

Preparation and characterization of ruthenium/carbon aerogel nanocomposites via a supercritical fluid route

Carbon-aerogel-supported ruthenium nanoparticles were synthesized by impregnating carbon aerogels with Ru(acac)3 or Ru(cod)(tmhd)2 from supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) solutions, followed by thermal reduction of these precursors. Two different carbon aerogels with pore diameters of 4 and 21 nm were synthesized. The kinetics and the thermodynamics of impregnation of carbon aerogels with the ruthenium coordination complexes were studied. The approach-to-equilibrium data indicated very fast adsorption, and the adsorption isotherms were found to follow the Langmuir model. The impregnated carbon aerogel complexes were reduced thermally at different temperatures between 300 and 1000 degrees C in the presence of nitrogen. The resulting nanocomposites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and hydrogen chemisorption. TEM micrographs showed that the ruthenium nanoparticles were dispersed homogeneously throughout the porous carbon aerogel matrix, and the average sizes obtained under different conditions ranged from 1.7 to 3.8 nm. Once complete decomposition of the precursor had been achieved, the mean size of the ruthenium particles increased with increasing reduction temperature.     

Nanostructure PtRu/MWNTs as anode catalysts prepared in a vacuum for direct methanol oxidation

Platinum and ruthenium nanoparticles that are uniformly dispersed on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were synthesized by vacuum pyrolysis using Pt(acac)2 and Ru(acac)3 as the metal precursors. The resulting nanocomposites were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The Pt, Pt45Ru55, and Ru nanoparticles had mean diameters of 3.0 +/- 0.6, 2.7 +/- 0.6, and 2.5 +/- 0.4 nm and the same mole number as their metal precursors at 500 degrees C. The electrocatalytic activity of the Pt/MWNTs and PtRu/MWNTs was investigated at room temperature by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. All of the electrochemical results showed that the PtRu/MWNTs exhibited a high level of catalytic activity for methanol oxidation as a result of the large surface area of the supporting carbon nanotubes and the wide dispersion of the Pt and Ru nanoparticles. Compared with the Pt/MWNTs, the onset potential for methanol oxidation of the PtRu/MWNTs was significantly lower, and the ratio of the forward anodic peak current to the reverse anodic peak current during methanol oxidation was somewhat higher. The Pt45Ru55/MWNTs displayed the best electrocatalytic activity of all of the carbon-nanotube-supported Pt and PtRu catalysts.     

Microwave-assisted one-step synthesis of polyacrylamide-metal (M = Ag, Pt, Cu) nanocomposites in ethylene glycol

Polyacrylamide-metal (M = Pt, Ag, Cu) nanocomposites with metal nanoparticles homogeneously dispersed in the polymer matrix have been successfully prepared with the corresponding metal salt and acrylamide monomer in ethylene glycol by microwave heating. This method is based on the single-step simultaneous formation of metal nanoparticles and polymerization of the acrylamide monomer, leading to a homogeneous distribution of metal nanoparticles in the polyacrylamide matrix. Ethylene glycol acts as both a reducing reagent and a solvent, thus no additional reductant is needed. Another advantage is that no initiator for AM polymerization and no surfactant for stabilization of metal nanoparticles are necessary. The products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet visible (UV-vis) absorption spectra, and thermogravimetric (TG) and differential scanning calorimetric analysis (DSC).     

“非保护型”金属胶体纳米簇形成机理研究

碱-乙二醇法制备的"非保护型"金属及合金纳米簇由表面吸附的溶剂分子和简单离子实现稳定化,它们被广泛用于制备高性能复相催化剂和研究复相催化剂中的尺寸、组成、载体表面基团以及修饰剂对催化性能的影响。关于此类非保护金属纳米簇的形成过程及机理的认识尚有待进一步深化。本文采用原位快速扫描X射线吸收精细结构谱(QXAFS)、原位紫外-可见(UV-Vis)吸收光谱、透射电子显微镜和动态光散射技术研究了碱-乙二醇法合成中非保护型金属胶体纳米簇的形成过程与机理。结果表明,在碱-乙二醇法合成非保护型Pt金属纳米簇的过程中,室温下即有部分Pt(IV)被还原至Pt(II)。随着反应温度的升高,OH-逐渐取代与Pt离子配位的Cl-,在Pt―Pt键形成之前,反应体系的UV-Vis吸收光谱中可观察到明显的纳米粒子的散射信号,原位QXAFS分析表明Pt纳米簇是由Pt氧化物纳米粒子还原所形成的;在Ru金属纳米簇的形成过程中,OH-首先取代了Ru Cl_3中的Cl~-,形成羟基配合物Ru(OH) _6~(3-),后者进一步缩合形成氧化钌纳米粒子,最终Ru金属纳米簇由乙二醇还原氧化钌纳米粒子形成。由于先形成了氧化物纳米粒子,后续的还原反应被限制在氧化物纳米粒子内,使最终得到的非保护型金属纳米簇具有尺寸小、分布窄的特点。本工作所获得的知识对发展高性能能源转化催化剂、精细化学合成催化剂、传感器等功能体系具有重要意义。     

A novel synthetic route to metal–polymer nanocomposites by in situ suspension and bulk polymerizations

A novel strategy to synthesize hybrid metal–polymer nanocomposites has been achieved based on in situ free radical suspension and bulk polymerization techniques. An organometallic precursor complex is dissolved in a liquid monomer phase prior to polymerization, where upon the precursor molecules are immobilized inside the polymer matrix during its formation. In a separate step, metal nanoparticles are then formed by H₂-assisted reduction of the precursor in the polymer product in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂). The synthesized nanocomposites were characterized by GPC, TGA, SEM and TEM. It is shown that the metal nanoparticles are uniformly distributed inside the polymer matrix and the inclusion of the metal precursor has no significant influence on the polymerization process. The current work represents a simple and universal way to prepare a variety of metal–polymer nanocomposite functional materials.     

Ruthenium-carbon nanocomposite

TEM, XRPA, and EXAFS studies showed that pyrolysis of [Ru(dipy)₃](Cl)₂ formed planar, two-dimensional, nanoparticles of ruthenium metal, stabilized in the carbon matrix.     

Ruthenium nanoparticles embedded in mesoporous carbon microfibers: preparation, characterization and catalytic properties in the hydrogenation of D-glucose

Ruthenium (Ru) nanoparticles dispersed in mesoporous carbon microfibers were prepared using alumina microfibers as the templates via a chemical vapour deposition (CVD) route. Characterized data showed that Ru nanoparticles were embedded in the mesoporous carbon matrix. The samples were found to possess a specific surface area as high as 750 m(2) g(-1), pore sizes in the range of 3-5 nm, lengths in the range of 5-10 μm, and a width of about 0.5 μm. The Ru catalysts displayed a remarkably high catalytic activity and an excellent stability in the hydrogenation of D-glucose. The observed good catalyst performance is attributed to the carbon microfiber morphology, unblocked mesoporous structure, and the hydrogen spillover effect induced by the unique surface contact between the Ru nanoparticles and the carbon. In addition, the incorporation of nitrogen significantly improved the catalytic performance due to the enhanced hydrogen adsorption, better wettability, and modified electronic properties of the Ru.