抗蛋白质非特异性吸附材料及其在生物医学领域中的应用

生物材料是用于人体组织和器官的诊断、修复或增进其功能的一类高技术材料,但由于蛋白质非特异性吸附现象的普遍存在,对这些材料造成污染,有时甚至危及生命安全。因此,研究具有抗蛋白质非特异性吸附性能的材料已成为生物医用材料领域的研究热点。本文首先介绍了蛋白质的吸附过程及材料抗蛋白质吸附的机理,重点综述了生物医学领域中广受关注的抗蛋白质吸附材料及其在生物医学领域中的应用,并对未来的发展趋势做了展望。     

硼吸附材料及其性能

硼酸作为一种重要的化学品,广泛应用于工业生产及高尖端技术领域。由于在其生产和应用过程中产生大量含硼废水,从水溶液中回收或脱除硼对资源的重复利用、降低环境污染等都有重要意义。吸附法提硼具有深度脱硼、杂质去除彻底、吸附剂可循环利用和工艺简单等优势,是一种高效脱硼方法,其核心问题在于设计与制备硼吸附容量大、机械强度高且易再生的吸附材料。本文综述了近年来国内外硼吸附材料的类型及其吸附性能,按照吸附功能团的结构将硼吸附材料进行划分,着重介绍了目前应用最广的葡甲胺类吸附剂和最具发展前景的含双酚羟基功能团的吸附剂的研究与应用情况,同时介绍了新型有机-无机杂化硼吸附材料,并指出了今后硼吸附材料的发展趋势,为盐湖卤水提硼、淡化海水脱硼和废水除硼等应用开发中硼吸附材料的选择提供重要参考。     

生物吸附材料吸附水中砷的研究进展

砷是严重威胁人类健康的剧毒元素之一,近年来对砷的吸附研究成为人们关注的热点之一。壳聚糖、纤维素、微生物等生物吸附材料具有生产成本低、环境友好等优点,因而被作为新型的生物吸附材料得到广泛应用。本文综述了生物吸附材料在饮用水、地下水和工业废水处理中的应用研究,以及国内外的最新研究进展。     

多孔氧化物块体材料的制备及其对重金属离子吸附研究进展

目前去除重金属离子的方法较多,其中吸附法因操作简单、经济性好而被广泛使用。多孔氧化物块体材料作为新兴的吸附材料具有比表面积高、机械强度高及可回收性好等特点,但吸附选择性差以及孔结构单一的缺陷限制了其在水体重金属处理中的应用。本文详细叙述了多孔氧化物块体材料的多种制备方法,并分别讨论了各方法的优势及其不足。介绍了近几年研究较多的多孔氧化物块体材料及其制备方法与特性。最后,对多孔氧化物块体材料对 Pb、Cd及 Cr等重金属离子吸附性能的影响因素及改善措施方面进行了总结分析,并指出多种材料的复合、材料表面的接枝改性及分级多孔结构的构建会增强对重金属离子的吸附性能。期望本文为多孔氧化物块体材料的制备及其在重金属离子吸附方面的应用提供参考。     

介孔吸附常用经典分析模型的比较

对介孔材料的孔特征进行科学表征是其开发与应用的关键环节之一。本文简要介绍了介孔吸附相关知识和常用经典分析模型的发展历史、应用范围和各自特点,将经典介孔分析方法分为有模型法、无模型法、完全无模型法、逆向法四类,对这些分析方法和3种常用的介孔分析软件进行了对比分析,这些内容对吸附仪管理人员、介孔材料的教学和研究具有一定的参考价值。     

