5(R)-(l-氧基)-2(5H)-呋喃酮与溴代丙二酸二乙酯的反应

研究了5(R)-(l-?氧基)-2(5H)-呋喃酮与溴代丙二酸二乙酯在无水K2CO3和相转移催化剂四丁基溴化铵(TBAB)存在下,以乙腈为溶剂,在80℃下的反应及产物结构特征.在上述条件下得到了预期的具有两个乙酯基的手性环丙烷/丁内酯衍生物3,同时还得到了含有一个乙酯基的手性环丙烷/丁内酯化合物5以及少量的含溴产物6.通过对产物结构分析,提出了产物形成的可能机理.     

(1R,4S,5S)-6-环己基-4-[(1R,2S,5R)-5-甲基-2-异丙基环己氧基]-3-氧杂-6-氮杂双环[3.1.0]-2-己酮的合成及结构表征

环已胺与差向异构体5-[(1R,2S,5R)-5-甲基-2-异丙基环己氧基]-3-溴-2(5H)-呋喃酮发生不对称Mi-chael加成-分子内亲核取代反应,并经柱层析分离,得到一对手性氮杂环丙烷-丁内酯衍生物,其中的标题化合物为首次得到的新手性化合物,产率17%,其结构经IR、1H NMR、13C NMR和HRMS进行了表征。     

具有Gemini表面活性ATRP引发剂的合成

以2-溴异丁酰溴、N,N-二甲基乙醇胺、1,6-二溴己烷为主要原料,通过两步反应合成了一种新型具有Gemini表面活性的ATRP引发剂——N1,N6-双[2-(2-溴异丁酰氧基)乙基]-N1,N1,N6,N6-四甲基己烷-1,6-二溴化铵,总收率70%,其结构经1H NMR,IR和元素分析表征。     

手性氮杂环丙烷衍生物的合成及其结构研究

氮杂环丙烷衍生物是合成氨基酸及β-内酰胺等化合物的重要中间体,它也是某些具有生物活性的天然产物的重要组分[1,2].本文在前人工作的基础上[3],研究了手性元5-L-孟氧基-3-溴-2(5H)-呋喃酮(1)与脂肪胺2的不对称反应,得到含有两个新手性中心的氮杂环丙烷/稠合丁内酯化合物3,后者在LiAlH4/THF中还原得到手性产物4.通过元素分析,[α]20D,IR,1H NMR,13C NMR,MS以及X射线晶体衍射测定,确定了它们的结构.其合成路线如下:     

3-芳氧基-1-丙胺类HIV-1 Tat/PCAF BRD抑制剂的合成及生物活性

为了研究HIV-1 Tat/PCAF BRD抑制剂的构效关系, 合成了6个3-芳氧基-1-丙胺类化合物. 以取代的2-硝基苯酚为起始原料, 在常规加热和微波辐射加热下与1,3-二溴丙烷反应合成3-(2-硝基芳氧基)-1-溴丙烷(3), 结果显示, 微波辐射加热比常规加热下的反应速度明显加快, 收率有所提高. 3和邻苯二甲酰亚胺钾进行N-烷基化反应合成了2-[3-(芳氧基)-丙基]二氢异吲哚-1,3-二酮, 再经肼解得到了目标化合物, 所有化合物的结构均经FTIR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR及HRMS确证. ELISA检测法测定了它们体外抑制HIV-1 Tat/PCAF BRD的活性, 并对影响活性的因素进行了讨论.     

三臂ATRP引发剂的合成及应用

分别以三乙醇胺、三聚氰胺为原料,通过酰化反应合成了三种具有配体功能的三臂原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)引发剂:三[2-(2-溴异丁酰氧基)乙基]胺,三[2-(4-氯甲基苯甲酰氧基)乙基]胺和2,4,6-三(2-溴异丁酰胺基)-1,3,5-三嗪,收率分别为81%,69%和83%。以三[2-(2-溴异丁酰氧基)乙基]胺既作引发剂又作配体进行甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)的ATRP乳液聚合,结果表明反应前期与中期具有活性/可控特征。     

苦参碱磺胺类拼合物的合成

以1-溴-2-氯乙烷或1-溴-3-氯丙烷为连接链,将苦参碱和磺胺类化合物连接起来合成了8个新型的苦参碱磺胺类拼合物,其结构经1H NMR,IR和MS表征。     

新型离子型尾式乙基咪唑基卟啉化合物的合成与表征

通过不对称的单羟基卟啉化合物、二溴烷烃、咪唑和溴乙烷反应,合成了一种新型的离子型尾式卟啉化合物——溴化5-对{4-[1-(3-乙基)-咪唑基]丁氧基}苯基-10,15,20-三苯基卟啉(Et-ImBPTPP)Br,并采用质谱、紫外光谱、红外光谱、热重分析、元素分析、能谱和核磁共振氢谱对该化合物进行了结构表征。     

