超临界CO2络合萃取金属离子的研究与应用

本文综述了国内外对超临界CO2络合萃取技术的研究与应用现状.总结并分析了超临界CO2流体萃取金属离子的原理、方法,动力学机理,络合剂和改性剂的选择,络合萃取过程的影响因素,并着重介绍了其在环境保护、核工业、冶金工业、化学分析、中药产业、保健品工业中的应用.最后指出了它目前存在的问题,并对未来研究方向进行了展望.     

超临界CO_2络合萃取绿茶中Cu、Pb和Cd的研究

本文采用超临界CO2络合萃取法萃取绿茶中的Cu、Pb和Cd。分别考察了不同改性剂和络合剂、萃取压力、萃取温度以及静态和动态萃取时间对三种重金属的萃取率影响。研究结果表明:以磷酸三丁酯(TBP)/HNO3为络合剂,乙醇为改性剂,在20MPa、333K、静态和动态萃取时间分别为30min的最佳条件下,Cu、Pb和Cd的萃取率分别为78.3%、73.2%和69.5%。     

超临界流体萃取金属离子在环境分析上的应用

固体和液体中的金属离子能在含有有机螯合剂的超临界二氧化碳(SC-CO2)流体中被有效地萃取出来。超临界流体萃取(SFE)金属离子的效率取决于下列因素：螯合剂在SC-CO2中的稳定性和溶解性、金属络合物在SC-CO2中的溶解度、水、pH值、压力、温度及金属离子的化学形式和基质的性质等。     

衍生-超临界流体萃取金属离子的技术与进展

综述了近年来衍生-超临界流体萃取环境样品和环境模拟样品中金属离子的研究报道,结合作者的研究工作,着重评述了超临界流体萃取不同环境样品、环境模拟样品中金属离子的原理、萃取过程的动力学模型、衍生剂的选择原则、金属螫合物在超临界流体中的溶解度理论、影响萃取效率的因素、金属离子超临界流体萃取应用研究现状与进展等。利用流体与基体改性技术实现了金属离子和金属螯合物的超临界流体萃取,且在萃取体系中加入适量的表面活性剂能显著提高萃取效率。     

薤白挥发油成分的超临界CO2萃取及GC-MS分析

采取超临界CO2萃取和水蒸气蒸馏两种方法提取薤白中的挥发油,比较了两种提取方法得到的挥发油的理化性质,并利用GC-MS对它们进行了定性、定量分析。两种方法的主要提取物均为含硫化合物,但超临界CO2萃取法得到的含硫化合物的数量和质量都高于水蒸气蒸馏法得到的提取物。采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取8 h得到的萃取率为1.72%。通过设计的超临界CO2萃取的正交实验,得到了最佳萃取工艺条件为:压力25 MPa,温度40℃,CO2流量为25L/h。最佳萃取时间为120 min,萃取率为4.41%,是水蒸气蒸馏法萃取率的2.8倍。实验结果表明,超临界CO2萃取法简单易行,可以较快速、有效地提取薤白中的挥发油。     

天然香料的超临界CO_2流体萃取

对天然产品的需求导致人们对超临界CO2流体萃取的极大兴趣。本文综述了超临界CO2流体萃取在天然香料中的研究和应用进展并讨论了它与传统分离方法相比较时的优点。     

在超临界CO2流体中的化学反应

超临界CO2流体中的化学反应是继超临界流体应用于萃取分离过程之后进一步将其应用于化学反应的新尝试。本文重点综述了超临界CO2流体中的化学反应研究进展, 并对其发展前景作了展望。     

长链氨羧络合剂萃取稀土饵

研究了长链氨羧络合剂N,N′-二(十二烷基)乙二胺二乙酸钠(Na2R2Y)的氯仿溶液萃取稀土饵的行为;考察了溶液酸度、络合剂浓度、相比和温度对萃取率的影响.用摩尔比法测定了Na2R2Y与Er3+的络合摩尔比为1∶1;结果表明,Na2R2Y的氯仿溶液对饵的萃取率随络合剂浓度的增大而增大,随温度的升高而降低.     

超临界CO2流体萃取重金属的研究进展

超临界CO2I充体与金属配合技术相结合开辟了重金属萃取的新途径,本文介绍了超临界CO2流体萃取重金属的研究现状,总结了影响萃因素,并对未来的发展趋势作了展望。     

若干芳香化湿类及理气类中药的超临界二氧化碳萃取研究

对苍术、砂仁、香附等若干芳香化湿类及理气类中药进行了超临界CO2 萃取 ,并对其中部分萃取产物的组成进行了GC和GC -MS分析。结果显示 ,超临界CO2 萃取产物的质量与出油率较传统水蒸气蒸馏产物均有较大改善和提高     

铀促排化合物的研究进展*

本文简要介绍了铀中毒的毒理机制和铀促排化合物的解毒机制,综述了自20世纪70年代以来用于铀促排的化合物,并对其中主要的几大类,如邻苯二酚类、羟基吡啶酮类、膦酸类等进行了分析,展望了铀促排化合物的发展前景.     