医用活性高分子吸附材料在血液灌流临床应用的进展

本文报道了医用活性高分子吸附材料在血液净化中的应用，着重介绍各种吸附材料的性能及其在血液灌流、血液灌流和血液透析联合治疗有关疾病的新进展。     

焦粉基碳吸附材料对铜(Ⅱ)离子吸附特性

采用硝酸预氧化焦粉、氯化锌化学活化法制备了焦粉基碳吸附材料。 考察了焦粉基碳吸附材料对水中铜(Ⅱ)离子的吸附特性。 实验结果表明,焦粉基碳吸附材料吸附平衡时间90 min,该吸附过程符合Langmuir型吸附模型;不同温度下的ΔHθ＞0、ΔGθ＜0,证实其吸附过程是一个自发吸热过程;ΔSθ＞0,表明铜离子在固液界面有序性减小、混乱度增大。 对实验数据进行数学模型拟合,二级相关系数R2=0.999 1,显示吸附过程动力学与二级动力学模型相关性较好。     

膨润土吸附材料在有机污染控制中的应用

由于特殊的天然二维纳米结构,膨润土改性吸附材料在有机污染控制与修复中有广阔的应用前景.本文重点评述了膨润土吸附材料对有机污染物的吸附作用机制、构-效关系,简要总结其在有机废水、废气处理、土壤污染控制与修复等方面的应用进展,并展望了今后的重点研究方向.     

金属有机骨架材料在吸附分离研究中的应用进展

作为一种新型的纳米多孔材料,金属有机骨架材料（Metal-Organic Frameworks,MOFs）在近二十余年中得到了飞速的发展.MOFs材料由无机金属离子和有机配体通过自组装形成,具有许多优于传统多孔材料的特性.超高的比表面积、较高的孔隙率、可调的孔道尺寸、良好的热稳定性和化学稳定性使得MOFs材料在多个领域中展现出了广阔的应用前景.随着研究的不断深入,MOFs材料被广泛应用于催化反应、吸附分离、生物医学等领域中,并表现出了优异的效果.本文着力于近年来MOFs材料在吸附分离研究中的进展,重点介绍了这类材料在能源气体贮存、碳捕获、膜分离、液相吸附、色谱的分离净化方面的应用,并对其今后的发展进行了展望.     

功能化介孔材料在环境领域的应用研究进展

介孔材料是一种具有较大比表面积和高度有序孔道结构的材料,而功能化介孔材料是将介孔材料改性而使其具有不同的功能。这种材料由于具有极好的吸附和催化性能而被广泛应用于环境领域中。本文总结了功能化介孔材料的制备方法,包括引入官能团、掺杂金属和酸改性;探讨分析了几种制备方法下的功能化介孔材料的特点和应用前景;重点介绍了功能化介孔材料在吸附重金属、有机污染物、染料、CO2以及催化领域的研究进展;最后展望了未来功能化介孔材料的应用前景和发展趋势,以期为功能化介孔材料的发展提供参考和指明方向。     

共价有机框架材料应用进展

共价有机框架材料(COFs)由C、H、N、O等轻质元素组成,是一种通过共价键连接的晶型材料。近十年来发展迅速,受到研究人员的密切关注。COFs具有良好的稳定性、低密度、规则有序的孔道结构、结构的可预测性和可设计性等优点,被广泛应用到吸附、催化、储能、生物传感器和荧光识别等重要领域,但其存在合成困难、合成方法有限等问题。文章回顾了COFs材料的发展背景,选取吸附、催化、储能这三个方面的应用进行详细说明,分析COFs材料能被应用到这三个领域的原因,列举最新的研究成果,并阐述了COFs与特定分子结合在不同条件下应用的机理,总结各领域应用的异同,分析在应用中存在的主要问题。最后,对于COFs材料自身以及在应用中存在的问题提出针对性的建议。     

