基于微热板表面离子化源的离子迁移率谱仪研究

根据表面离化机理和离子迁移率谱检测方式,设计和制备了一种基于表面离化源的离子迁移率谱仪(IMS)。表面离化源为采用微机电系统(MEMS)工艺加工的微热板阵列,除了作为离子产生器,还作为漂移管的一个离子栅,用以实现离子向漂移区的注入。测试了该IMS对三乙胺的响应特性并研究了离子注入时间对离子迁移率谱的影响。结果表明,基于微热板表面离化源的离子迁移率谱仪对三乙胺具有很好的动态响应特性,三乙胺浓度的平方根与离子峰面积具有较好的线性关系,检出限可达6×10-8(V/V)。此外,与传统的放射离化IMS相比,这种IMS还具有离子注入时间短和离子迁移率谱基电流为零等特点。     

一种新型二次离子质谱的一次离子源及其离子光学系统

本研究设计了一种新型用于二次离子质谱的一次离子源及其离子光学系统.通过此一次离子源,大气压下产生的一次离子可以被加速、聚焦并传输到位于真空条件下的样品表面并电离样品得到可供质谱仪分析的二次离子.通过理论模拟结合实验系统研究了此一次离子源的主要组成部分——离子光学系统的原理、结构和性能.以电喷雾电离源为例,成功地将大气压...     

离子富集脉冲电源对提高飞行时间质谱仪灵敏度的影响

研究自制离子富集脉冲电源对飞行时间质谱仪灵敏度的提高效果。离子富集脉冲电源包括脉冲信号产生模块、放大隔离模块、开关驱动模块、高压电路模块和负载阻抗匹配模块,输出一路中压脉冲信号,两路对称高压脉冲信号。利用自制电喷雾电离源及激光解析电离源与飞行时间质谱仪联用,调试中压脉冲信号。结果显示,应用离子富集脉冲电源后仪器对不同样品的检测灵敏度可提高6~24倍。     

团簇离子枪对CH3NH3PbI3钙钛矿薄膜的影响研究

以氩离子团簇为溅射源,对采用一步旋涂法制备的CH₃NH₃PbI₃钙钛矿薄膜进行溅射实验,通过XPS分析检测样品表面Pb元素的价态变化。结果表明,新制备的钙钛矿薄膜材料表面没有检测出Pb⁰,而经过团簇离子枪溅射的样品中部分Pb²⁺还原成Pb⁰,证明了氩离子团簇刻蚀对钙钛矿材料具有破坏作用。一方面,溅射时间的增加以及团簇离子枪能量的增大均会加大钙钛矿材料的损伤程度;另一方面,离子枪团簇规模大小与溅射损伤程度呈近抛物线关系。因此,在进行此类样品表面清洁时,应尽量减小离子枪能量和溅射时间,选择较小或较大的团簇规模以减少对样品的损伤。该研究对于钙钛矿样品在进行XPS检测和数据分析时具有参考价值。     

离子印迹共价有机骨架材料对放射性锝的替代物—铼的吸附及应用

该文以高铼酸盐作为高锝酸盐的非放射性结构替代物,结合离子印迹技术的特异性、共价有机骨架(COF)材料的多孔性和酸/热稳定性,通过自由基聚合和季胺化反应,制备出表面离子印迹共价有机骨架(IICOF)材料,并将其应用于实际环境样品中高铼酸根离子的高效捕获.首先利用1,4-二醛基-2,5-二乙烯基苯与1,3,5-三(4-氨苯...     

采用新型离子表面印迹材料在皮米尺度上对相邻稀土离子进行识别分离的研究

将丙烯腈接枝聚合于硅胶微粒表面, 然后将接枝的聚丙烯腈转化为聚偕胺肟(PAO), 制得了功能接枝微粒PAO/SiO₂. 采用本课题组建立的新型分子表面印迹技术, 以稀土钆离子为模板离子, 戊二醛为交联剂, 对接枝在硅胶表面的PAO大分子链进行了离子印迹(IIP), 制备了钆离子表面印迹材料IIP-PAO/SiO₂. 以与钆元素相邻的稀土元素铕及钐的离子为对比物, 采用静态与动态两种方法, 考察研究了表面印迹材料IIP-PAO/SiO₂对钆离子的结合性能与离子识别特性. 研究结果表明, 离子表面印迹材料IIP-PAO/SiO₂对钆离子具有特异的识别选择性与优良的结合亲和性. 相对于离子半径与其仅差1～3 pm的相邻稀土离子铕离子及钐离子, IIP-PAO/SiO₂对钆离子的识别选择性系数分别为7.49与7.93. 此外, 印迹材料IIP-PAO/SiO₂还具有良好的洗脱性能, 以稀盐酸溶液作为洗脱液, 29个床体积内解吸率可达99.54%.     

