氢键稳定的苯并菲盘状液晶的合成及介晶性

盘状液晶分子能自组装成高度有序的六方柱状介晶相. 其各向异性的载流子高速迁移率使其成为较理想的有机光电子材料. 采用分子间氢键锚定柱状相, 获得介晶相温度范围宽、有序度高的苯并菲盘状液晶是本研究的目的. 本文通过分子设计, 合成了3个系列, 共18个有两种不同软链的苯并菲盘状液晶化合物C₁₈H₆(OR)₅(OCH₂COOEt), C₁₈H₆(OR)₅(OCH₂COOBu)和C₁₈H₆(OR)₅(OCH₂CONHBu), 其中R＝C_nH_2n＋1, n＝4～9. 化合物的纯度和结构通过¹H NMR和元素分析确证. 化合物热稳定性通过热重分析(TGA)测定, 并显示出较高的热稳定性. 通过偏光显微镜(POM)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)对这些化合物的热致液晶性进行了研究. 结果显示对于分子中含有酰胺基的苯并菲液晶化合物C₁₈H₆(OR)₅(OCH₂CONHBu), 与具有同样软链长度的分子中不含酰胺键的化合物系列C₁₈H₆(OR)₅(OCH₂COOBu)相比较, 前者由于柱内分子间氢键的形成, 具有更高的熔点和清亮点.     

半氟烃链苯并菲盘状液晶的合成及其介晶性

全氟烃链的憎氟效应(fluorophobic effect)可有效地促使棒状分子形成近晶相, 并稳定液晶相. 为进一步探讨氟效应对盘状分子介晶性的影响, 合成了一系列全氟酯链的苯并菲化合物C₁₈H₆(OC_nH_2n＋1)₅(OCOC₂H₄C₆F₁₃) (a), 以及另一系列相对应的不含氟化合物C₁₈H₆(OC_nH_2n＋1)₅(OCOC₈H₁₇) (b), n＝4～9. DSC检测和偏光显微镜观察显示两类化合物都为柱状相热致型液晶. 化合物a与相对应的化合物b比较, 其熔点和清亮点上升, 柱状相的热稳定性增强.     

有玻璃态和液晶态的胆甾烯基苯并菲的合成及介晶性

将盘状液晶基元苯并菲与手性向列型液晶基元胆甾烯基结合的化合物, 可望出现全新的性质. 合成了含有胆甾烯基的苯并菲化合物C₁₈H₆(OC₅H₁₁)₅(OC₅H₁₀COOCh) (2), 2,7-C₁₈H₆(OC₅H₁₁)₄(OC₅H₁₀COOCh)₂ (4), C₁₈H₆(OR)₃(OC_nH_{2nCOO- Ch)3 (R＝C5H11, C7H15, C9H19, C11H23, n＝1, 5, 10) (6a～6f), C18H6(OC5H10COOCh)6 (Ch: cholesteryl) (8). 偏光显微镜和差示扫描量热法对这些化合物的热致介晶性研究结果显示, 化合物 4, 6a～6e具有手性盘状向列相和玻璃态, 8呈现近晶B相(SB)和玻璃态. 随间隔基长度n和烷基链R碳原子数的增加, 化合物玻璃化温度和清亮点呈下降趋势. 随着胆甾烯基数目减少, 化合物的玻璃化温度和清亮点降低.}     

