含有酯基及酰胺基柔链的苯并菲盘状液晶的合成、分子间氢键对柱状介晶性的影响

合成了三个系列, 共二十四个有两种不同软链的对称和非对称苯并菲盘状液晶化合物, C₁₈H₆(OR)₃- (OCH₂COOEt)₃, C₁₈H₆(OR)₃(OCH₂COOBu)₃, C₁₈H₆(OR)₃(OCH₂CONHBu)₃, 其中R＝C₅H₁₁, C₆H₁₃, C₇H₁₅, C₈H₁₇. 化合物通过柱层析纯化, 结构通过¹H NMR, IR, 元素分析等确证. 化合物热稳定性通过TGA测定, 并显示出较高的热稳定性. 通过偏光显微镜和差视扫描量热法对这些化合物的热致液晶性进行了研究. 结果显示: 对于苯并菲液晶化合物C₁₈H₆(OR)₃(OCH₂COOEt)₃, 非对称性化合物较之对称异构体化合物有更低的熔点和更高的清亮点, 因而非对称性化合物有更宽的介晶温度范围. 对于分子中含有酰胺基的苯并菲液晶化合物C₁₈H₆(OR)₃(OCH₂CONHBu)₃, 对称化合物有比非对称异构体更高的清亮点和更有序的六方柱状介晶相, 且其与具有同样软链长度的分子中不含酰胺基的化合物系列C₁₈H₆(OR)₃(OCH₂COOBu)₃相比较, 由于柱内分子间氢键的形成, 不仅有更高的熔点和清亮点, 而且有更丰富的柱状介晶相.     

半氟烃链苯并菲盘状液晶的合成及其介晶性

全氟烃链的憎氟效应(fluorophobic effect)可有效地促使棒状分子形成近晶相, 并稳定液晶相. 为进一步探讨氟效应对盘状分子介晶性的影响, 合成了一系列全氟酯链的苯并菲化合物C₁₈H₆(OC_nH_2n＋1)₅(OCOC₂H₄C₆F₁₃) (a), 以及另一系列相对应的不含氟化合物C₁₈H₆(OC_nH_2n＋1)₅(OCOC₈H₁₇) (b), n＝4～9. DSC检测和偏光显微镜观察显示两类化合物都为柱状相热致型液晶. 化合物a与相对应的化合物b比较, 其熔点和清亮点上升, 柱状相的热稳定性增强.     

钯催化偶联反应合成刚性桥连的苯并菲盘状液晶二聚体

盘状液晶是一类新型有机半导体材料, 盘状二聚体具有新颖的自组织特性. 合成了一系列官能化的盘状液晶单体, 再通过Pd催化端炔自身偶联反应合成了六个二苯基丁二炔桥连的苯并菲盘状液晶二聚体: (RO)₅C₁₈H₆(O₂CC₆H₄C≡C—C≡CC₆H₄CO₂)C₁₈H₆(OR)₅ (R＝C_nH_2n＋1, n＝4～9). 化合物的纯度和结构通过¹H NMR, IR和高分辨质谱表征. 二聚体的热失重分析(TGA)结果显示它们有良好的热稳定性, 在370 ℃才开始分解. 化合物的热致液晶性通过偏光显微镜和差视扫描热量法研究, 结果显示所有单体及二聚体化合物均为柱状相液晶, 在室温及以下仍处于液晶相. 单体清亮点随柔链增长呈下降趋势, 而二聚体呈相反趋势. 苯并菲柔链长度和连接基刚性对液晶性都有重要影响.     

