不稳定的二甲基氨基甲基二茂铁的ESI-HRMS分析条件研究

研究并优化了化合物N,N-二甲基氨基甲基二茂铁的电喷雾离子化-高分辨质谱(ESI-HRMS)分析方法。重复测定样品,目标分子离子计数的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=10)为2.4%,表明仪器重复性良好。通过对目标分子的一级质谱图与二级质谱图分析,一级质谱图中母离子的丰度低于最强子离子丰度的10%,表明目标分子在源内发生了裂解。研究了一级质谱中目标分子离子及其最强碎片离子的离子计数与干燥气温度、毛细管出口电压的变化规律,并拟合得到相应的数学方程;确定了目标分子质谱分析的最佳条件。     

常压电喷雾离子化的机理及应用

作为最有前景的分析仪器之一,质谱技术已在药物、食品、环境、人类健康、国家安全及相关领域展现出广阔的应用前景。不同种类的分析物具有多种特征,这为直接离子化及质谱分析增加了难度。常压敞开式离子源是近年来新兴的一种离子源,这类离子源具有无需复杂的样品前处理、操作方便、快速、非破坏性、灵敏度及特异性好、能实现实时原位、高通量分析等特点。本文综述了基于电喷雾离子化(ESI)原理的各种离子源的电离机理、特征及应用,展望了常压敞开式离子源的发展趋势。     

环糊精对甲基麻黄碱手性识别的电喷雾质谱研究

利用质谱仪,使用电喷雾离子源,分别研究了以α-环糊精、β-环糊精和产环糊精作为手性拆分剂对手性药物甲基麻黄碱的手性识别效应．实验结果表明,3种环糊精对甲基麻黄碱对映体均有较强的手性识别效应,Rchiral分别为2．43、3．51、4．52．研究了电压的变化对α-环糊精、β-环糊精和γ-环糊精的手性识别的影响,研究发现,在不同的电压下,这3种环糊精对甲基麻黄碱均有手性识别能力．     

蛋白质非共价化合物的电喷雾质谱研究

介绍了近几年来利用电喷雾离子化质谱技术研究蛋白质的基本构象及蛋白质非共价化合物的基本化学信息的进展。许多研究表明,电喷雾质谱在研究蛋白质的复杂结构和功能方面有十分广阔的前景。文中列举了若干实例说明了电喷雾离子化质谱技术在分析蛋白质非共价化合物的应用和一般方法。     

电喷雾质谱对洗发水中多种表面活性剂的快速分析

利用电喷雾离子化质谱技术（ESIMS）快速鉴定了洗发水中的常用表面活性剂。在流动注射进样方式下,鉴定出所测试洗发水中含有2种主要表面活性剂：烷基单乙醇酰胺（CMEA）和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯十二烷基醚硫酸钠（SLES·nEO）。进一步通过高效液相色谱与质谱联用（HPLC—MS）利用ESI^＋和ESI^-之间的切换完成对不同类型表面活性剂的定量检测,测定出该洗发水中CMEA的使用量为1．198％（质量分数）,与实际添加量1．2％非常吻合。运用HPLC—MS对SLES·nEO在洗发水中的种类结构进行了鉴定。     

电喷雾离子化接口及其在毛细管电泳／质谱法中的应用

论述了ＥＳＩ的工作原理，结构和ＣＥ－ＥＳＩ－ＭＳ的应用。     

大肠杆菌O152中wfgD基因编码的β-1,3-葡萄糖基转移酶产物结构的质谱表征

大肠杆菌O152抗原的寡糖重复单位中含葡萄糖-β-1,3-N-乙酰葡萄糖胺(Glc-β-1,3-GlсNAc)连接键。本研究采用电喷雾离子化多级串联质谱技术对以人工合成的天然受体底物的结构类似物苯氧基十一烷二磷酸-N-乙酰葡萄糖胺(GlcNAc-β-PO3-PO3-(CH2)11-O-phenyl(GlcNAc-PP-PhU))为受体底物,尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖(UDP-Glc)为给予体底物的酶促反应产物进行了详细的结构表征。电喷雾离子化多级串联质谱图中观察到的主要碎片源于磷酸二酯键部分和糖苷键的裂解。此外,由观察到的二糖产物非还原端碎片获得了序列信息;跨环断裂碎片及源于吡喃环取代基消除的‘内在’碎裂离子可提供组成产物的单糖残基连接方式信息。广泛的碎裂信息表明wfgD基因编码UDP-Glc:GlcNAc-pyrophosphate-lipid中的β-1-3葡萄糖基转移酶。     

高效液相色谱质谱法分析脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚中的碳数及环氧乙烷加成数的分布