含有酯基及酰胺基柔链的苯并菲盘状液晶的合成、分子间氢键对柱状介晶性的影响

合成了三个系列, 共二十四个有两种不同软链的对称和非对称苯并菲盘状液晶化合物, C₁₈H₆(OR)₃- (OCH₂COOEt)₃, C₁₈H₆(OR)₃(OCH₂COOBu)₃, C₁₈H₆(OR)₃(OCH₂CONHBu)₃, 其中R＝C₅H₁₁, C₆H₁₃, C₇H₁₅, C₈H₁₇. 化合物通过柱层析纯化, 结构通过¹H NMR, IR, 元素分析等确证. 化合物热稳定性通过TGA测定, 并显示出较高的热稳定性. 通过偏光显微镜和差视扫描量热法对这些化合物的热致液晶性进行了研究. 结果显示: 对于苯并菲液晶化合物C₁₈H₆(OR)₃(OCH₂COOEt)₃, 非对称性化合物较之对称异构体化合物有更低的熔点和更高的清亮点, 因而非对称性化合物有更宽的介晶温度范围. 对于分子中含有酰胺基的苯并菲液晶化合物C₁₈H₆(OR)₃(OCH₂CONHBu)₃, 对称化合物有比非对称异构体更高的清亮点和更有序的六方柱状介晶相, 且其与具有同样软链长度的分子中不含酰胺基的化合物系列C₁₈H₆(OR)₃(OCH₂COOBu)₃相比较, 由于柱内分子间氢键的形成, 不仅有更高的熔点和清亮点, 而且有更丰富的柱状介晶相.     

新型含氧亚甲基和亚胺桥键的液晶化合物的合成及介晶性

报道一类新的、结构通式为MeO₂CC₆H₄CH₂OC₆H₄CH＝NC₆H₄Y, Y＝OC_nH_2n＋1, Me, Cl, Br, NO₂, H 的棒状液晶化合物的合成. 通过DSC和偏光显微镜对其介晶性研究发现, 除Y＝H外, 这些化合物均具有介晶性. 当Y为非烷氧基时, 呈向列相液晶; 当Y为较短的烷氧基时(n＝1～3), 液晶化合物具有向列相(N); Y为较长烷氧基时(n＝4～16 ), 液晶化合物只有近晶B相(S_B)和近晶A相(S_A); S_A-I相变的熵变随烷氧链原子数而奇-偶变化, 但与N-I相变的“奇-偶效应”相反.     

分子间氢键对苯并菲柱状介晶性的影响: 量子化学ONIOM (MO/MM)研究

我们最近的实验显示: 对于分子中含有酰胺基的苯并菲液晶化合物C₁₈H₆(OC₅H₁₁)₃(OCH₂CONHC₄H₉)₃, 对称化合物有比反对称异构体更高的清亮点和更有序的六方柱状介晶相, 且与具有同样软链长度的分子中不含酰胺基的化合物C₁₈H₆(OC₅H₁₁)₃(OCH₂COOC₄H₉)₃相比较, 有更高的清亮点和更丰富的柱状介晶相. 本文通过量子化学ONIOM (B3LYP/6-31G(d,p):UFF)计算, 说明对于带酰胺基的分子, 对称分子比反对称分子有较大的稳定化能和较高的转动势垒. 对于对称性分子, 带酰胺基的分子比带酯基的分子有较大的稳定化能和较高的转动势垒. 这说明由酰胺基形成的分子间氢键起了稳定液晶相和锚定六方柱状相的作用, 可以解释带酰胺基的分子和对称性分子有较高的清亮点和更有序的六方柱状介晶相. 如果加长酰胺基的软链, 则可使氢键锚定的扭转角减少, 这样有利于提高电荷传输速率.     

含亚胺和胆甾烯基不对称液晶二聚体的合成及介晶性

报道含亚胺和胆甾烯基不对称液晶二聚体化合物XC₆H₄N＝CHC₆H₄OC₁₀H₂₀COOCh* [X＝OC_nH_2n＋1, (n＝1～12,14), F, Cl, Br, CH₃] (1a～1q)的合成及液晶性. 目标化合物通过600 MHz ¹H NMR和元素分析进行了结构表征. 其介晶性通过偏光显微镜(POM)和差示扫描量热计(DSC)进行了研究. 结果显示: 所有化合物都具有胆甾相(N*). 对于烷氧基系列(X＝OC_nH_2n＋1), 有部分化合物还呈现了近晶A相(S_A), 且随着末端烷氧链长度的增加, 化合物的清亮点呈现缓慢下降的趋势, 而化合物从胆甾相到各向同性液体转变的熵变(ΔS_N*→I)则呈现奇-偶效应. 同时我们对比研究了取代基X对胆甾相稳定性的影响, 发现取代基X对胆甾相的稳定性高低顺序为: MeO＞Cl＞Br＞Me＞F. 这些结果证实了末端取代基的改变对化合物的相转变温度以及介晶性质有显著的影响.     