β,β-二氰基苯乙烯/酰胺/N-溴代丁二酰亚胺三组分合成相应的邻溴代胺

作为重要的双官能团化合物,合成新的邻溴代胺衍生物以及发展其新的合成方法具有重要意义,为此本研究建立了由β,β-二氰基苯乙烯衍生物、酰胺、N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(NBS)三组分一锅法合成相应邻溴代胺的新方法.在K2CO3催化下,β,β-二氰基苯乙烯衍生物与酰胺、NBS在二氯甲烷中、室温下反应(无需惰性气体保护),可高收率地得到邻溴代胺化合物(最高收率可达93%).考察了13种不同结构的β,β-二氰基苯乙烯衍生物与7种酰胺(丙烯酰胺、乙酰胺、戊酰胺、异丁酰胺、苯甲酰胺、对硝基苯甲酰胺、乌来糖)的反应,说明该方法不仅对β,β-二氰基苯乙烯具有广泛的适应性,也适用于不同类型的酰胺.所有产物结构均经核磁共振波谱、红外光谱及质谱确证,并提出了可能的反应机理.     

双冠醚化合物的合成研究 III. 一类新的双冠醚的合成

邻苯二酚、3,5-二叔丁基邻苯二酚分别与1,5-二氯-3-氧(杂)戊烷在碱性条件下反应, 合成了开链冠醚化合物(1a-b)。1a-b与环氧氯丙烷在氢氧化钠正丁醇中缩合, 得到相应的6-羟基二苯并-16-冠-5(2a-b)。化合物2a-b分虽与丁二酰氯、壬二酰氯在无水苯中反应, 生成了两种新的酯型双冠醚化合物3a-b; 2a-b分别与1,3-二溴丙烷、1,4-二溴丁烷、1,5-二溴戊烷、1,8-二氯-3,6-二氧(杂)辛烷及1,11-二氯-3,6,9-三氧(杂)十一烷在无水二氧六环中反应, 得到了四种新的醚型双冠醚化合物4a-e。     

十二水合硫酸铁铵催化合成丁酸异戊酯

以十二水合硫酸铁铵为催化剂,由丁酸和异戊酸合成了丁酸异戊醋,优化了酯化条件。实验结果表明,催化剂的催化活性高,反应条件温和,易于操作,方法简便,酯化率可达９６．５％。     

硫酸氢钠催化合成异丁酸异丁酯

采用硫酸氢钠为催化剂催化异丁酸与异丁醇的酯化反应,合成了异丁酸异丁酯;考察了催化剂用量、n(异丁醇)∶n(异丁酸)、反应时间、带水剂种类和用量,以及硫酸氢钠重复利用等因素对酯收率的影响.结果表明,硫酸氢钠催化活性高,易分离回收,后处理方便,废液排放量少.适宜的反应条件为n(异丁醇)∶n(异丁酸)=2.5∶1(0.2mol异丁酸),硫酸氢钠1.5g,反应时间40min,环己烷5mL;相应的酯收率为91.9%.     

Competition of Viscosity Correlation Equations in Isobutyric Acid + Water Binary Mixtures Near and Far Away from the Critical Temperature

Shear viscosity deviations Δη have been investigated by using density (ρ) and kinematic viscosity (ν) measurements for isobutyric acid + water (IBA + W) mixtures over the entire range of mole fractions at atmospheric pressure and at two temperatures (301.15 and 315.15 K). This study extends the temperature range from the five other temperatures investigated in a previous work, 1.055 K≤(T−T _c )≤14.055 K, both far from and close to the critical temperature. This system exhibits very large positive values of Δη due to increased hydrogen bonding interactions and the correlation length between unlike molecules in the critical region, and to very large differences between the molar volumes of the pure components at low temperatures. The results were also fitted with the Redlich–Kister polynomial equations and the recently proposed Herráez correlation equation. Comparisons between the two models at different temperatures and number of parameters are discussed. We note that, in this system where the shear viscosity η as a function of mole fraction (x ₁) of IBA presents a maximum, experimental data are in agreement with the two correlation models when more than three parameters are employed, especially for temperatures far from the critical temperature.     

Insights into the extraction mechanism from the coordination chemistry of copper(II) with a synergistic mixture which mimics Versatic10 and 2-ethylhexyl 4-pyridinecarboxylate ester

In the present work, a copper(II) synergist complex with methyl isonicotinate (L^I, a short chain analog of 2-ethylhexyl 4-pyridinecarboxylate ester) and isobutyric acid (HB^I, a short chain analog of Versatic10) was synthesized and studied by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The results indicated that the copper(II) synergist complex obtained with isobutyric acid and methyl isonicotinate crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group and confirmed the composition [Cu(B^I)₂(L^I)]₂. The crystal structure consisted of centrosymmetric dimeric units, in which the two Cu ions are bridged in pairs by four carboxylate groups of the deprotonated isobutyric acid. In order to bridge the gap between the solid-state structure of the copper(II) synergist complex obtained with isobutyric acid and methyl isonicotinate and the solution structure of the extracted copper(II) complex in the non-polar organic phase, the two copper(II) complexes were further investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The results indicated that the extracted copper(II) complex in the non-polar organic phase has a similar coordination structure as the copper(II) synergist complex obtained with isobutyric acid and methyl isonicotinate.     

