多孔氧化物块体材料的制备及其对重金属离子吸附研究进展

目前去除重金属离子的方法较多,其中吸附法因操作简单、经济性好而被广泛使用。多孔氧化物块体材料作为新兴的吸附材料具有比表面积高、机械强度高及可回收性好等特点,但吸附选择性差以及孔结构单一的缺陷限制了其在水体重金属处理中的应用。本文详细叙述了多孔氧化物块体材料的多种制备方法,并分别讨论了各方法的优势及其不足。介绍了近几年研究较多的多孔氧化物块体材料及其制备方法与特性。最后,对多孔氧化物块体材料对 Pb、Cd及 Cr等重金属离子吸附性能的影响因素及改善措施方面进行了总结分析,并指出多种材料的复合、材料表面的接枝改性及分级多孔结构的构建会增强对重金属离子的吸附性能。期望本文为多孔氧化物块体材料的制备及其在重金属离子吸附方面的应用提供参考。

Advances in Preparation of Porous Oxide Monoliths and Their Applications in Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions

There are many methods for removing heavy metal ions, among which the adsorption method is widely used because of its simple operation and economical efficiency. As emerging adsorption materials, porous oxide monolithic materials have a high specific surface area, high mechanical strength, and good recyclability. Still, the poor adsorption selectivity and single pore structure limit their application in treating heavy metals in water. In this paper, various preparation methods of porous oxide monolithic materials are described in detail, and the advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed separately. The porous oxide monoliths studied in recent years are summarized, and the preparation methods and characteristics are introduced. Finally, the influence factors and improvement measures of porous oxide monoliths on the adsorption performance of heavy metal ions such as Pb, Cd, and Cr are summarized and analyzed. It is pointed out that the composite of various materials, the graft modification of the material surface and the construction of a hierarchical porous structure will enhance the adsorption performance of heavy metal ions. This paper is expected to provide a reference for the preparation of porous oxide monoliths materials and their applications in heavy metal ion adsorption.