La1.95Sr0.05Mo2O9固体电解质的电性质

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了La1.95Sr0.05Mo2O9固体电解质材料,采用SEM,XRD,交流阻抗谱、气体浓差电池、氧泵等方法对样品进行了表征.结果表明,制得的样品为立方结构;在600～1000℃下氧浓差电池电动势的实测值与理论值吻合得很好,氧离子迁移数为1,表明该陶瓷样品在该温度下氧气气氛中为一纯氧离子导体;离子电导率随温度升高而增大,1000 ℃时达到最大值0.12 S·cm-1.高于相同条件下母体的电导率(0.03 S·cm-1).     

宽离子能量检测范围垂直引入反射式飞行时间质谱仪的研制

本实验室研制了国内首台宽离子能量检测范围飞行时间质谱仪。仪器采用紧凑式电子轰击源设计,配合离子透镜系统有效的调制离子流,飞行时间质量分析器采用了离子垂直引入式,双场加速和双场反射以及大尺寸MCP检测装置设计。仪器单离子信号半峰宽约2 ns,仪器分辨率优于1600FWHM,检测实际样品质量范围为1~127 amu(仪器理论质量检测上限优于800 amu),可检测离子能量范围优于2个数量级(3~140 eV)。若该TOF质量分析器与短瞬高压脉冲放电离子源耦合联用,可广泛应用于高能离子束的快速检测,如真空阴极放电对制备薄膜、离子注入材料的表征,导电材料的离子电荷态分布以及离子扩散速度的测定等。     

铈掺杂TiO_2多孔材料的制备及光催化性能

本文以钛酸四丁酯(TBOT)为钛源、六水硝酸铈为铈源、非离子表面活性剂辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚(OP乳化剂)为模板剂采用模板法制备了锐钛矿相TiO_2多孔材料.利用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等手段对所制备样品进行表征.以亚甲基蓝(MB)为目标降解物,研究了其光催化性能.结果表明,所制得的Ce掺杂的TiO_2多孔材料具有锐钛矿骨架,且当Ce掺杂量为0.01%,煅烧温度为500℃时制备的样品在光催化降解60min后,降解率达到了90.53%.     

铅离子印迹膜电化学传感器的制备及应用

采用离子印迹技术,以铅离子为模板,苯硫酚用于识别位点的形成,使铅离子与苯硫酚通过自组装的办法形成非共价键的相互作用,正十四烷基硫醇用于封闭未彻底组装的金电极的表面,制备了铅离子印迹电化学传感器。采用差分脉冲阳极溶出伏安法(DPASV)考察了支持电解质的种类、浓度、酸度、富集时间和脉冲周期对测定的影响。在优化的实验条件下,铅离子浓度在1.0×10~(-10 )～1.0×10~(-5 )mol·L~(-1 )范围内与溶出电流呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9973,检出限为1.0×10~(-11 )mol·L~(-1)。该方法具有良好的重现性和稳定性,有望用于实际样品的检测。     

A novel surface ionization source for ion mobility spectrometer

A surface ionization (SI) source is designed and prepared for ion mobility spectrometer (IMS). The source acts not only as an emitter but also an ion injector which can inject ions periodically into the drift region of drift tube. Using the dual-role source, the dimension of the drift tube can be decreased and the circuit for high voltage can be simplified efficiently. The IMS with the SI source has a response range of ∼4 orders of magnitude and a good reproducibility to tri-ethylamine. Compared with radioactive ionization (RI), the ultra-short time for ion injection and the zero level base line of ion mobility spectrum are characteristics of the surface ionization.     

