光诱导单电子转移反应合成硫杂、氮杂冠醚

合成了以邻苯二甲酰亚胺为电子受体,末端三甲基硅烷基醚链为电子给体的新的分子内给受电子体系N-(末端三甲基硅烷基硫杂醚链)邻苯二甲酰亚胺(1)和N-(末端三甲基硅烷基氮杂醚链)邻苯二甲酰亚胺(2).化合物1和2在甲醇中进行光反应,在光诱导下发生分子内单电子转移反应,以很高的产率和很高的区域选择性生成硫杂冠醚(3)和氮杂冠醚(4).化合物1~4的化学结构经核磁共振、质谱的验证.     

N-(末端三甲基硅苄基甘氨酸肽链)邻苯二甲酰亚胺的光诱导单电子转移成环反应

以苄基甘氨酸为起始原料合成N-(末端三甲基硅苄基甘氨酸肽链)邻苯二甲酰亚胺(1).1在甲醇溶剂中光照发生单电子转移反应,生成分子内双自由基10,自由基偶合生成环聚甘氨酸肽化合物2.此反应产率好,区域选择性高.所有新化合物结构均经NMR和质谱验证.     

牛血清白蛋白的光损伤和光氧化机理

运用激光闪光光解瞬态吸收技术, 在266 nm激光激励下, 研究了牛血清白蛋白(BSA)光损伤和被SO4-·单电子氧化的反应机理, 表征了反应过程中生成的自由基. 结果表明, 在266 nm激光照射下, BSA可同时发生光电离和光激发, 生成色氨酸阳离子自由基(Trp/NH+·), 由Trp/NH+·快速脱质子形成的色氨酸中性自由基(Trp/N·)及色氨酸三重激发态(3Trp*), 3Trp*再与酪氨酸(Tyr)发生分子内电子转移生成酪氨酸中性自由基(Tyr/O·). 在SO4-·单电子氧化的反应中, 借助减谱技术, 求得BSA中Tyr和色氨酸(Trp)自由基的表观生成速率常数, 但未发现分子内电子转移现象, 阐明了SO4-·自由基是通过与BSA中的Tyr和Trp发生电子转移反应来氧化BSA的, SO4-·氧化BSA的反应速率常数为1.51×10¹⁰ L·mol^-1·s^-1, 从而为进一步研究血清白蛋白的氧化还原代谢过程提供理论基础.     

原子转移自由基聚合的最新研究进展*

原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)是目前为止最具工业化应用前景的“活性”/可控自由基聚合之一。近年来对其广泛的研究使这一技术逐渐向着“提高可操作性”与“尽可能地减少金属催化剂用量”方面发展;与此同时,诞生了不同催化体系的ATRP衍生技术,如反向原子转移自由基聚合(RATRP)、正向反向同时引发的原子转移自由基聚合(SR&NI ATRP)、引发剂连续再生催化剂原子转移自由基聚合(ICAR ATRP)、电子转移生成催化剂的原子转移自由基聚合(AGET ATRP)和电子转移再生催化剂原子转移自由基聚合(ARGET ATRP)等多种基于ATRP的新方法。本文概述了这几种ATRP体系的发展历程与基本原理,并对其国内外的最新研究进展进行了综述。     

加速沸石分子筛水热晶化的羟基自由基

正自由基(free radical),又称游离基,是指具有至少一个未配对的原子或基团,如有机化合物在光热等外界条件下分子内某个共价键发生均裂而形成的活性中间产物。为了达到稳定状态,自由基极易从分子内的邻近原子或从邻近化合物分子夺取一个电子,自身变成一个分子,同时伴随着新自由基的生成。因此除了极个别情况,大多数自由基都具有较高的化学活性。自由基的种类很多,最常见的有?OH自由基、烷氧自由基及碳、     

联苯负离子自由基与萘分子间长程电子转移的从头算研究

分离处理π σ π体系中的给体 ,受体和σ桥体 ,在HF/4 31G和HF/DZP水平上优化了联苯 ,联苯负离子自由基 ,萘和萘负离子自由基的几何构型 ,计算了分子间电子转移的内重组能 .取线性反应坐标R =0 .5 ,在STO 3G水平上用变分原理和分子轨道跃迁能方法 ,计算了π σ π体系自交换反应的电子转移矩阵元 .对交叉反应体系 ,沿线性反应坐标搜寻最小轨道能级分裂Δmin,确定了电子转移矩阵元和过渡态构型 .用Marcus双球模型计算液相电子转移的溶剂重组能 ,结合半经典模型计算了几种以联苯负离子自由基为给体 ,联苯和萘为受体的π σ π体系分子内电子转移速率常数 .     