分子间氢键对苯并菲柱状介晶性的影响: 量子化学ONIOM (MO/MM)研究

我们最近的实验显示: 对于分子中含有酰胺基的苯并菲液晶化合物C₁₈H₆(OC₅H₁₁)₃(OCH₂CONHC₄H₉)₃, 对称化合物有比反对称异构体更高的清亮点和更有序的六方柱状介晶相, 且与具有同样软链长度的分子中不含酰胺基的化合物C₁₈H₆(OC₅H₁₁)₃(OCH₂COOC₄H₉)₃相比较, 有更高的清亮点和更丰富的柱状介晶相. 本文通过量子化学ONIOM (B3LYP/6-31G(d,p):UFF)计算, 说明对于带酰胺基的分子, 对称分子比反对称分子有较大的稳定化能和较高的转动势垒. 对于对称性分子, 带酰胺基的分子比带酯基的分子有较大的稳定化能和较高的转动势垒. 这说明由酰胺基形成的分子间氢键起了稳定液晶相和锚定六方柱状相的作用, 可以解释带酰胺基的分子和对称性分子有较高的清亮点和更有序的六方柱状介晶相. 如果加长酰胺基的软链, 则可使氢键锚定的扭转角减少, 这样有利于提高电荷传输速率.     

有玻璃态和液晶态的胆甾烯基苯并菲的合成及介晶性

将盘状液晶基元苯并菲与手性向列型液晶基元胆甾烯基结合的化合物, 可望出现全新的性质. 合成了含有胆甾烯基的苯并菲化合物C₁₈H₆(OC₅H₁₁)₅(OC₅H₁₀COOCh) (2), 2,7-C₁₈H₆(OC₅H₁₁)₄(OC₅H₁₀COOCh)₂ (4), C₁₈H₆(OR)₃(OC_nH_{2nCOO- Ch)3 (R＝C5H11, C7H15, C9H19, C11H23, n＝1, 5, 10) (6a～6f), C18H6(OC5H10COOCh)6 (Ch: cholesteryl) (8). 偏光显微镜和差示扫描量热法对这些化合物的热致介晶性研究结果显示, 化合物 4, 6a～6e具有手性盘状向列相和玻璃态, 8呈现近晶B相(SB)和玻璃态. 随间隔基长度n和烷基链R碳原子数的增加, 化合物玻璃化温度和清亮点呈下降趋势. 随着胆甾烯基数目减少, 化合物的玻璃化温度和清亮点降低.}     

Al+与乙硫醇团簇的气相化学反应的实验和理论研究

利用激光溅射-分子束的方法研究了Al⁺和乙硫醇的气相化学反应,结果观察到了Al⁺与1～6个乙硫醇分子形成的团簇离子. 对团簇离子进行了密度泛函理论计算,找到了两种类型的异构体Al⁺(C₂H₅SH)_n和HAl⁺SC₂H₅(C₂H₅SH)_n-1,计算得到了相应的稳定结构和能量.分析质谱信号强度,结合理论计算结果,可推测出实验得到的n=1的产物离子是Al⁺(C₂H₅SH). n=2和3时产物离子开始转变为HAl⁺SC₂H₅(C₂H₅SH)_n-1, n=4时,HAl⁺SC₂H₅(C₂H₅SH)₃和Al⁺(C₂H₅SH)₄两种产物离子都存在,n≥5以后,团簇离子Al⁺(C₂H₅SH)_n开始成为主要的产物离子.     

