反式-9, 10-二氢-9, 10-二(1-萘基)-9, 10-菲二醇的包合现象 与晶体结构

按文献方法合成了一个螯形主体分子,反式-9,10-二氢-9,10-二(1-萘基)-9,10-菲二醇。研究发现该主体可以和一些含氮杂环化合物形成一定比例的晶体包合物。用X-射线衍射分析二环己胺包合物的晶体结构表明,包合物中主客体之间存在O-H…N氢键相互作用,客体分子包合在主体分子形成的空腔中。     

七元瓜环与N,N′-二烷基-1,3-(4,4′-二吡啶基)丙烷衍生物的相互作用

以1,3-(4,4′-二吡啶基)丙烷为母体,合成了N,N′-二乙基\,二丁基\,二己基以及二辛基1,3-(4,4′-二吡啶基)丙烷衍生物.利用 1H NMR技术和紫外吸收光谱法,考察了Q[7]与上述链状吡啶衍生物的相互作用.实验结果表明,Q[7]与客体PC0,PC2作用,瓜环包结客体的二吡啶基丙烷部分形成1∶1的包结配合物;对于取代烷基碳链数大于4的N,N′-二烷基-1,3-(4,4′-二吡啶基)丙烷衍生物,随着主体与客体摩尔比值的增加,体系中主-客体相互作用的主导模式是Q[7]逐渐包结了客体二吡啶基丙烷部分,进而形成Q[7]包结客体两端取代烷基,甚至形成一个客体分子上"挂满"3个主体瓜环的包结物.     

七元瓜环与N,N’-二烷基-1,3-(4,4’-二吡啶基)丙烷衍生物的相互作用

以1,3-(4,4’-二吡啶基)丙烷为母体, 合成了N,N’-二乙基、二丁基、二己基以及二辛基1,3-(4,4’-二吡啶基)丙烷衍生物. 利用1H NMR技术和紫外吸收光谱法, 考察了Q[7]与上述链状吡啶衍生物的相互作用. 实验结果表明, Q[7]与客体PC0, PC2作用, 瓜环包结客体的二吡啶基丙烷部分形成1∶1的包结配合物; 对于取代烷基碳链数大于4的N,N’-二烷基-1,3-(4,4’-二吡啶基)丙烷衍生物, 随着主体与客体摩尔比值的增加, 体系中主-客体相互作用的主导模式是Q[7]逐渐包结了客体二吡啶基丙烷部分, 进而形成Q[7]包结客体两端取代烷基, 甚至形成一个客体分子上“挂满”3个主体瓜环的包结物.     

螯形二羟基主体分子的包结性能与其结构关系的研究

报道了螯形主体分子，反式－9，10－二－1'－萘基－9，10－菲二醇（1）， 能与多种含氮有机化合物，诸如喹啉、异喹啉、哌啶、二环已胺等形成包化合物； 而反式－9，10－二苄基－9，10－菲二醇（2）则不具有包结性能。还报道了这些 包结化合物的IR，粉末XRD的表征，用~1H NMR谱测定了它们的分子摩尔比，分别为 （1）／喹啉(1:2), (1)/异喹啉(1:2)，（1）／哌啶（1:2）和（1）／二环忆胺 (1:2)。用单晶X射线衍射法测定了（1）与二环忆胺包结物以及（2）的结构，结果 表明前者属正交晶系，空间群为Pnca(标准型Pbca)，晶胞参数: a = 1.6714(3) nm, b = 1.6875(3) nm, c = 1.7224(3) nm, V = 4.858 nm~3, Z = 8，形成了隧 道型配位笼状包合物。后者属三斜晶系，空间群为P1-bar，晶胞参数: a = 0. 8058(2) nm , b = 0.9715 (2) nm, c = 1.4437(3) nm, α = 109.59(3)°, β = 95.96(3)°, γ = 96.03(2)°, V = 1.0471 nm~3, Z = 2, 还比较了(1)和(2) 的结构差异，分析了(1)的结构和包结性能的关系。     

八元瓜环与二(2-亚甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉)的自组装模式

以用1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉和二溴乙烷合成的二(2-亚甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉)的溴化氢酸盐为客体, 八元瓜环为主体, 利用1H NMR技术, 单晶X射线衍射方法以及理论计算等方法, 考察了两者的自组装模式. 1H NMR分析结果表明, 在溶液状态条件下, 不仅每一个八元瓜环分子同时与两个客体分子的芳环部分相互作用, 而且每一个客体分子两端的芳环部分同时与两个八元瓜环分子相互作用, 从而形成一维的自组装超分子链; 而在固体状态下, 每一个八元瓜环也可同时包结两个客体的芳环部分而形成三元的自组装结构, 但八元瓜环包结两个客体形成一独立的三元自组装结构. 利用晶体结构建立模型的计算结果说明, 模拟溶液状态比固体状态条件下的主客体包结更有利于体系能量的降低, 与主客体在溶液中1H NMR实验结果相符.     

