超高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术同时检测大鼠血浆中蒿甲醚及其主要代谢产物双氢青蒿素

为了研究蒿甲醚在大鼠体内的药代动力学行为,应用液液萃取-超高效液相色谱-单四极杆-静电场轨道阱串联质谱技术,建立了高灵敏度的大鼠血浆中蒿甲醚及其主要代谢产物双氢青蒿素的分析方法.以青蒿素为内标(Internal standard,I.S.),在正离子Targeted-MS2检测模式下对蒿甲醚和双氢青蒿素进行定性和定量分析.检测离子对分别为m/z 316.2115/163.1117(蒿甲醚)、m/z 302.1958/163.1117(双氢青蒿素)和m/z300.1803/209.1536(I.S.);蒿甲醚和双氢青蒿素在2～200 μg/L范围内线性关系良好(R2＞0.9990);检出限为0.8 μg/L;定量限为2.0μg/L;加标回收率分别为93.7％～103.7％和97.4％～ 104.7％;相对标准偏差均小于9％.本方法快速灵敏,重现性好,可用于蒿甲醚体内药代动力学研究.     

气相色谱/负化学源质谱法测定蜂蜜中氯霉素的残留量

建立气相色谱／负化学源质谱(GC／NCIMS)测定蜂蜜中氯霉素残留量的方法。蜂蜜中残留的氯霉素经液-液萃取、固相萃取提取、净化和硅烷化衍生后,进样分析。负化学源质谱采用选择离子模式进行检测,特征离子为m／z=466,468,外标法定量。结果表明,样品中氯霉素浓度为1.0-20μg·kg-1时,工作曲线的线性良好(r=0.9989),回收率为71％-93％,检出限为0.5μg·kg-1。     

超高效液相色谱/质谱法测定血液中γ-氨基丁酸

研究了超高效液相色谱-质谱检测器(UPLC-QDa)对γ-氨基丁酸的分析检测,建立了UPLC测定血液中γ-氨基丁酸的含量的分析方法。采用乙腈萃取血液样品,经BEH C18色谱柱(2.1×50 mm,1.7μm)分离,以0.1%甲酸水溶液(含0.5%乙酸胺):乙腈(95:5,V/V)为流动相,流速0.2 m L/min,质谱检测器(QDa)检测,正离子SIR模式,m/z=104进行定量,进样量1μL。对照品在0.5~10μg/m L浓度范围内与峰面积线性关系良好。3个添加试验的平均回收率分别为78.9%,87.6%,79.5%,RSD分别为1.2%,1.1%,2.1%。     

高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术测定鼻腔给药后人血浆中佐米曲普坦的含量

建立了经鼻腔给药后人血浆中佐米曲普坦的液相色谱-质谱联用测定方法。血浆样品经乙酸乙酯-二氯甲烷(体积比4∶1)液-液提取后,以Hypersil BDS C6H5柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)为色谱柱,流动相为乙腈(含1%甲酸)-0.02 mol.L-1醋酸铵(体积比30∶70),流速为0.6 mL.m in-1,柱温:25℃,进样量:40μL,在Agilent 1100 LC/MSD XCT离子阱质谱仪上,以选择离子监测(SIM)方式进行定量分析,用于监测的离子为m/z288(佐米曲普坦)和m/z296(舒马普坦,内标物)。佐米曲普坦的定量下限为0.30μg.L-1,线性范围为0.30~25μg.L-1,方法回收率在82%~87%之间(n=5),精密度与准确度符合生物样品分析要求。该法操作简便、快速、灵敏度高,可用于佐米曲普坦临床血药浓度和药代动力学研究。     

在线凝胶渗透色谱-气相色谱/质谱法测定水中二异丙基萘、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯和邻苯二甲酸(2-乙基)己酯

建立了在线凝胶色谱-气相色谱/质谱法测定水中二异丙基萘、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯和邻苯二甲酸(2-乙基)己酯的方法。样品经正己烷液-液萃取,浓缩定容,经凝胶渗透色谱柱净化后,用DB-5MS色谱柱(25 m×0.25 mm,0.25μm)分离,质谱检测,内标法定量。在0.5μg/L、1.5μg/L和3.0μg/L 3个加标浓度下,3种目标物的平均回收率在95.45%～107.80%之间,相对标准偏差在2.64%～6.26%之间,3种目标物的方法检出限分别为0.01μg/L、0.5μg/L和0.5μg/L。该方法操作简单,分析成本低,适合水中二异丙基萘、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸(2-乙基)己酯的检测。     

