甲壳素和壳聚糖在伤口敷料中的应用

天然高分子甲壳素和壳聚糖以其良好的生物相容性、生物可降解性、无毒、止血、止痛、抗菌、促进伤口愈合并减少疤痕等优点,在伤口敷料方面的研究正在引起人们的重视。本文对甲壳素和壳聚糖适于作为伤口敷料的优异性能从机理上进行了讨论,并介绍了通过甲壳素、壳聚糖及其衍生物制备性能优异的伤口敷料的研究进展。     

壳聚糖基抗菌型创伤敷料的研究进展

近年来,随着再生医学的快速发展,组织工程技术再造人体组织器官被广泛的关注和研究。其中对加速创伤修复的敷料材料设计非常重要,其结构性质严重影响了再生组织的形态和效果。天然高分子壳聚糖具有广谱抗菌、强效止血作用,无毒性降解物,具有良好的生物相容性、生物活性和生物可降解性良好,能够有效地促进创面愈合和组织修复再生,在生物医用敷料领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文主要综述近年来壳聚糖基创伤敷料设计成型方法,并讨论不同的成型工艺及负载不同抗菌剂的敷料性能及用途差异。以期能够为设计和开发新型壳聚糖基抗菌型创伤敷料材料提供重要参考。     

外敷用高分子材料研究进展

皮肤受损后需要立即使用外敷材料,从而加速止血、保护创面、防止细菌感染,并促进创面愈合。本文在介绍伤口的分类和敷料的选择的基础上,就典型的敷料制备、干燥和成型技术,以及目前常见的外敷材料药物负载方法进行了概述。其次,重点阐述了天然高分子和合成高分子外敷材料的最新研究进展。其中天然高分子因其生物相容性好、生物可降解等特点,常用于治疗烧伤、创伤引起的皮肤和组织缺损。而合成高分子优点为:具有很长的保质期、较强的机械性能和较低的炎症反应,几乎没有携带病菌并传播的风险。目前,改性天然高分子、合成高分子及其复合材料已经在生物医药、材料学领域受到越来越多的关注。纳米技术和药物控释技术的发展,将会大大推动外敷材料的研究开发并拓宽其应用领域。     

仿生天然高分子水凝胶在医用材料方面的应用

天然高分子水凝胶具有高度水合的三维网络结构,显示出独特的粘附性,能有效地控制出血,减少二次感染,且生物相容性和生物降解性好,是一种理想的医用粘合剂材料。近年来,鉴于目前医用粘合剂研发制备中对水下湿粘性以及生物降解性能等要求越来越严格,具有耐水粘附性、生物安全性和形状可控性的新型粘附材料成为研究的热点和难点。自然界生物对各种基质的粘附性主要取决于其组成或结构,利用天然高分子水凝胶材料进行仿生,可以使其兼具优异的组织粘附性、止血抑菌性和形状可控性等特性,是解决上述问题的有效策略。本文概述了两种类型的仿生天然高分子水凝胶材料粘附机制,针对性地讨论了贻贝、藤壶、牡蛎的组成特性和咸水鱼、细胞外基质(extracellular matrix)的结构特点以及粘附机理,并介绍了相应仿生天然高分子水凝胶材料在组织愈合、伤口止血及药物递送方面的研究进展。最后,对仿生天然高分子水凝胶在未来的发展方向进行展望并为其提供相应的建议。     

壳聚糖创伤敷料膜的研究与应用进展

壳聚糖作为广泛存在于天然界中的天然高分子聚合物甲壳素的脱乙酰化产物,不仅具有良好的生物相容性、生物降解性、低毒性、成膜性等性质,还具有止痛止血、抗菌消炎、缓释药物等生物活性.壳聚糖及其衍生物已被广泛应用于医药领域,并逐渐成为制备皮肤创伤敷料膜的首选材料.本文结合壳聚糖的结构特征,以及用于治疗皮肤创伤的相关性能,综述了利用壳聚糖及其衍生物制备性能优异的皮肤创伤敷料膜的研究进展,并在此基础上对其应用前景做出了展望.     

具有环境响应性的纤维素基水凝胶

随着对可再生资源开发利用的逐渐重视,基于纤维素环境响应型水凝胶结构设计及其响应性能的研究备受关注.环境响应纤维素基水凝胶不仅具有良好的生物相容性和生物可降解性,还表现出对环境因素特定的检出识别能力及明显响应性,拓展了水凝胶材料在生物医用、仿生智能材料等领域的应用.本综述首先从环境响应型纤维素水凝胶材料的结构设计出发,以交联方式分类简要介绍了纤维素基水凝胶的合成方法,具体包括物理交联、化学交联和其他交联方式等.接着,从水凝胶功能性入手,重点介绍了以一种或多种化学信号、物理信号为刺激源响应的纤维素基水凝胶材料;并以药物载体、形状记忆材料和伤口敷料等方面研究成果为例,阐述了环境响应型纤维素基水凝胶的相关应用,以及其在智能软体机器人和环保生物传感器等领域的巨大应用潜力.     

壳聚糖/海藻酸盐作为新型止血材料的研究进展

有效止血是减轻患者痛苦,降低死亡率的关键,止血材料必须具备良好的止血性、生物相容性、可生物降解、无毒副作用等优点。天然海洋多糖高分子化合物壳聚糖、海藻酸盐作为性能卓越的生物材料已广泛的应用在医学领域。尤其是它们具有良好的生物相容性、生物可降解性、突出的止血效果和抗菌性等特性,对于伤口的愈合有促进作用,是极好的止血材料。本文主要针对这两种海洋高分子化合物作为止血材料的研究进展进行了综述,并对今后的研究重点进行展望。     

生物多糖进行医用高分子材料表面修饰的研究进展

综述了国内外应用生物多糖进行医用高分子材料表面修饰的研究状况,其中重点介绍了葡聚糖、肝素及类肝素类物质、壳聚糖等多糖在高分子材料表面修饰的研究近况.多糖是自然界中含量最为丰富的生物大分子,几乎存在于所有的生命体中,具有很好的生物相容性,而且某些生物多糖还具有特殊的生物活性,因此用生物多糖进行医用高分子材料的表面修饰受到了国内外研究学者的关注.大量研究表明,经过生物多糖表面修饰的高分子材料可获得良好的生物相容性和某些优良的医学应用性能.     

生物特异性功能高分子

模仿天然生物活性高分子关键作用点的化学组成，在高分子链上接上各种官能团或化学残基，制备具有与该天然高分子相似生物活性的高分子，即生物特异性功能高分子。本文主要介绍拟肝素高分子和似粘连 蛋白高分子两种生物特异性功能高分子。     

基于天然高分子的导电材料制备及其在柔性传感器件中的应用

天然高分子材料具有来源广泛、化学成分多样、生物相容性和生物降解性良好等优势,是一类绿色可持续再生资源.近年来,基于天然高分子的绿色柔性传感器件研究受到了国内外学者的广泛关注,并取得了长足的进展.本文以天然高分子导电材料为主线,总结了基于天然高分子制备导电材料的模板法和掺杂法.模板法直接以天然高分子材料的天然骨架结构作为基质,而掺杂法以天然高分子材料处理后的产物或衍生物作为基质.归纳了基于天然高分子的柔性导电材料在湿度、温度、应变、气流/气体、光、生物传感器件中应用的研究进展,最后展望了基于天然高分子的柔性导电材料在设计和组装柔性传感器方面的前景,为高效发展绿色柔性电子和天然高分子材料的高值化利用提供新思路.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.