六元瓜环与二氯化-1,8-二(2-苯并咪唑基)辛烷的自组装模式

采用¹H NMR、 荧光光谱和紫外吸收光谱法考察了主体六元瓜环与合成客体二氯化-1,8-二(2-苯并咪唑基)辛烷的自组装模式. 结果表明, 六元瓜环能与二氯化-1,8-二(2-苯并咪唑基)辛烷发生相互作用, 瓜环包结客体分子的苯并咪唑基团, 烷基链置于瓜环端口外侧. 自组装模式与主客体的摩尔比密切相关. 当主客体的摩尔比为1:1时, 1个瓜环包结客体分子的一端苯并咪唑基团形成棒槌形的包结配合物; 当主客体的摩尔比为2:1时, 2个瓜环分别包结客体分子的两端苯并咪唑基团形成哑铃型的主客体包结配合物.     

9, 9-二(3-氨基-4-羟基苯基)呫吨的合成

以醋酸酐为溶剂, 将9, 9-二(4-羟基苯基)呫吨与浓硝酸在15 ℃左右发生硝化反应1.5 h, 形成中间体-9, 9-二(3-硝基-4-羟基苯基)呫吨, 产率为88.5%;继而以Pd/C 为催化剂, 80%的水合肼为还原剂, 在乙醇和1, 4-二氧六环混合溶剂中, 于70 ℃将中间体进行还原反应10 h, 得到目标产物9, 9-二(3-氨基-4-羟基苯基)呫吨, 产率为90.8%, 两步反应总收率为80.4%。 中间体与目标化合物经NMR、FTIR和元素分析等确定了它们的结构。     

六元瓜环、对称四甲基六元瓜环与2,2'-(1,8-辛烷)-二异喹啉二溴化物的自组装模式

利用核磁共振波谱、 紫外吸收光谱、 荧光光谱和单晶X射线衍射分析等考察了六元瓜环(Q[6])及对称四甲基六元瓜环(TMeQ[6])与2,2'-(1,8-辛烷)-二异喹啉二溴化物的相互作用. 实验结果表明, 客体分子分别与这2种瓜环自组装形成相似的1∶1包结配合物, 但晶体结构分析结果表明两个体系在主客体分子间作用力诱导下形成了不同的空间堆积模式, 其包结常数分别为K_K8-Q[6]=4.18×10⁷ L/mol, K_K8-TMeQ[6]=6.11×10⁷ L/mol.     

七元瓜环与N,N’-二甲基-苯甲基-1,10-二氨基癸烷的超分子自组装

设计合成了具有多个作用位点的长链分子N,N’-二甲基-苯甲基-1,10二氨基癸烷(C10DA)并将其作为客体,利用1H NMR、紫外吸收光谱及荧光光谱等手段考察了C10DA与七元瓜环(主体)的相互作用,以及形成的主客体包结配合物的结构特征.结果表明,随着主客体摩尔比的变化,其作用模式从类轮烷型包结配合物转变成哑铃型包结配合物,这一特性在分子器件的制备方面具有潜在的应用前景.     

CH/π, CH/O弱氢键在2,6-二(α-苯基苄基)-1,5-萘二酚主体分子包结物构筑中的作用

设计、合成了一种新的主体分子2,6-二(α-苯基苄基)-1,5-萘二酚 (1). 它可与许多有机小分子形成配位包合物. 用IR和¹H NMR表征了配位包结物, 并测定了主客体分子的摩尔比: 1•DMF (1∶1), 1•DMSO (1∶2), 1•吡啶 (1∶1), 1•喹啉(1∶2), 1•N-甲基吡咯烷酮(1∶1). 用单晶X衍射分析了包结物 (1)•DMF的晶体结构, 属三斜晶系, 晶胞参数为P-1, a＝0.9085(9) nm, b＝0.9501(6) nm, c＝2.0995(6) nm, α＝99.59(3)°, β＝90.13(4)°, γ＝96.20(7)°, V＝1.776(2) nm³, D_c＝1.898 g•cm^－3. 结果表明, 主体分子间的CH/π弱氢键在决定主体分子的层状框架结构和客体分子在层间的填充方式中发挥了重要作用; 两种不等效的客体分子与主体分子的作用方式是不同的, 一种客体分子是通过CH/π, CH/O弱氢键与同层的不同主体分子相互作用, 另一种是通过CH/π, CH/O弱氢键与相邻层的不同主体分子相互作用.     