高效液相色谱-质谱法对饲料及食品添加剂中三聚氰胺的测定

建立了饲料中三聚氰胺的高效液相色谱-质谱测定方法.色谱条件:Kromasil C18柱(4.6 mm×250mm,5 μm),流动相:乙腈-0.1%(体积分数)甲酸(体积比5:95),流速0.4 mL/min.采用正离子模式的电喷雾质谱检测,以一级质谱得到的准分子离子m/z 127作为母离子,进行碰撞诱导解离(CID)二级质谱(MS2)分析,选择母离子和MS2的碎片离子m/z 85、109定性确证,提取m/z 85、109、127三个离子质量色谱峰面积定量.实验优化了质谱条件.线性范围为0.01～0.5 mg/L,检出限0.01 mg/L(S/N=3),回收率为80%～99%.     

顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法测定香精香料中黄樟素

提出了顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法测定香精香料中黄樟素含量的方法。为使固相微萃取达到更高的效率,选用65μm聚二甲基硅氧烷/二乙烯苯作为微萃取的涂层,萃取温度及时间为（25±5）℃和30 min。用DB-5MS毛细管色谱柱分离,电子轰击离子源串联质谱模式检测。选定黄樟素的母离子和子离子分别为m/z 162和m/z 131,内标丙酸苯乙酯的定量离子为m/z 104。黄樟素的线性范围为20～1 000 ng·g^-1,方法的检出限（3S/N）为2.2 ng·g^-1。在3个浓度水平上做回收试验,加标回收率在71.1%～114.0%之间,相对标准偏差（n=5）在3.4%～16%之间。     

高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术测定人血浆中的西替利嗪

建立了人血浆中西替利嗪的液相色谱-质谱联用测定方法.血浆样品调至pH 6,经V(乙酸乙酯):V(CH2Cl2)＝4:1液-液提取后,以Agilent Zorbax SB-C18(2.1 mm×150 mm i.d.,3.5 μm)柱为色谱柱,流动相为V(乙腈):V(1%甲酸水)＝55:45溶液,流速为0.5 mL/min,柱温:25 ℃,进样量:5 μL,在Agilent 1100 LC/MSD XCT离子阱质谱仪上,以多重反应离子(MRM)方式进行定量分析,用于监测的离子为m/z 389→201(西替利嗪)和m/z 515→497(替米沙坦,内标物).西替利嗪的检出限为0.50 μg/L(S/N=3),线性范围为2.5～400 μg/L,方法回收率在82.0%～86.7%之间(n=5),精密度与准确度符合生物样品分析要求.该法可用于西替利嗪临床血药浓度和药代动力学研究.     

气相色谱-质谱法测定眼用全氟丙烷气体中甲醇、甲醛

建立气相色谱–质谱(GC–MS)联用法与气相色谱(GC)法测定眼用全氟丙烷气体中甲醇、甲醛杂质的方法。甲醇采用GC–MS法定性、GC法定量分析,在51.1～511μL/L浓度范围内线性良好(r~2=0.998 5),检出限为4μL/L,测量结果的相对标准偏差为2.73%(n=6),加标回收率为91%～94%;甲醛采用GC–MS定性、定量分析,质谱选择离子(SIM)模式以m/z 29作为甲醛的定量离子,在21.36～106.8μL/L浓度范围内线性良好(r~2=0.999 1),检出限为5μL/L,测量结果的相对标准偏差为3.19%(n=6),加标回收率为89%～94%。该方法灵敏度高,重复性好,简便可行,可用于眼用全氟丙烷气体的质量控制。     

正交试验优化-顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法测定水中戊二醛

建立了顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱测定水中戊二醛的方法。设计5因素4水平完整的正交试验,通过极差分析获得顶空固相微萃取优化条件。10 mL,pH 1的水样加入6 g NaCl,经非极性PDM S,100μm纤维头于75℃萃取25 min,210℃解析进样0.2 min。采用VF-5(60 m×0.25 mm×0.25μm)色谱柱程序升温分离,选择多反应监测(M RM)模式采集质谱信息。以m/z 82/54为定量离子,以m/z 82/39为定性离子,外标法定量。结果表明,戊二醛质量浓度在0.02~0.6 mg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数(r)>0.9996,方法检出限7μg/L,定量限20μg/L。低(0.04 mg/L)、中(0.1 mg/L)、高(0.4 mg/L)3个水平加标回收率为87.4%~103.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD)<6%。方法适用于测定水中的戊二醛。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.