 应用高效液相色谱法将脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚按碳数和环氧乙烷加成数 (EO数 )分离后 ,在线联用电喷雾离子化质谱 (ESI MS) ,根据其一系列准分子离子峰判断烷基链长和环氧乙烷聚合度。解释了准分子离子峰强度失真的原因。     

间歇电喷雾的初步研究

设计了一种高灵敏的质谱离子化方法-间歇电喷雾，并介绍了间歇电喷雾的基本原理、稳定性和应用在蛋白质分析上的优势。这种质谱离子化方法能够显著地改善信噪比，降低对样品溶解度的要求，提高样品的离子化效率，减少样品的消耗和仪器的污染，可以预言间歇电喷雾的方法在蛋白质的分析上将会有广泛的应用前景。     

生物质谱

质谱已成为生物和生物化学研究的一个重要的分析工具，特别是在蛋白质组学研究的作用更显突出，它的分析速度、准确性和灵敏度都是传统分析技术所不可比拟的。主要介绍了两种近年来发展最为迅速、应用最为广泛的软离子化质谱技术：即基体辅助激光解吸离子化质谱（MALDI－MS）和电喷了子化质谱（ESI－MS）的原理、技术的最新进展，并简单介绍了它们在蛋白质和多肽分析中的应用。     

Amino-catalyzed fragmentation characteristics of polyamides containing N-methylpyrrole and N-methylimidazole by electrospray negative ionization mass spectrometry

Different negative fragmentations of synthesized polyamides containing N-methylpyrrole and N-methylimidazole were analyzed by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry with low-energy collision-induced dissociation. An interesting rearrangement derived from amino catalysis of N-methylimidazole was observed. The observation is useful for the study of the correlations between the sequences of polyamides and their mass fragmentation pathways.     

特异性识别DNA的吡咯-咪唑多聚酰胺的研究进展*

吡咯-咪唑多聚酰胺为一类人工合成的主要由五元杂环化合物N-甲基吡咯(Py)、N-甲基咪唑(Im)和N-甲基3-羟基吡咯(Hp)芳香氨基酸组成的,经酰胺键连接的人工小分子配体.它们具有与天然DNA结合蛋白相媲美的DNA特异性识别和结合能力.近20年来,对此类化合物的研究取得了重要进展,确定了简单的氨基酸对识别碱基对的规则,研究了多种方式连接的吡咯-咪唑多聚酰胺与DNA小沟结合模式,合成了多种双功能吡咯-咪唑多聚酰胺,且吡咯-咪唑多聚酰胺能穿过细胞膜,具有在体内外调节基因表达的作用。     

Investigation of non-covalent complexes of HIV-1 promoter DNA and polyamides containing N-methylpyrrole by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Eight novel polyamides containing N-methylpyrrole were designed to target the sequence (5'-CTGCATATAAGCAG-3'/5'-CTGCTTATATGCAG-3') of the TATA box element of the HIV-1 promoter DNA. The non-covalent complexes of the promoter DNA and the polyamides were investigated by electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry, which provided strong evidence for the binding of the novel polyamides to the sequence of the TATA box element. It also revealed that polyamide 2 (PyPyPyPybetaDp), a potent binder of HIV-1 promoter DNA and a lead molecule for the design of new anti-HIV-1 drugs, had the highest binding affinity with the TATA box element DNA among these polyamides by examining the stoichiometry and the selectivity.     

具有DNA切割功能的新型多聚酰胺/丝组缀合物

为得到具有核酸切割功能的人工核酸酶, 设计合成了一种新型多聚酰胺/丝组缀合物, 并研究了其DNA切割活性. 合成的目标化合物在pH=6.0的BR缓冲溶液中对pBR322 DNA切割活性的初步实验结果表明, 于37 ℃保温6 h后, pBR322 DNA基本上被完全从Form Ⅰ切割为Form Ⅱ, 保温36 h后, pBR322 DNA几乎被切割完全.     

Analysis of noncovalent complexes between human telomeric DNA and polyamides containing N-methylpyrrole and N-methylimidazole by using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was used to investigate noncovalent complexes formed between four novel polyamides containing N-methylpyrrole (Py) and N-methylimidazole (Im), and human telomeric DNA. Of the four polyamides investigated, PyPyPygammaImImImbetaDp (3) had the highest binding affinity towards the duplex d(TTAGGGTTAGGG/CCCTAACCCTAA) (D1). Results of competition analysis showed that the polyamides had binding affinities with D1 in the order PyPyPygammaImImImbetaDp (3)>PyPyPyPygammaPyImImPybetaDp (4)>PyPyPybetaImImImbetaDp (2)>ImImImbetaDp (1). MS/MS spectra confirmed that binding between D1 and the hairpin polyamides is more stable than that with the three-ring polyamides. By contrast, in the case of single-stranded d(TTAGGGTTAGGG)(D2), the binding order changes to ImImImbetaDp (1)>PyPyPygammaImImImbetaDp (3)>PyPyPybetaImImImbetaDp (2).     