Al+与乙硫醇团簇的气相化学反应的实验和理论研究

利用激光溅射-分子束的方法研究了Al⁺和乙硫醇的气相化学反应,结果观察到了Al⁺与1～6个乙硫醇分子形成的团簇离子. 对团簇离子进行了密度泛函理论计算,找到了两种类型的异构体Al⁺(C₂H₅SH)_n和HAl⁺SC₂H₅(C₂H₅SH)_n-1,计算得到了相应的稳定结构和能量.分析质谱信号强度,结合理论计算结果,可推测出实验得到的n=1的产物离子是Al⁺(C₂H₅SH). n=2和3时产物离子开始转变为HAl⁺SC₂H₅(C₂H₅SH)_n-1, n=4时,HAl⁺SC₂H₅(C₂H₅SH)₃和Al⁺(C₂H₅SH)₄两种产物离子都存在,n≥5以后,团簇离子Al⁺(C₂H₅SH)_n开始成为主要的产物离子.     

通过氢键构筑的含3-硝基邻苯二甲酸的层状超分子化合物

合成了含大量氢键的层状超分子化合物[C₄H₁₂N₂](HL)₂ (I)和[YL(HL)(H₂O)₃]₂•2H₂O (II) (H₂L＝O₂NC₆H₃- (CO₂H)₂, 3-硝基邻苯二甲酸), 并通过元素分析、红外分析和单晶X衍射表征了组成与结构. 化合物I为双质子化哌嗪阳离子和3-硝基邻苯二甲酸氢根阴离子组成的加合物, 阴离子之间靠强烈的O—H…O氢键形成无限链状结构, 同时阴离子链通过N—H…O氢键与阳离子扩展成网状结构, 相邻的网状结构再由分子间弱作用力构筑成层状超分子. 化合物II则是在双核稀土配合物结构单元通过O—H…O氢键构成的网状结构基础上再进一步由层间弱作用力构筑成的层状超分子化合物. 化合物II的网格结构中, 菱形单元空隙里填充的两个结晶水通过氢键将结点上的双核单元更牢固地结合在一起. 化合物I为单斜晶系, P2₁/c空间群, a＝1.3176(3) nm, b＝1.1096(2) nm, c＝0.75950(15) nm, b＝97.14(3)°, V＝1.1017(4) nm³, Z＝4, μ＝0.129 mm^－1, D_c＝1.533 Mg/m³. 化合物II为三斜晶系, P-1空间群, a＝0.81262(16) nm, b＝0.86942(18) nm, c＝1.5011(3) nm, α＝99.84(3)°, β＝91.26(3)°, γ＝104.55(3)°, V＝1.0091(4) nm³, Z＝1, μ＝2.983 mm^－1, D_c＝1.910 Mg/m³.     

含全氟烃基的联苯酯类液晶的合成及其介晶性

全氟烃或半氟烃链无手性液晶化合物可能呈现铁电液晶性, 具有较大的学术及应用价值而受到研究人员的重视. 合成了全氟己基苯甲酸联苯酯类液晶化合物: ROC₆H₄C₆H₄O₂CC₆H₄C₆F₁₃ (3a～3e), C₃H₇C₆H₄C₆H₄O₂CC₆H₄C₆F₁₃ (6a)及其烃衍生物. 用差示扫描量热法(DSC)和偏光显微镜(POM)对其介晶性研究发现: 烃衍生物呈有序度较低的向列相, 熔点较高, 清亮点较低, 液晶相较窄. 全氟烃基取代的化合物出现多个有序度较高的近晶相, 熔点较低, 清亮点高, 介晶相温度范围宽.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.