超高效凝胶色谱法测定聚乙二醇衍生物的分子量及其分布

采用超高效聚合物色谱(APC)技术,以单甲氧基聚乙二醇丙醛(m PEG_p ALD)为代表,测定了聚乙二醇衍生物的相对分子质量及其分布和杂质含量,优选了色谱柱和流动相,考察了样品质量浓度变化以及溶解时间等对测定结果的影响。优化后3根超高效凝胶色谱柱串联,在柱温40℃,流动相95%甲醇,流速0.5m L/min,示差折光检测条件下,对m PEG_p ALD的分子量及其分布进行测定,同时得到杂质的相对含量。结果测得m PEG_p ALD主成分的重均分子量(Mw)为19 444,分布指数(D)为1.01;杂质1的Mw为38 703,D为1.01,含量为1.31%;杂质2的Mw为61 036,D为1.00,含量为0.70%。与常规凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)相比,该方法分辨率高,分析速度快,能快速测定m PEG_p ALD的相对分子量及其分布,并能得到其纯度和杂质含量,为其工艺研发、质量控制提供了科学的依据,同时也可用于其它PEG衍生物的相对分子量及其分布和纯度的测定。     

木质素基高效减水剂GCL1-JB的分子量测定

分别采用静态光散射法(SLS)和凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)测定了木质素基高效减水剂GCL1-JB的分子量(Mw).由于GCL1-JB直接溶于水中存在聚电解质效应和聚集现象,SLS法测得的分子量(Mw,SLS)远大于GPC测得的分子量(Mw,GPC).为了通过SLS测得GCL1-JB的真实Mw,在GCL1-JB溶液中加入NaCl来屏蔽GCL1-JB的聚电解质效应,并采用0.45μm的微孔滤膜滤除GCL1-JB聚集体.GCL1-JB的动态光散射测试中存在2个扩散峰:快模式峰和慢模式峰.快模式峰对应GCL1-JB的单分子行为,而慢模式峰对应GCL1-JB的聚电解质效应和GCL1-JB聚集体.GCL1-JB动态光散射的慢模式峰随着NaCl的不断加入和进一步的过滤处理而逐渐减弱.当NaCl在溶液中的浓度达到0.1 mol/L,动态光散射的慢模式峰完全消失.在没有慢模式峰存在的条件下利用SLS测得GCL1-JB的绝对分子量为121300,这个分子量被认为是GCL1-JB单分子的真实分子量.然而该条件下SLS法测得的Mw,SLS仍然比GPC法测得的Mw,GPC大,这是由于GCL1-JB与GPC标样NaPSS的构象差异引起的.GCL1-JB的分子构象比NaPSS的更卷曲,所以用NaPSS作为GPC标样得到Mw,GPC比GCL1-JB的真实分子量小.本研究提出了一种利用SLS准确测量GCL1-JB的Mw的方法,对存在聚电解质效应和聚集现象的木质素及其衍生产物的绝对分子量测定具有普遍的借鉴意义.     

PEO分子量对POM/PEO晶/晶共混物溶液结晶的影响

以六氟异丙醇(HFIP)为聚甲醛(POM)与聚氧化乙烯(PEO)的共溶剂,通过溶液结晶研究了PEO分子量对POM/PEO 50/50晶/晶共混物结晶行为及结晶形态的影响。结果表明,PEO分子量越小,POM与PEO在结晶过程中相互干扰越大。当PEO分子量为4×103时,共混物中POM形成部分不完善晶体,出现明显的熔融双峰。SEM结果表明:含不同分子量PEO的共混晶体均无明显相分离,且低分子量PEO的共混物更易形成规整球晶,认为通过溶液结晶,POM/PEO 50/50共混物中POM与PEO形成了晶体相互穿插的结晶结构。     

凝胶渗透色谱法测定聚丙烯腈共聚物分子量中宽分布校正法的应用

应用宽分布校正法对凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)进行了校正，将校正曲线用于聚丙烯腈(PAN)共聚物分子量的计算。对扣除色谱峰扩展效应前后的测试结果与乌氏粘度法测得的数据进行比较。结果表明，应用宽分布校正法时，必须扣除色谱峰扩展效应，才能得到较为准确的测试结果。     

随星形聚氧化乙烯的分子拓扑形状演变的单层片晶图案

以不同臂(Arm)数的星形聚氧化乙烯(PEO)为对象,系统地研究了其在不同温度下结晶的晶体冰花图案.实验中采用的星形PEO样品,其臂数分别为3,4和8(3-arm-PEO,4-arm-PEO和8-arm-PEO)且每臂的分子量均为5000,线形PEO其分子量为5000.显然,随着星形PEO分子臂数的增加,分子拓扑形状的各向异性不断减小.在单层片晶冰花图案研究中发现,随着结晶温度逐渐向平衡熔点靠近,这些PEO样品的结晶冰花图案具有从树枝状晶体转变为海藻状晶体,然后转变为非规整的紧凑形晶体,最后变成多面晶体的变化规律.对细节的分析进一步表明,随着星形PEO分子臂数的增加,由于分子的各向异性减小,导致冰花状晶体的各向异性程度不断减弱,因此从树枝状晶体到海藻状晶体和从树枝状晶体到多面晶体的转变温度也都逐渐降低.将这些转变温度对臂数作图获得的一张形态相图(morphology diagram)说明了星形PEO结晶图案的分子形状依赖性,也阐明了冰花图案形成的大分子拓扑形状效应.     