Fmoc solid phase synthesis of polyamides containing pyrrole and imidazole amino acids

[structure: see text]. Polyamides containing N-methylimidazole (Im) and N-methylpyrrole (Py) amino acids are synthetic ligands that have an affinity and specificity for DNA comparable to those of many naturally occurring DNA binding proteins. A machine-assisted Fmoc solid phase synthesis of polyamides has been optimized to afford high stepwise coupling yields (>99%). Two monomer building blocks, Fmoc-Py acid and Fmoc-Im acid, were prepared in multigram scale. Cleavage by aminolysis followed by HPLC purification affords up to 200 mg quantities of polyamide with purities and yields greater than or equal to those reported using Boc chemistry. A broader set of reaction conditions will increase the number and complexity of minor groove binding polyamides which may be prepared and help ensure compatibility with many commercially available peptide synthesizers.     

A convenient method for the synthesis of DNA-recognizing polyamides in solution

A convenient method for the synthesis of polyamides containing N-methylpyrrole (Py) and N-methylimidazole (Im) in solution has been developed. Most of the building blocks have been prepared by a haloform reaction in a simple way that column chromatography can be avoided. By use of the DCC/HOBT coupling reaction, the building blocks prepared have been effectively connected to construct a variety of subchains and polyamides without employing amino protection and deprotection. By use of the present method, an eight-ring polyamide, PyPyPyPygammaPyImImPybetaDp (gamma is gamma-aminobutyric acid, beta is beta-alanine, Dp is N, N-dimethylpropyldiamine), has been synthesized by the coupling of two four-ring subchains in one step.     

Studies on electrochemical oxidation mechanisms of polyamides containing N-methylpyrrole and N-methylimidazole by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

Electrochemical oxidization mechanism of polyamides containing N-methylpyrrole and N-methylimidazole was investigated by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)). The spectra of the oxidization products unambiguously revealed that one or two oxygen atoms are added to the polyamide after the bulk electrolysis. It was found that electrochemical oxidation preferably takes place on the imidazole ring of the polyamide with both imidazole and pyrrole to produce a carbonyl group on the rings. ESI tandem mass spectrometry has proven to be an excellent method for the structural identification of electrochemical oxidation products of DNA-recognizing polyamides.     

Sequence-specific gene silencing in mammalian cells by alkylating pyrrole-imidazole polyamides

Gene silencing was examined by sequence-specific alkylation of DNA by N-methylpyrrole (Py)-N-methylimidazole (Im) hairpin polyamides. Polyamides ImImPyPygammaImImPyLDu86 (A) and ImImPyPygammaImPyPyLDu86 (B) selectively alkylated the coding regions of the renilla and firefly luciferases, respectively, according to the base pair recognition rule of Py-Im polyamides. Two different plasmids, encoding renilla luciferase and firefly luciferase, were used as vectors to examine the effect of alkylation on gene silencing. Transfection of the alkylated luciferase vectors-by polyamide A or B-into HeLa, 293, and NIH3T3 cells demonstrated that these sequence-specific DNA alkylations lead to selective silencing of gene expression. Next, the vectors were cotransfected into HeLa cells and the cells were treated with polyamide A or B. Selective reduction of luciferase activities was caused by both polyamides. On the basis of this sequence-specific alkylation and gene silencing activity, these alkylating Py-Im polyamides thus have potential as antitumor drugs to target specific gene expression in human cells.     

Sequence‐Specific DNA Recognition by Cyclic Pyrrole–Imidazole Cysteine‐Derived Polyamide Dimers

Pyrrole–imidazole (PI) polyamides bind to the minor groove of the DNA duplex in a sequence‐specific manner and thus have the potential to regulate gene expression. To date, various types of PI polyamides have been designed as sequence‐specific DNA binding ligands. One of these, cysteine cyclic PI polyamides containing two β‐alanine molecules, were designed to recognize a 7 bp DNA sequence with high binding affinity. In this study, an efficient cyclization reaction between a cysteine and a chloroacetyl residue was used for dimerization in the synthesis of a unit that recognizes symmetrical DNA sequences. To evaluate specific DNA binding properties, dimeric PI polyamide binding was measured by using a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) method. Extending this molecular design, we synthesized a large dimeric PI polyamide that can recognize a 14 bp region in duplex DNA.