微波诱导等离子体离子迁移谱仪性能及影响因素的研究

离子迁移谱仪的性能受到多种因素的影响,如漂移管电场强度离子门脉冲宽度、离子源工作条件、漂移管尺寸、离子门加工工艺和屏蔽网透过率等。在实际应用中需要对漂移管电场强度和离子门脉冲宽度进行调整以平衡灵敏度和分辨率。本研究详细研究了漂移管电场强度和离子门脉冲宽度对微波诱导等离子体离子迁移谱( MIPI-IMS)分辨率和灵敏度的影响。实验结果表明,存在一个最佳电场强度值使得分辨率达到最大,而且不同离子门脉冲宽度对应的最佳电场强度值不同;增大电场强度和离子门脉冲宽度有利于灵敏度的提升。与其它离子流较弱的离子源相比,离子流较大的微波诱导等离子体离子源在实际应用中对离子门脉冲宽度和漂移管电场强度有更多的选择。此研究结果有助于MIPI-IMS仪器性能的提升。将异丙醇用于测试MIPI-IMS的性能,结果表明,MIPI-IMS在保持较低检出限(7.7×10-11, V/V)的同时,分辨率可以达到66。     

A pulsed triple ionization source for sequential ion/ion reactions in an electrodynamic ion trap

A pulsed triple ionization source, using a common atmosphere/vacuum interface and ion path, has been developed to generate different types of ions for sequential ion/ion reaction experiments in a linear ion trap-based tandem mass spectrometer. The triple ionization source typically consists of a nano-electrospray emitter for analyte formation and two other emitters, an electrospray emitter and an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization emitter or a second nano-electrospray emitter for formation of the two different reagent ions. The three emitters are positioned in a parallel fashion close to the sampling orifice of the tandem mass spectrometer. The potentials applied to each emitter are sequentially pulsed so that desired ions are generated separately in time and space. Sequential ion/ion reactions take place after analyte ions of interest and different set of reagent ions are sequentially injected into a linear ion trap, where axial trapping is effected by applying an auxiliary radio frequency voltage to the end lenses. The pulsed triple ionization source allows independent optimization of each emitter and can be readily coupled to any atmospheric pressure ionization interface with no need for instrument modifications, provided the potentials required to transmit the ion polarity of interest can be synchronized with the emitter potentials. Several sequential ion/ion reactions examples are demonstrated to illustrate the analytical usefulness of the triple ionization source in the study of gas-phase ion/ion chemistry.     

Matrix effects in negative-ion field desorption mass spectrometry

The negative ion mode of field desorption mass spectrometry is matrix dependent. The matrix is used to facilitate the desolvation of ions at field strengths below the onset of field induced electron detachment. The role of the matrix in the desolvation mechanism for negative ions is briefly described and the main properties of a matrix solution, such as viscosity, solubility for complex salts and acids, and adhesion to the emitter surface, on the ion formation are discussed. The application of matrix mixtures with strong adhesion to the emitter surface even at elevated temperatures and high field strengths are considered to be important for the further improvement of this ionization method.     

Minimizing analyte electrolysis in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry using a redox buffer coated emitter electrode

An emitter electrode with an electroactive poly(pyrrole) (PPy) polymer film coating was constructed for use in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS). The PPy film acted as a surface‐attached redox buffer limiting the interfacial potential of the emitter electrode. While extensive oxidation of selected analytes (reserpine and amodiaquine) was observed in positive ion mode ESI using a bare metal (gold) emitter electrode, the oxidation was suppressed for these same analytes when using the PPy‐coated electrode. A semi‐quantitative relationship between the rate of oxidation observed and the interfacial potential of the emitter electrode was shown. The redox buffer capacity, and therefore the lifetime of the redox buffering effect, correlated with the oxidation potential of the analyte and with the magnitude of the film charge capacity. Online reduction of the PPy polymer layer using negative ion mode ESI between analyte injections was shown to successfully restore the redox buffering capacity of the polymer film to its initial state. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Non‐vacuum field desorption ion source implemented under super‐atmospheric pressure