Norrish Type I Cleavage of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids and Esters in Solution. A CIDNP.-study

UV.-irradiation of pivalic and isobutyric acid and their methyl esters as well as of α-hydroxy isobutyric and malonic acid in solution lead to chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (CIDNP.) of parent compounds and of various reaction products. CIDNP.-effects and product distributions confirm α-cleavage of the C(α), CO bond to be the major mode of photodecomposition. Scavenger experiments indicate that decomposition of the molecules from a triplet excited state is roughly equally or more probable than from a singlet excited state. Quantum yields of educt disappearance are also given for the methyl esters of pivalic and isobutyric acid.     

A chemical test of the principle of critical point universality: the solubility of nickel (II) oxide in isobutyric acid + water near the consolute point

A mixture of isobutyric acid + water has an upper consolute point at 38.8 mass?% isobutyric acid and temperature near 26?°C. Nickel (II) oxide dissolves in this mixture by reacting with the acid to produce water and nickel isobutyrate. The solubility of nickel (II) oxide in isobutyric acid + water has been measured as a function of temperature at compositions, 25, 38.8, and 60 mass?% isobutyric acid. For values of the temperature, T, which were at least 2 K in excess of the liquid-liquid phase transition temperature, the measured values of the solubility, s, lie on a straight line when plotted in van't Hoff form with ln?s versus 1∕T. The slope, (?ln?s∕?(1∕T)), of the line is negative indicating that the dissolution reaction is endothermic. When the temperature was within 2 K of the phase transition temperature, however, (?ln?s∕?(1∕T)) diverged toward negative infinity. The principle of critical point universality predicts that when excess solid nickel (II) oxide is in dissolution equilibrium with liquid isobutyric acid + water, (?ln?s∕?(1∕T)) should diverge upon approaching the consolute point along the critical isopleth at 38.8 mass?% isobutyric acid. As determined by the sign of the enthalpy of solution, the sign of this divergence is expected to be negative. Not only do our experiments confirm these predictions, but they also show that identical behavior can be observed at both 25 and 60 mass?% isobustyric acid, compositions which lie substantially to either side of the critical composition.     

Synthesis of 1-substituted 2-azaspiro[4.5]deca-6,9-diene-8-ones and 2-azaspiro[4.5]deca-1,6,9-triene-8-ones by a three-component condensation of 1,2,3-, 1,2,4- or 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene with isobutyric aldehyde and nitriles

A three-component condensation of 1,2,3- or 1,2,4-trimethoxybenzene with isobutyric aldehyde and alkyl cyanoacetates in the presence of sulfuric acid resulted in the formation of substituted 2-azaspiro[4.5]deca-6,9-diene-8-ones. The same reaction of aromatic nitriles yielded 2-azaspiro[4.5]deca-1,6,9-triene-8-ones; in the case of 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene corresponding Ritter amides were also observed. The condensation of 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene with isobutyric aldehyde and alkyl cyanoacetates provided the compounds of the formal Knöevenagel condensation.     

(18)O/(16)O isotope effect on miscibility of isobutyric acid with water

The miscibility of isobutyric acid with water and the influence of the isotope substitution of oxygen (16O/18O) in water over a broad concentration range are reported. The system exhibits a phase diagram with an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) and a visible isotope effect thereon. The oxygen isotope substitution decreases the UCST, leading to better miscibility of isobutyric acid with water. The isotope shift, DeltaTc = Tc(18O) - Tc(16O), extrapolated to the 100% enrichment in 18O, is equal to -1.15 K; hence it is much smaller and opposite to that found for deuterium substitution. The origin of the observed miscibility isotope effect has been qualitatively discussed in terms of the condensed-phase isotope effect theory.     

Reaction of α-carbanions of lithium acylates with 1,2-dibromoethane

The reaction of 1,2-dibromoethane with α-carbanions of lithium acylates generated from acetic, butyric, isobutyric, and capronic acids with lithium diisopropylamide has been studied. Anion-radical and anionic pathways of the products formation have been discussed.     

Reactions of Lithium Acylates α-Carbanions with 1,2-Diiodoethane

Russian Journal of General Chemistry - The interaction of lithium acylates α-carbanions (obtained via metallation of acetic, butyric, and isobutyric acids with lithium diisopropylamide) with...