高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术测定人血浆中双氢青蒿素的含量

建立了测定人血浆中的双氢青蒿素的液相色谱 -质谱联用法。色谱条件 :AlltimaC18 柱 (2.1×150mm ,5μm ,流动相 :甲醇 -水 (体积比85∶15) ;流速 :0.2mL/min ;柱温 :25℃ ;进样量 :20μL。质谱条件 :电喷雾离子源 (ESI) ;用于定量分析的离子分别为m/z307(双氢青蒿素) ,m/z275(蒿甲醚 )。样品用液 -液萃取方法处理。双氢青蒿素的线性范围为5～200μg·L -1,定量下限为5μg·L -1,日内、日间精密度 (RSD)均小于10 % ,萃取回收率在71.5 %～83.2 %之间 (n=5) ,分析方法回收率在98.4 %～101.9 %之间 (n=5)。本法操作简便、准确、灵敏度高 ,适用于双氢青蒿素的药代动力学研究     

高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术测定人血浆中的西替利嗪

建立了人血浆中西替利嗪的液相色谱-质谱联用测定方法.血浆样品调至pH 6,经V(乙酸乙酯):V(CH2Cl2)＝4:1液-液提取后,以Agilent Zorbax SB-C18(2.1 mm×150 mm i.d.,3.5 μm)柱为色谱柱,流动相为V(乙腈):V(1%甲酸水)＝55:45溶液,流速为0.5 mL/min,柱温:25 ℃,进样量:5 μL,在Agilent 1100 LC/MSD XCT离子阱质谱仪上,以多重反应离子(MRM)方式进行定量分析,用于监测的离子为m/z 389→201(西替利嗪)和m/z 515→497(替米沙坦,内标物).西替利嗪的检出限为0.50 μg/L(S/N=3),线性范围为2.5～400 μg/L,方法回收率在82.0%～86.7%之间(n=5),精密度与准确度符合生物样品分析要求.该法可用于西替利嗪临床血药浓度和药代动力学研究.     

人参皂苷Re在正常和中波紫外线辐射损伤模型大鼠体内药代动力学比较研究

建立了超高效液相色谱-三重四级杆质谱(UPLC-QQQ-MS)检测大鼠血浆中G-Re含量的方法,用于比较研究人参皂苷Re(Ginsenoside Re,G-Re)在正常大鼠和UVB辐射损伤模型大鼠体内的药代动力学行为。选用Ascentis~? Express C_(18)色谱柱(5.0 mm×3.0 mm,2.7μm),以0.1%甲酸-乙腈为流动相,梯度洗脱。电喷雾离子源(ESI)在负离子模式下,选择多反应监测模式(MRM)扫描,内标法定量,用于G-Re定量分析的离子为m/z 991.54/945.53/475.60。方法检出限为4.0 ng/m L,定量限为13.5 ng/m L,G-Re在15~20000 ng/m L范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999);日内和日间精密度、回收率、基质效应和稳定性均能满足药代动力学分析要求。结果表明,两组大鼠分别单次口服50 mg/kg G-Re后,体内代谢过程表现皆符合二室模型特征,正常组和模型组t_(1/2α)分别为(0.21±0.04)h和(0.69±0.07)h,t_(1/2β)分别为(17.08±0.53)h和(21.40±16.77)h,AUC_((0-t))分别为(321.91±2.27)"g/(L·h)和(474.99±194.96)"g/(L·h),AUC_((0-∞))分别为(332.44±1.66)"g/(L·h)和(518.64±231.39)"g/(L·h),除t_(1/2α)外,两组之间的药代动力学参数具有显著差异(p0.05)。本方法准确、灵敏、专属性强、稳定性好,可用于人参皂苷Re的体内药代动力学比较研究。     

人参皂苷Rb2在大鼠体内的药代动力学行为及代谢产物研究

建立快速高分离度液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱联用方法(RRLC-Q-TOF-MS),分析人参皂苷Rb2在大鼠体内的药代动力学行为,并探索人参皂苷Rb2在大鼠体内的代谢过程.采用Agilent SB-C18色谱柱,流动相A为0.1％甲酸溶液,B为乙腈,流速为0.2 mL/min,进样量为5μL,二元线性梯度洗脱分离,采用电喷雾负离子模式进行质谱检测.方法的检出限(S/N=3)和定量限(S/N=10)分别为0.08 μg/mL和0.1 μg/mL,线性范围为0.10～ 1.26 μg/mL.结果表明,人参皂苷Rb2静脉注射后的体内代谢过程符合二室模型特征,血药浓度半衰期的α相(t1/2α)和β相(t1/2β)分别为(23.58±1.10)和(1306.55±147.23) min.通过对静脉注射人参皂苷Rb2的大鼠尿液和口服后的粪便样本进行分析,发现Rb2的代谢产物为M6,M2(C-Y),F2,C-K.     

固相萃取结合光纤传感快速检测大鼠血浆中异丙酚及其药动学研究

建立了固相萃取结合光纤传感快速检测大鼠血浆中异丙酚的方法,并研究了异丙酚的药动学.采用正压固相萃取进行样品的快速前处理,构建光纤传感紫外检测系统,通过4-氨基安替比林衍生化法对样品进行衍生化后进行光纤传感紫外检测,并进行大鼠单次静脉注射异丙酚的药代动力学研究.该方法的线性范围为1.20～21.0 μg/mL,定量限1.20 μg/mL.异丙酚的回收率大于95％,RSD小于7％.大鼠单次静脉注射异丙酚后体内的代谢过程符合开放性二室模型,其分布半衰期(t1/2α)为1.335±0.052 min,消除半衰期(t1/2β)为50.09±0.016 min.血药浓度时间曲线下面积(AUC(0-∞))为212.65±39.4 μg·min/mL.方法 可用于异丙酚药代动力学研究和血药浓度检测.     