大孔吸附树脂的吸附机理

大孔吸附树脂(macroprous adsorption resin, MAR)是近几十年发展起来的一种具有多孔立体结构、人工合成的有机高分子聚合物。由于其特殊的理化性质和吸附性能,已被广泛应用于化学、医药、环保和食品等领域。本文介绍了近年来国内外对大孔吸附树脂在吸附机理研究方面的进展,重点介绍了不同温度条件下大孔吸附树脂对靶标分子的吸附热力学行为模式,靶标分子在大孔吸附树脂表面及孔内的吸附扩散行为模式。此外,大孔吸附树脂性能参数和靶标分子结构参数之间构效关系也对其吸附选择性规律具有重要的影响。因此,大孔吸附树脂与底物间构效关系的匹配程度及其对选择性的影响是大孔吸附树脂分离理论研究的核心。本文最后介绍了可以准确客观描述吸附过程并具有一定使用范围的大孔吸附树脂吸附模型的建立和评价。     

超分子大环化合物用于染料吸附的研究进展

染料在许多工业领域中的长期广泛使用,带来了严重的环境水污染问题,威胁人类健康,因此有效地从水中去除染料是亟待解决的问题。吸附由于具有高效、简单和低成本的优点而成为降低水中染料含量最有吸引力的技术之一。吸附剂的选择对染料的高效吸附至关重要。具有大环空腔的超分子大环化合物作为主体分子对很多客体分子都具有较强的吸附作用,其作为染料吸附剂得到了极其广泛的关注。该文综述了基于大环化合物的吸附剂的制备及用于水体中染料去除的研究,对各种吸附剂的吸附性能进行了讨论,并对基于大环化合物的染料吸附剂的未来发展提出展望。     

Water Adsorption and Transport on Oxidized Two-Dimensional Carbon Materials

Studies on the adsorption and transport of water molecules with oxidized two-dimensional (2 D) carbon materials have attracted increasing interest owing to their wide range of applications, such as sensing, energy conversion, and membrane separation. In this contribution, the interaction between water molecules and oxidized 2 D carbon materials (i.e., graphene oxide and graphdiyne oxide) is discussed, the influence of water adsorption and transport on the physicochemical properties of 2 D carbon materials is presented, and the recent progress on oxidized 2 D carbon material-based proton conduction, electricity generation, water transport, and humidity sensing is highlighted. The opportunities and challenges in these research fields are discussed, especially the structural stability and chemical modification of 2 D carbon materials.     

Zeolite-Polymer Composite Materials as Water Scavenger

The influence of the charge compensating cation nature (Na⁺, Mg²⁺) on the water adsorption properties of LTA-type zeolites used as filler in composite materials (zeolite/polymers) was investigated. Large scale cation exchanges were performed on zeolite powder at 80 °C for 2 h using 1 M magnesium chloride (MgCl₂) aqueous solutions. XRF, ICP, and EDX analyses indicate a successful cationic exchange process without the modification of the zeolite structure as shown by XRD and solid-state NMR analyses. Composite materials (granulates and molded parts) were manufactured using to extrusion and injection processes. In the case of MgA zeolite, nitrogen adsorption–desorption experiments allowed us to measure a microporous volume, unlike NaA zeolite, which is non-porous to nitrogen probe molecule. SEM and EDX analyses highlighted the homogeneous distribution of zeolite crystals into the polymer matrix. Water adsorption capacities confirmed that the trends observed in the zeolite powder samples are preserved after dragging zeolites into composite formulations. Granulates and molded parts composite samples containing the magnesium exchanged zeolite showed an increase of their water adsorption capacity up to +27% in comparison to composite samples containing the non-exchanged zeolite. The MgA composite is more promising for water decontamination applications due to its higher water adsorption properties than the NaA composite.     