新型双四面体过渡金属簇合物的合成与表征

利用Co₂(CO)₈与[Cl₃CC(O)OCH₂]₂的反应合成了以C(O)OCH₂CH₂OC(O)桥联两个Co₃C四面体骨架为特征的新型双四面体簇合物[(CO)₉Co₃(μ₃-C)C(O)OCH₂]₂(1);1与不同物质的量比的Na[M(CO)₃C₅H₄R](M=Mo,W;R=H,C(O)Me)反应,得到一步交换的产物(CO)₉Co₃(μ₃-C)C(O)OCH₂CH₂OC(O)(μ₃-C)Co₂M(CO)₈(C₅H₄R)[M=Mo,R=H(2);M=Mo,R=C(O)Me(3);M=W,R=H(4);M=W,R=C(O)Me(5)]或两步交换的产物[(C₅H₄R)(CO)₈Co₂M(μ₃-C)C(O)OCH₂]₂[M=Mo,R=H(6);M=Mo,R=C(O)Me(7);M=W,R=H(8);M=W,R=C(O)Me(9)].5或9分别与Na[Mo(CO)₃C₅H₅]以12的物质的量比反应得到含一个手性四面体骨架(CoMoWC)的(C₅H₅)(CO)₈Co₂Mo(μ₃-C)C(O)OCH₂CH₂O·C(O)(μ₃-C)CoMoW(CO)₇(C₅H₄C(O)Me)(C₅H₅)(10)或含两个手性四面体骨架(CoMoWC)的[(C₅H₅)(C₅H₄C(O)Me)(CO)₇CoMoW(μ₃-C)C(O)OCH₂]₂(11);对化合物1_11进行了CH元素分析、IR和¹HNMR等表征.结果表明,在金属交换反应中处于不同簇环境下的Co(CO)₃基团反应活性不同.对化合物1进行了晶体X射线衍射分析.化合物1的晶体属单斜晶系,P2₁/n(#14)空间群,晶胞参数a=0.933 0(2)nm,b=1.519 7(4)nm,c=1.178 3(4)nm,=91.16(2)°,Z=2,F(000)=972.分子结构呈中心对称.     

中国乌头之研究——Ⅵ.雪上一枝蒿的生物碱(2)

从云南省昭通县产的雪上一枝蒿中共分得生物碱五种,其中三种为已知物,即烏头碱、次岛头碱和一枝蒿乙素,另二种为新生物碱,暂名为一枝蒿戊素和己素。一枝蒿戊素的分子式为C₂₄H₃₉O₆N,其示性式为C₁₉H₂₂(OH)₃(OCH₃)3-(N·C₂H₅);一枝蒿己素的分子式为C₂₄H₃₉O₇N,其示性式为C₁₉H₂₁(OH)₄(OCH₃)₃(N·C₂H₅);另从云南省东川县出产的雪上一枝蒿中,尚分得一新生物碱,暂称为一枝蒿庚素,分子式为C₂₁H₃₁O₃N,其示性式为C₁₉H₂₄(:O)(OH)₂(N·C₂H₅)。     

基于2-氨基吡啶的两个簇基超分子化合物的合成、 结构及催化性能

以磷钼酸、 2-氨基吡啶、 五氧化二钒、 氯化锌和氯化镍等为主要原料, 采用水热方法合成了2个簇基超分子化合物[H₃PMo₁₂O₄₀]₂[C₅H₆N₂]₆(1)和[H₂PMo₁₂V₂O₄₂][C₅H₆N₂]₅·3H₂O(2)(C₅H₆N₂=2-氨基吡啶). 通过元素分析、 红外光谱、 紫外-可见光谱、 X射线光电子能谱、 热重分析、 X射线单晶衍射及X射线粉末衍射等手段对化合物进行了结构表征. 结构分析显示, 簇单元不同的2个超分子化合物以各自独特的堆积方式形成三维超分子网络. 利用苯乙烯的环氧化反应研究了2个化合物的催化性能.     

Ru-Fe异金属化合物及其在Au表面上SAM的电化学研究

为使不对称Ru-Fe化合物能在表面上自组装形成单分子膜,对trans-RuCl(dppm)₂(C≡CFc)[Fc=C₅H₄FeC₅H₅,dppm=(C₆H₅)₂PCH₂P(C₆H₅)₂](1)进行修饰,得到Ru(dppm)₂(C≡CFc)(C≡CPhOCH₃)(2),[Ru(dppm)₂(C≡CFc)(N≡CCH₂CH₂NH₂)][PF₆](3)和[Ru(dppm)₂(C≡CFc)(N≡CCH₂CH₂NHC(O)·(CH₂)₁₀SH)][PF₆](4),并详细研究了该系列化合物的电化学性质.循环伏安结果显示出Ru周围配体得失电子能力的差别,直接影响了Ru中心的氧化-还原性,但这种影响并没有通过共轭的炔键传递到二茂铁中的Fe中心.化合物4可以在Au表面上自组装形成稳定、有序的单分子膜.还利用循环伏安法研究了单分子膜的形成过程及其表面覆盖率.     