蒿甲醚在模拟体内酸碱环境中的代谢动力学研究

 利用高效液相法对蒿甲醚进行了模拟体内酸碱环境的代谢动力学研究 ,测定了蒿甲醚及其代谢产物双氢青蒿素、蒿甲醚呋喃酯的代谢曲线。结果表明 ,蒿甲醚在模拟体内肠道和血液的弱碱性环境条件下半衰期为2 87 2min(计算值 ) ;在模拟体内胃液的酸性环境条件下半衰期为 74 6min ;在两种条件下的主要代谢产物均为双氢青蒿素和蒿甲醚呋喃酯。该方法克服了以往文献所报道方法的一些缺点 ,不仅简化了样品制备方法 ,也提高了检测结果的准确性。     

酸化沉淀蛋白-超快速液相色谱-串联质谱法测定肝损伤大鼠血浆中的头孢呋辛

为了研究二代头孢类新药头孢呋辛赖氨酸在肝损伤大鼠体内的药代动力学过程,建立了采用超快速液相色谱-串联质谱(UFLC-MS/MS)快速测定肝损伤模型大鼠血浆中头孢呋辛含量的方法。血浆样品在酸性条件下用乙腈沉淀蛋白,采用Shim-pack XR-ODS色谱柱(75 mm×3.0 mm, 2.2 μm)为分析柱、乙腈-0.1%甲酸水溶液(40:60, v/v)为流动相、流速为400 μL/min进行色谱分离,采用电喷雾负离子(ESI~)模式电离、多反应监测(MRM)模式进行质谱检测,用于定量分析的离子对分别为m/z 423.2→206.8 (头孢呋辛)和m/z 454.1→238.4 (内标头孢噻肟)。结果表明,大鼠血浆中头孢呋辛的质量浓度在0.01～1 mg/L和1～400 mg/L范围内线性关系良好(r＞0.99),定量限为0.01 mg/L,日内和日间精密度(以相对标准偏差(RSD)计)均小于11.5%,准确度(RE)为~7.1%～2.2%,平均萃取回收率大于83.5%,样品运行时间仅为3.0 min,能够满足生物样品的测定需求。该法简便、快速,已用于肝损伤大鼠静脉注射头孢呋辛赖氨酸的药代动力学预实验研究。     

同位素稀释-高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术检测大鼠血浆中的芥子气水解产物

应用同位素稀释-高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术(LC-MS/MS),建立了同时定量检测血浆中芥子气水解代谢产物硫二甘醇(TDG)和二羟乙基亚砜(TDGO)的方法.应用甲醇和乙腈混合溶剂沉淀染毒大鼠血浆中蛋白,采用ZORBAX-C18色谱柱(100 mm×3.0 mm,3.5μm),以5 mmol/L甲酸铵-甲醇梯度洗脱分离待测物.以d8-TDG为内标,在正离子多反应监测模式下定性和定量分析TDG和TDGO.方法学验证结果表明,TDG在5～800 μg/L和TDGO在0.5～80.0 μg/L范围内均呈良好的线性关系(r2＞0.991),定量限分别为5和0.5 μg/L,加标回收率在101％～118％之间,方法的日内和日间精密度(RSD)均小于10％.对SD大鼠(n=6)采用皮下注射方式进行染毒后采样测定,代谢动力学参数计算结果显示,TDG和TDGO的达峰时间(tmax)分别为30和60 min,峰值浓度(cmax)为(1724±227)μg/L和(301±115)μg/L,血浆浓度-时间曲线下面积(AUC)为(3286±249) μg· h/L和(1010±363) μg· h/L.     

气相色谱-质谱法测定乳制品中光引发剂异丙基硫杂蒽酮的残留量

建立了采用气相色谱（GC）-质谱(MS)检测由包装材料迁移到乳制品中的光引发剂异丙基硫杂蒽酮残留量的方法。使用氘代蒽为内标,样品经Carrez试剂除蛋白质后用丙酮-正己烷(体积比为1∶1)提取,上层提取液用氟罗里硅土固相萃取小柱净化。采用单四极杆质谱进行样品筛选和定量,选取的监测离子为m/z 184,m/z 224,m/z 239,m/z 254(异丙基硫杂蒽酮)和m/z 80,m/z 94,m/z 188,m/z 160(氘代蒽)。疑似样品采用离子阱串联质谱法进行确证,选取的母离子和子离子分别为m/z 254,m/z 239(异丙基硫杂蒽酮)和m/z 188,m/z 160(氘代蒽)。本方法的测定低限(LOQ)分别为7.0 μg/L(GC-MS)和5.0 μg/L(GC-MS/MS),回收率为74.9%~89.6%。采用该方法对11种不同类型的乳制品进行了检测,发现了两例阳性样品。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定大鼠血浆中福斯克林

建立了测定大鼠血浆中福斯克林的液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS).血浆样品经液-液萃取后,以V(甲醇):V(10 mmol/L 醋酸铵):V(甲酸)=75:25:0.1为流动相,用Hypersil ODS柱分离,流速0.8 mL/min(柱后分流50%),通过电喷雾离子化四极杆串联质谱,以多反应监测方式(MRM)检测.用于定量分析的离子分别为m/z 428/375(福斯克林)和m/z 494/369(格列本脲,内标).福斯克林血浆浓度测定方法的线性范围为0.8～800 μg/L; 日内、日间精密度(RSD)均小于10%;准确度(RE)小于±9%.每个样品测试时间4.5 min.应用此法测试了大鼠口服或静注福斯克林后的血药浓度.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.