Studies on hydroxy inclusion complexes. I. Host-guest interaction of the molecular complexes of 9-hydroxy-9-(1-propynyl) fluorene and 1,1-Bis (2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2-butyn-1-ol with water,methanol, ethanol,andn-propanol

Molecular inclusion by hydroxy host systems (9-hydroxy-9-(1-propynyl)fluorene+guest and 1,1-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2-butyn-1-ol+guest) has been investigated by using an empirical potential function. Water, methanol, ethanol, andn-propanol have been employed as guest molecules and their relative stabilities are considered. Alcohol is found to be more suitable than water as a guest molecule in the two tested host molecules. It is also found that the nonbonded interaction is the most important factor in determining the relative stabilities of hydroxy host systems.     

螯形主体分子的设计、包结性能及其在细辛挥发油 有效成分选择分离中的应用

设计了两种新的具有螯形骨架的主体分子反式-1,2-二苯基-1,2-苊二醇(1)和顺式-1,2-二(1'-萘基)-1,2-苊二醇(2),主体(1),(2)可与许多有机小分子化合物形成配位包合物。用IR和粉末XRD表征了主体分子(1)和(2)的包结物,用^1NMR测定了包结物的主客体分子摩尔比：(1)·DMF(1:2),(1)·DMSO(1:2),(1)·THF(1:2),(1)·二氧六环(1:1),(1)·吡啶(1:1),(2)·DMF(1:1)和(2)·DMSO(1:1)。单晶X射线衍射分析了包结物的晶体结构,(1)·DMF：空间群Pnaa,a=0.9377(1)nm,b=1.4351(1)nm,c=4.0463(3)nm;(1)·DMSO：空间群Pbcn,a=1.6278(1)nm,b=1.0751(1)nm,c=1.4980(1)nm;(2)·DMF：P2~1/n,a=0.9796(1)nm,b=1.2377(1)nm,c=2.2344(3)nm,β=93.02(1)°;游离主体(1)：空间群P1,a=1.0461(1)nm,b=1.1213(1)nm,c=1.5496(1)nm,α=81.74(1)°,β=75.71(1)°,γ=89.00(1)°;分析了主体分子的刚性和柔韧性对包结性能的影响。并研究了主体分子(1)选择分离细辛挥发油,将顺甲基异丁香酚从挥发油中分离出来。     

Photo-induced Coupling Reaction of 1, 1-Diphenyl-2, 2-dicyanoethylene with 10-Methyl-9, 10-dihydroacridine

In a previous communication1, we reported a novel photo-induced coupling of 9-fluorenylidenemalononitrile 1 with the coenzyme NADH model 10-methyl-9, 10-dihydroacridine (AcrH2) to give 9-dicyanomethyl-9-(10-methyl-9-acridinyl)fluorene and proposed a mechanism involving photo-induced electron transfer-proton transfer and radical coupling. This is a scarce mechanism for the reaction of NADH models2, which usually takes place by a formal hydride transfer pathway3. In view of the novelty of t…     

Inclusion Complexes of Coenzyme Q10 with Polyamine‐Modified β‐Cyclodextrins: Characterization,Solubilization, and Inclusion Mode

The inclusion‐complexation behavior of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) with the three polyamine‐modified β‐cyclodextrins (CDs) 1 – 3 was investigated in both solution and the solid state by means of NMR, XRD, and FT‐IR spectroscopy. The results showed that the apparent solubility of CoQ10 increased linearly upon addition of hosts 1 – 3 , giving A_L‐type phase‐solubility curves. These hosts 1 – 3 were able to solubilize CoQ10 to high levels, up to 1.35, 1.52, and 1.44 mg/ml (calculated as CoQ10), respectively. The host 2 with a moderate‐length chain is the most suitable for inclusion complexation of CoQ10. Accroding to the ROESY experiments, the MeO groups of CoQ10 and the tether of 2 can be co‐included into the cavity of β‐CD through the induced‐fit interaction between host and guest. The binding ability of modified β‐CDs 1 – 3 upon complexation with CoQ10 are discussed from the viewpoints of the size/shape‐matching relationship and the induced‐fit concept between host CDs and guest CoQ10 molecule.     