Synthesis of Mixed Tail Triphenylene Discotic Liquid Crystals： Molecular Symmetry and Oxygen-Atom Effect on the Stabilization of Columnar Mesophases

Small change in chemical structure of discotic liquid crystals can cause big difference in their mesomorphism. Replacing of the alkoxy peripheral chains of triphenylene by oxygen-atom containing ester chains would result in novel mesomorphism. A series of mixed tail triphenylenes containing propoxyacetyloxy and alkoxy, abbreviated as C18H6（OCnH2n＋1）3（OCOCH2OC3H7）3, n=4-8, and hexa（propyloxyacetyloxy）triphenylene, C18H6（OCOCH2OC3H7）6 were synthesized. Thermal gravimetry analysis （TGA） of three discogens showed that they had good thermal stability till 350 ℃. The mesomorphism was investigated through differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and polarized optical microscopy （POM）. The preliminary X-ray diffraction （XRD） results of one compound showed that it exhibited ordered hexagonal columnar （Colho） mesophase. These mixed tail triphenylene derivatives possessed much stable Colho mesophase and wider mesophase ranges than their hexaalkoxytriphenylene C18H6（OR）6 and hexaalkanoyloxytriphenylene C18H6（OCOR＇）6 analogues. The asymmetrical compounds 2,6,11-trialkoxy-3,7,10-tri（2-propyloxyacetyloxy）triphenylenes with n=5-8 displayed higher clearing points and wider temperature ranges than their symmetrical isomers 2,6,10-trialkoxy-3,7,11-tri（2-propyloxyacetyloxy）- triphenylenes, while C18H6（OCOCH2OC3H7）6 had the highest clearing point due to the β-oxygen-atom effect.     

Synthesis and mesomorphism of diacetylene-bridged triphenylene discotic liquid crystal dimers

Connecting two discotic mesogens via a spacer not only stabilizes the columnar mesophase but also leads to the formation of glass columnar phase, and therefore improves the physical properties of discotic liquid crystals as organic semiconductor. Here, we report the synthesis of eight diacetylene-bridged triphenylene discotic liquid crystal dimers, [C18H6(OCnH2n+1)4(OMe)O2C-C8H16-C≡≡ C-]2, 3(n), (n = 4-8), [C18H6(OC6H13)5O2C-C8H16-C≡≡ C-]2, 6 and [C18H6(OC6H13)5O-(CH2)m-C≡≡ C-]2, 8(m), (m = 1, 3) by Eglinto...     

Synthesis of unsymmetric triphenylene discotic liquid crystals with a semi-fluorinated chain and the influence of fluorophobic effect on mesogenic behavior

The fluorophobic effect of the semi-fluorinated chain of discotic molecules efficiently improves the stability of columnar mesophase.Low symmetric discogens exhibit decreased melting points and wide mesophase ranges.A series of triphenylene derivatives 1,C18H6(OCnH2n+1)4(OMe)(O2CC2H4C6F13),and their hydrocarbon analogues 2,C18H6(OCnH2n+1)4(OMe)(O2CC8H17),n = 4―8,were synthesized for the investigation of the influence of semi-fluorinated peripheral chain and molecular symmetry on mesomorphism.The structures ...     