气相中的自由基转移反应——S_H2取代反应

自由基转移反应或称自由基取代反应,是指自由基从一中性分子中攫取一个原子(通常是H原子),生成一个新的自由基和一个新的稳定分子的反应: X. R—H→H—X R.在机理上,这一基元过程称为均裂型双分子取代,即S_H2反应。本报告准备就控制这类反应的几种因素进行探讨。表1中所列的是各种不同的原子或自由基从烷烃中攫取氢原子的相对选择性。自由基与烷烃反应,攫取伯碳、仲碳或叔碳原子上的H     

碘化钠-三苯基膦介导的光氧化还原醛亚胺烷基化

电子给受体(EDA)络合物参与的光氧化还原反应近十年来备受关注.新近发现的碘化钠-三苯基膦-N-羟基邻苯二甲酰亚胺羧酸酯EDA络合物已被用于发展多种净氧化还原中性的光反应.本工作将该EDA络合物用于建立净还原性光反应体系,发展了无需光敏剂的可见光促进的醛亚胺自由基加成反应.该反应不仅能以高产率得到仲、叔、α-杂原子取代烷基自由基加成产物,而且通常反应性不佳的伯烷基自由基以及富电子或仲苄基自由基均能得到较高产率,为合成非天然氨基酸和胺类化合物提供了高效可靠的新方法.     

二氢吡唑与α,β-环氧酮之间光诱导电子转移反应研究

1,3,5-三苯基-4,5-二氢吡唑是一类具有高强荧光的分子,常用作合成纤维和天然纤维的荧光增白剂[1].这类分子对光比较敏感,在光照下可氧气氧化褪色.其褪色原因在于其脱氢反应.因此关于其还原性的研究和光诱导电子转移性质的研究已有一些文献报道.如在亚甲蓝或玫瑰红敏化下与单线态氧反应生成无荧光的吡唑[2];在无氧条件下与四氯苯醌发生光反应生成吡唑等.1,3,5-二氢吡唑与酮的光反应在热力学上虽然可行,但实际的反应速率非常缓慢.关键的原因在于生成的自由基正离子的脱氢是速率控制步骤,快速的电子反传导致光反应的效率降低.我们期望通过自由基负离子的化学键快速裂解抑制电子反传,延长自由基正离子的寿命以提高光反应的效率.因此我们对它们与α,β-环氧酮之间无氧条件下的光诱导电子转移反应进行了研究.结果表明,α,β-环氧酮2a～2b可使1b和1c发生有效的脱氢反应,同时α,β-环氧酮发生还原的开环反应.而1a,1d～1e则反应较慢.2e也可使1a和1b发生有效的脱氢反应,1c主要发生分解开环反应.但在脱氧的四氯化碳中光照,1a～1e均可快速脱氢生成吡唑类化合物.     

共轭稠环中杂原子对电子输运行为的影响

以杂原子取代的共轭稠环分子[并四噻吩(Th4)、并四呋喃(Ox4)和并四吡咯(Py4)]为研究模型,利用密度泛函理论结合非平衡态格林函数方法,研究了杂原子取代和分子端基导电连接方式对电子输运行为的影响.结果表明,并四聚体中电子输运行为主要与电子传输路径和量子干涉效应有关.端基连接方式决定了分子中电子的主要传输路径.所考察的模型中存在2条电子传输通道:(1)单双键连接的共轭碳链;(2)由杂原子参与,同相邻碳原子构成的电子传输通道.杂原子的引入构筑了额外的电子传输通道,增强了分子的导电能力.由于并四聚体α-位连接的T-type体系中存在有效电子传递路径,杂原子仅起到修饰作用.而β-位连接的C-type体系中缺乏有效电子传输路径,但杂原子通过局域的量子干涉效应对电子传递效率产生显著影响.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.