盾构渣土基碳复合陶粒的制备及除磷性能

以固体废弃物地铁盾构渣土、稻草秸秆和氧化镁为主要原料,通过烧结法制备了一种盾构渣土基碳复合陶粒。考察了陶粒吸附磷的主要影响因素及平衡吸附量,并采用模型对实验数据进行拟合分析。结果表明,当盾构渣土、稻草秸秆粉末和氧化镁质量比为7∶2∶1,在最佳烧结条件700℃烧结可得到除磷性能最佳的陶粒。当吸附pH=6.3时,陶粒具有较高的磷吸附性能。吸附在12 h内基本能达到吸附平衡,该过程适合准二级动力学方程。盾构渣土基碳复合陶粒对磷酸盐的吸附符合Temkin等温模型,随温度升高吸附量逐渐增大,40℃下最大吸附量为12.76 mg/g。热力学参数ΔH=5.64 k J/mol0,ΔS=8.00 J/(K·mol)0,ΔG=3.16 k J/mol0,呈吸热、非自发的热力学特征,陶粒吸附磷后可通过2.0 mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液重新解吸回收。     

What is the correct form of BET isotherm for modeling liquid phase adsorption?

In this work subtleties of application of BET isotherm for liquid phase adsorption is presented. It has been shown that direct use of the classical BET equation (which was developed for gas phase adsorption) to liquid phase adsorption leads to ambiguous and erroneous results. Some cases of misuse of BET equation for liquid phase adsorption have been revisited. By close examination of the development of the classical equation, the causes of misunderstandings were elucidated and the suitable form of the BET equation for liquid phase adsorption was developed. As case studies, the classical form of the BET equation along with the correct form of the equation for liquid phase have been applied for modeling liquid phase adsorption of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) on perfluorooctyl alumina, phenol on activated carbon and pentachlorophenol on carbonized bark. It has been shown that direct application of the classical BET isotherm to liquid phase adsorption results in poor and erroneous estimation of the equation parameters. For example, in aqueous phase adsorption of MTBE on perfluorooctyl alumina, the monolayer adsorption capacity of the adsorbent was calculated as 9.7 mg/g instead of 3.3 mg/g or the saturation concentration of MTBE in water was calculated as 1212 mg/L instead of 42000 mg/L.     

Analysis of the Micropore Structure of Various Microporous Materials from Nitrogen Adsorption at 77 K

The micropore structure of four microporous materials (two zeolites, ZSM-5 and Y-82; an activated carbon and an alumina pillared clay) and their binary physical mixtures (50-50 wt%) have been examined by nitrogen adsorption at 77 K. Various micropore sizes have been considered from the stages on the micropore filling mechanism in the microporous materials. The application of the Dubinin-Astakhov (DA) equation to characterize and obtain the adsorption potential distributions of the microporous materials is presented.     

螯合吸附分离功能纤维的研究进展

螯合纤堆是一类能与金属离子形成多配位络合物的纤堆状吸附功能材料,是近年来发展起来的一种新型离子交换纤堆,具有吸附选择性高、易洗脱、容易再生等优点。综述了近年来螯合纤堆的制备方法及种类,对其螯合机理进行了探讨,概括了该纤堆的应用范围并指出了其应用前景。     

Post‐Synthetic Polymerization of UiO‐66‐NH2 Nanoparticles and Polyurethane Oligomer toward Stand‐Alone Membranes for Dye Removal and Separation

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are widely used as porous materials in the fields of adsorption and separation. However, their practical application is largely hindered by limitations to their processability. Herein, new UiO‐66‐Urea‐based flexible membranes with MOF loadings of 50 ( 1 ), 60 ( 2 ), and 70 wt % ( 3 ) were designed and prepared by post‐synthetic polymerization of UiO‐66‐NH₂ nanoparticles and a polyurethane oligomer under mild conditions. The adsorption behavior of membrane 3 towards four hydrophilic dyes, namely, eosin Y (EY), rhodamine B (RB), malachite green (MG), and methylene blue (MB), in aqueous solution was studied in detail. It exhibits strong adsorption of EY and RB but weak adsorption of MG and MB in aqueous solution. Owing to the selective adsorption of these hydrophilic dyes, membrane 3 can remove EY and RB from aqueous solution and completely separate EY/MB, RB/MG, and RB/MB mixtures in aqueous solution. In addition, the membrane is uniformly textured, easily handled, and can be reused for dye adsorption and separation.