苯并菲盘状液晶的合成、亲氟效应及分子对称性对介晶性的影响

New symmetrical and asymmetrical triphenylene-containing discotic liquid crystals with two different peripheral alkyl chains, known as sym-TP(OC6H13)3(OR)3 and asym-TP(OC6H13)3(OR)3, were synthesized. Their thermotropic liquid crystal properties were investigated through polarizing optical microscopy (POM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The asyrranetdcal discogens are 2,6,11-rialkoxy-3,7,10-trihexyloxytriphenylenes, with the alkyl chain carbon numbers varying from 3-10, 12, and 14, while the symmetrical compounds are 2,6,10-trialkyloxy-3,7,11-trihexyloxytriphenylene. Two fluoroalkoxy substituted triphenylene discogens, 2,6,10-td(4,4,4-trifluorobutoxy)-3,7,11-trihexyloxytriphenylene and its asymmetrical isomer 2,6,11-tri(4,4,4-trifluorobutoxy)-3,7,10-trihexyloxytdphenylene were prepared. These two compounds show higher melting and clearing points than their alkoxy analogs, which implies that fluorophilic effect exists in the formation and stabilization of discotic columnar mesophase. The triphenylene derivatives TP(OC6H13)3(OR)3 with two different peripheral chains, symmetrically or asymmetrically attached on triphenylene cores, have lower melting points and clearing points than those of the higher symmetrical compounds TP(OR)6 with the same total chain carbon numbers. The mixed-chain-triphenylenes with longer alkoxy chains (n=9,10,12,14) show columnarmesophase at room temperature.     

Synthesis and mesomorphism of ether–ester mixed tail C3-symmetrical truxene discotic liquid crystals

Truxene discotic liquid crystals are interesting for their polymesomorphism and as organic semiconductor candidates. We developed an efficient synthetic method for C₃-symmetrical truxene derivative 2,7,12-trihydroxy-3,8,13-trimethoxytruxene 5, and further a series of ether–ester mixed tail truxene discogens HTn, TR(OMe)₃[OOCC₆H₂(OC_nH_2n+1)₃]₃ were prepared. The truxene discogens HTn (n?=?4–8, 10, 12) were characterised by using ¹H and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Their thermal stability was studied with thermal gravimetric analysis and their liquid crystal properties were investigated by using polarising optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. They exhibit a hexagonal columnar (Col_h) mesophase in fairly wide temperature ranges.     

Synthesis and mesomorphism of mixed ether-ester tail triphenylene discotic liquid crystals with long alkyloxy peripheral chains

Symmetrical and asymmetrical triphenylene discotic liquid crystals with two kinds of different peripheral chains, sym-TP(OC₁₁H₂₃)₃(O₂CR)₃ and asym-TP(OC₁₁H₂₃)₃(O₂CR)₃, (R=CH₂OC₂H₅, CH₂OC₃H₇, CH₂OC₄H₉, CH₂OC₅H₁₁, C₃H₇, C₄H₉, C₅H₁₁, C₆H₁₃, C₇H₁₅) were synthesized. Their thermotropic liquid crystalline properties were studied by polarizing optical microscopy (POM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results showed that the asymmetrical compounds had higher melting and clearing points than that of their corresponding symmetrical compounds. For the same series of compounds, TP(OC₁₁H₂₃)₃(O₂CR)₃, their melting points decrease and clearing points increase gradually with the lengthening of ester chains. Most of the β-oxygen containing esters of triphenylene derivatives, TP (OC₁₁H₂₃)₃(O₂CR)₃, (R=CH₂OC₂H₅, CH₂OC₃H₇, CH₂OC₄H₉, CH₂OC₅H₁₁), symmetrically or asymmetrically attached on triphenylene cores, have higher melting and clearing points than those of triphenylene derivatives, TP(OC₁₁H₂₃)₃(O₂CR)₃, (R=C₄H₉, C₅H₁₁, C₆H₁₃, C₇H₁₅), with the same length of peripheral chains. The triphenylene derivatives with longer peripheral chains have shown mesophase at room temperature. __________ Translated from Chemical Research and Application, 2007, 19(10) (in Chinese)     

新的混合柔链苯并菲盘状液晶：分子对称性与宽温柱状介晶相

A series of new trialkoxytrialkanoyloxytriphenylene TP（OCnH2n＋1）3（OCOCmH2m＋1）3 （5a-5e） （n =m＋1 =4- 8） discotic liquid crystals were prepared and their mesomorphic properties were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and polarizing optical microscopy （POM）. The symmetrical and shorter chain triphenylenes display higher melting points and clearing points, more highly ordered and stable columnar mesophase than the asymmetrical and longer chain triphenylenes respectively.