Standard field desorption (FD) ionization is implemented under high vacuum condition. In this paper, non‐vacuum FD is performed under a super‐atmospheric pressure environment using untreated tungsten wires as FD emitter, and the ion source was coupled to a commercial linear ion trap mass spectrometer. The operating pressure of the ion source was 6 bars which was high enough to provide sufficient dielectric strength to the working gas so that the high voltage that was required for FD could be applied to the emitter without occurrence of electrical discharge. Non‐volatile sample deposited on the bare tungsten wire FD emitter was heated by flowing direct current through the emitter. Similar to vacuum FD, the formation of conical protrusion of the liquefied sample layer under the strong electric field was also observed. Using the present ion source, high pressure field‐desorption of polar neutral compounds, organic salts and ionic liquids is demonstrated. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An improved thin-layer chromatography/mass spectrometry coupling using a surface sampling probe electrospray ion trap system

A combined surface sampling probe/electrospray emitter coupled with an ion trap mass spectrometer was used for the direct read out of unmodified reversed-phase C18 thin-layer chromatography (TLC) plates. The operation of the surface sampling electrospray ionization interface in positive and negative ionization modes was demonstrated through the direct analysis of TLC plates on which a commercial test mix comprised of four dye compounds viz., rhodamine B, fluorescein, naphthol blue black, and fast green FCF, and an extract of the caffeine-containing plant Ilex vomitoria, were spotted and developed. Acquisition of full-scan mass spectra and automated collection of MS/MS product ion spectra while scanning a development lane along the surface of a TLC plate demonstrated the advantages of using an ion trap in this combination. Details of the sampling system, benefits of analyzing a developed lane in both positive ion and negative ion modes, levels of detection while surface scanning, surface scan speed effects, and the utility of three-dimensional data display, are also discussed.     

Technological Advancements in Mass Spectrometry and Its Impact on Proteomics

Amalgamation of mass spectrometry (MS) and proteomics has led to the most awaited technological inventions such as discovery of clinically potential biomarkers and generation of effective drugs. This review focuses on the synergistic growth in MS instrumentation, proteomics and its impact on biomedical sciences. Novel ionization methods: surface enhanced laser desorption ionization, electrospray assisted laser desorption ionization, desorption electrospray ionization, laser diode thermal desorption are discussed. Different mass analyzers: ion trap, time-of-flight, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance and their applications are outlined. New ion fragmentation techniques: electron capture dissociation, electron transfer dissociation, infrared multiphoton dissociation and their attributes are described.     

Improving the Sensitivity of Mass Spectrometry by Using a New Sheath Flow Electrospray Emitter Array at Subambient Pressures

Arrays of chemically etched emitters with individualized sheath gas capillaries were developed to enhance electrospray ionization (ESI) efficiency at subambient pressures. By incorporating the new emitter array in a subambient pressure ionization with nanoelectrospray (SPIN) source, both ionization efficiency and ion transmission efficiency were significantly increased, providing enhanced sensitivity in mass spectrometric analyses. The SPIN source eliminates the major ion losses of conventional ESI-mass spectrometry (MS) interfaces by placing the emitter in the first reduced pressure region of the instrument. The new ESI emitter array design developed in this study allows individualized sheath gas around each emitter in the array making it possible to generate an array of uniform and stable electrosprays in the subambient pressure (10 to 30 Torr) environment for the first time. The utility of the new emitter arrays was demonstrated by coupling the emitter array/SPIN source with a time of flight (TOF) mass spectrometer. The instrument sensitivity was compared under different ESI source and interface configurations including a standard atmospheric pressure single ESI emitter/heated capillary, single emitter/SPIN and multi-emitter/SPIN configurations using an equimolar solution of nine peptides. The highest instrument sensitivity was observed using the multi-emitter/SPIN configuration in which the sensitivity increased with the number of emitters in the array. Over an order of magnitude MS sensitivity improvement was achieved using multi-emitter/SPIN compared with using the standard atmospheric pressure single ESI emitter/heated capillary interface. Graphical Abstract

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The Orbitrap mass analyzer with direct ion injection interfaced to a laser desorption/ionization ion source

The results of a study on interfacing an Orbitrap mass analyzer with direct ion injection to a surface assisted laser desorption/ionization (SALDI) ion source are presented. Osmium complexes with 8-mercaptoquinoline were studied. Titanium oxide thin films prepared by electron beam evaporation were found an effective emitter of the ions of the test complexes. It was demonstrated that interfacing the Orbitrap mass analyzer to a SALDI source can significantly improve the analytical performance of this method in comparison to a typical combination of SALDI/time-of-flight mass spectrometer.