Amphiphilic Inclusion Spaces for Various Guests and Regulation of Fluorescence Intensity of 1,8‐Bis(4‐aminophenyl)anthracene Crystals

A host framework for inclusion of various guest molecules was investigated by preparation of inclusion crystals of 1,8‐bis(4‐aminophenyl)anthracene (1,8‐BAPA) with organic solvents. X‐ray crystallographic analysis revealed construction of the same inclusion space incorporating 1,8‐BAPA and eight guest molecules including both non‐polar (benzene) and polar guests (N,N‐dimethylformamide, DMF). Fluorescence efficiencies varied depending on guest molecule polarity; DMF inclusion crystals exhibited the highest fluorescence intensity (Φ_F=0.40), four times as high as that of a benzene inclusion crystal (Φ_F=0.10). According to systematic investigations of inclusion phenomena, strong host–guest interactions and filling of the inclusion space led to a high fluorescence intensity. Temperature‐dependent fluorescence spectral measurements revealed these factors effectively immobilised the host framework. Although hydrogen bonding commonly decreases fluorescence intensity, the present study demonstrated that such strong interactions provide excellent conditions for fluorescence enhancement. Thus, this remarkable behaviour has potential application toward sensing of highly polar molecules, such as biogenic compounds.     

球形主体分子的包结性能及其在制备有机非线性光学材料 中的应用

提出了球形主体分子的设计思想,把具有球形结构的分子柏木醇(1)、马钱子碱(2)、三乙烯二胺(1,4-二氮-二环[2.2.2]辛烷(3)作为主体分子,把酚类化合物,诸如苯酚(4)、邻甲苯酚(5)、间甲苯酚(6)、对甲苯酚(7)、对氯苯酚(8)和对硝基苯酚(11)等作为客体分子,进行了主客体分子相素作用实验,采用粉末X射线衍射、1^HNMR等分析手段确认了包结化合物的形成及主客体分子的摩尔比,摩尔比(H/G)分别为(1)+(4)1:1,(1)+(5)1:1,(1)+(6)1:1,(1)+(7)1:1,(1)+(11)1:2,(2)+(11)1:1,(3)+(4)1:2,(3)+(5)1:3,(3)+(6)1:2,(3)+(7)1:2,(3)+(8)1:2,(3)+(11)1:2,对典型包结化合物的单晶,诸如柏木醇和邻甲苯酚、马钱子碱和对硝基苯酚以及三乙烯二胺和对硝基苯酚,进行了四圆X射线衍射结构分析,结果表明,包结化合物的堆砌结构特征随主体分子的体积大小而改变,从隧道型如(1)+(5)和(2)+(11)转变为夹层型如(3)+(11)。用Nd:YAG激光测试晶体的SHG效应,结果表明,大部分包结物晶体具有非线性光学性质。     

(6,17-Dimethyl-8,15-diphenyldibenzo[b,i][1,4,8,11]-tetra-aza[14]annulenato)nickel(II) in solids: two guest-free polymorphs and inclusion compounds with methylene chloride and fullerene (C(60))-carbon disulfide

Two guest-free polymorphs and two inclusion compounds of the macrocyclic title complex [NiL] have been isolated and characterized with single-crystal and/or powder XRD, solid-state (13)C NMR, and other methods. The inclusion compound with methylene chloride, [NiL](CH(2)Cl(2)), is stable in air and thermally stable up to approximately 128 degrees C. Its crystal structure is consistent with van der Waals packing of the host [NiL] and guest CH(2)Cl(2) molecules. The host complex has square-planar coordination of the nickel(II) center with four nitrogen atoms of the macrocycle with an average Ni-N distance of 1.86 A. The molecule has a saddle-shaped conformation with the guest molecule located between one phenylene and two phenyl rings of the host molecule. Isostructural compounds with chloroform and 2-chloropropane form only as mixtures along with a guest-free host polymorph. The inclusion compound with C(60) has a composition 3[NiL]*(C(60))*2(CS(2)) and here also the crystal structure is consistent with a van der Waals type of packing. Three crystallographically inequivalent [NiL] molecules have geometries similar to that in the inclusion compound with methylene chloride. The concave surfaces of the complex molecules form a spherical cavity for the C(60) molecule. At -100 degrees C the C(60) molecule is disordered over two orientations centered at the same site. (13)C NMR studies at room temperature show that the C(60) molecule is undergoing rapid pseudo-isotropic rotation. The stability and other properties of the title and related complexes are discussed.