The Design of Therapeutic Chelating Agents

Abstract

The factors involved in the design of therapeutic chelating agents are outlined on the basis of the theoretical analyses of ligand design and experimental data obtained in animal studies. The starting point in such design must always be those factors which assure that a sufficiently high stability constant be achieved, and here the analyses presented by Martell and his co-workers furnish a general approach. If the removal of intracellular metal deposits is to be achieved, additional factors need to be considered to incorporate variables which govern the interaction of the chelating agent with the membrane systems of those organs within which the toxic metal is concentrated. For these, the QSAR (quantitative structure activity relationship) procedure of Hansch furnishes a useful guide. This allows the development of direct structure-efficacy correlations (DSEC) involving molecular parameters in addition to those which are directly involved in the determination of the stability constant. In several cases data are available which indicate how the relative efficacy of two chelating agents with essentially identical stability constant expectations is dependent upon structural features which govern the relative ease with which such molecules can gain access to intracellular deposits. The combination of these approaches allows the joint use of in vitro and in vivo data to design improved therapeutic chelating agents with an increased probability of success when tested in vivo.     

Chelating properties of alpha-oximinocarboxamides-I alpha-Oximinophenylacetamide isomers

Various polyfunctional oximes chelate with metals pro vided that the other functional group is proximal to the oxime and contains a good donor atom or is a good donor itself. Thus alpha-oximinocarboxamides are potential chelating agents of analytical value since the amide function attached to the carbon atom bearing the oxime has two groups capable of functioning as donors (ketone and amine). Two isomers of alpha-oximinophenylacetamide (AOPA) were obtained by two different synthetic routes, and structures were assigned by spectrometric methods. syn-AOPA was found to have chelating properties, but the anti-isomer did not. The synthesis and details of structure assignments are reported here.     

分散液-液微萃取在有机化合物和金属离子分析中的应用进展

综述了分散液-液微萃取的基本原理和萃取过程,介绍了萃取剂、分散剂、螯合剂的浓度、萃取时间、pH值、盐效应、共存离子等因素对萃取效果的影响,评述了分散液-液微萃取技术在有机化合物和痕量金属离子分析中的应用情况,引用文献42篇。     

微波辅助制备螯合纤维及其对汞的吸附性能

在微波辅助下,以聚丙烯腈纤维(PANF)为基体材料,二乙烯三胺(DETA)和硫化钠为改性试剂,通过两步接枝反应快速制备了含有大量硫原子的螯合纤维吸附剂。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)和热重分析仪(TGA)对改性前后的纤维进行表征,同时考察了pH值、初始浓度、吸附时间和温度对螯合纤维吸附汞离子的影响。结果表明,微波辅助是一种高效、节能、经济和绿色的改性方法,改性过程在无毒的水环境中进行,试剂用量少,且改性时间大大缩短。改性纤维对汞离子的吸附是一个准二级动力学过程,较好的符合Langmuir吸附模型。在pH=7的条件下,螯合纤维对汞离子的最大吸附容量达到333.1mg/g,是一种有效的去除水中汞污染的吸附材料。     

Chelating agent effects in the synthesis of mesoscopic-size superconducting particles

Several routes and procedures have been used in these last years as an effort to achieve single-phase mesoscopic-size superconducting samples. In this paper, the effects of using citric acid (CA), tartaric acid (TA) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as chelating agents and ethylene-glycol (EG) as polyhydroxy alcohol were studied in order to establish conditions to avoid the occurrence of BaCO₃ undesirable secondary phase in YBa₂Cu₃O_7−δ (YBCO). Thermal evolution of intermediate compounds formed during the calcinations process by the use of different chelating agents was traced using thermogravimetric and spectroscopic methods. The obtained results indicated that the polymer breakdown of samples prepared using EDTA occurs at higher temperatures than others chelating agents and also reduces the occurrence of BaCO₃ secondary phase as studied by X-ray diffraction measurements. Furthermore, the magnetic response of the mesoscopic-size YBCO specimens obtained was verified showing that samples present different superconducting response.     

螯合剂与牛血清白蛋白竞争镉作用的研究

研究了十一种螯合剂使结合在牛血清白蛋白(BSA)上的镉活动化的能力。由凝胶色谱法测得的F值将螯合剂活动镉的能力排成以下顺序:DTP>EDTA>EGTA>NTA>TRIEN>;PEN>CYS>HIS>SA氨羧络合剂型配体能有效地与BSA竞争,而且它们的lgF与lgK_CdL间有一线性关系。     

Extraction of Heavy Metals from Solid Material by Supercritical CO2

Extraction of heavy metal ions from solid matrix by means of an incorporation of chelating agents with supercritical carbon dioxide(scCO2) was investigated experimentally. Four commercially available chelating agents, diethylammonium diethyldithiocarbamate(Et2NH2DDC), trifluoroacetylacetone(TFA), hexafluoroacetylacetone(HFA) and thenoyltrifluoroacetone(TTA) were tested. The extraction experiments were conducted at 50 °C and 1.39×107― 2.80×107 Pa. According to the experimental results, for the extraction of Cu2+, all the chelating agents investigated here are effective. For other metal ions, such as Pb2+, Ni2+ and Cd2+, Et2NH2DDC exhibited a better extraction result, while other chelating agents were less effective. This investigation is expected to provide a tentative evaluation on the scCO2-based metal extraction from solid media.