驱油用聚丙烯酰胺分子量测试的光散射研究

利用旋转流变仪分析了超高分子量部分水解聚丙烯酰胺溶液的流变性质,并根据光散射动态模式分析了其在不同浓度和不同盐离子浓度下的尺寸分布.建立了利用多角度激光光散射准确测量驱油用超高分子量聚丙烯酰胺重均分子量(Mw)、均方根回转半径()和第二位力系数值(A2)的方法.准确测量了商品化驱油用超高分子量聚丙烯酰胺FP3630S的这3个参数,分别为Mw=(1.33±0.06)×107,     

聚β-羟基丁酸酯/聚氧化乙烯共混体系力学性能研究

本文详细研究了可完全生物降解的聚 β 羟基丁酸酯 (PHB)与水溶性聚氧化乙烯 (PEO)两元共混体系的拉伸力学性能 .讨论了PEO分子量、共混组成及热处理条件对共混体系力学性能的影响 .其中 ,PHB与超高分子量PEO(重均分子量 5× 10 6)共混 ,两组分力学上具有相容性 ,共混物的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率及模量都有明显的正的协同效应 .共混改性效果显著PHB的力学性能得到很大改善 ,尤其PHB的脆性缺陷 .并且 ,共混物在经过适当温度退火处理之后 ,共混物性能还可进一步改善     

聚癸二酸酐-聚乙二醇共聚物的制备与性能研究

研究了高真空熔融缩聚法制备聚癸二酸酐-聚乙二醇(PSA-PEG)共聚物,采用红外光谱(FTIR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)对制备出来的PSA-PEG共聚物进行了结构表征,并进行了共聚物性能的测定.将癸二酸预聚物与不同分子量的PEG共聚,研究了聚合物结构组成与性能之间的关系,并通过改进实验方法,得到分子量分布较窄的共聚物(PDI:1.10),使制备出的PSA-PEG6000共聚物数均分子量Mn由原来的7291增加到12281.     

聚γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷的合成与表征

采用双金属氰化络合物催化剂(DMC)催化γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH560)开环聚合,合成出结构规整的均聚产物PKH560.通过FTIR2、9Si-NMR1、H-NMR对聚合物的结构进行表征.结果表明,以DMC为催化剂,可以实现KH560的开环聚合,合成出分子量较大的目标产物PKH560.凝胶渗透色谱与多角度激光联用仪(GPC/MALLS)测得该聚合物PKH560的数均分子量大于1×104,分子量分布介于1.10与1.35之间;分析不同聚合时间PKH560的数均分子量与单体转化率之间的关系可知,聚合物的数均分子量Mn与单体转化率呈线性增长关系,聚合物的分子量分布较窄(Mw/Mn=1.10~1.35),表明该聚合反应具有活性聚合的特征.     

不同氨基酸直接改性聚乳酸的性能研究

分别以甘氨酸(Gly)和L-天冬氨酸(Asp)与L-乳酸(L-LA)直接熔融共聚制备改性聚乳酸(PLA),所得两种共聚物聚(乳酸-甘氨酸)[P(LA-co-Gly)]和聚(乳酸-天冬氨酸)[P(LA-co-Asp)]进行了表征。对P(LA-co-Gly),不同投料比时共聚物重均分子量(Mw)和分散度(Mw/Mn)随Gly投料量的增加而变小。与双官能团Gly直接改性的PLA相比,多官能团Asp直接改性的PLA具有一定的支链结构,分散度(Mw/Mn)二者接近或P(LA-co-Asp)的更高,但两种共聚物的Tg均比PLA的要大,亲水性有所提高。同时,所得共聚物均呈无定形态,且Mw都在2400到5600之间,能满足药物缓释对聚乳酸类高分子材料分子量的要求。     

The Synthesis of Poly(ethylene oxide)-Block-Polybutylacrylate

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Fabrication and anti-fouling properties of photochemically and thermally immobilized poly(ethylene oxide) and low molecular weight poly(ethylene glycol) thin films

Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and low molecular weight poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) were covalently immobilized on silicon wafers and gold films by way of the CH insertion reaction of perfluorophenyl azides (PFPAs) by either photolysis or thermolysis. The immobilization does not require chemical derivatization of PEO or PEG, and polymers of different molecular weights were successfully attached to the substrate to give uniform films. Microarrays were also generated by printing polymer solutions on PFPA-functionalized wafer or Au slides followed by light activation. For low molecular weight PEG, the immobilization was highly dependent on the quality of the film deposited on the substrate. While the spin-coated and printed PEG showed poor immobilization efficiency, thermal treatment of the PEG melt on PFPA-functionalized surfaces resulted in excellent film quality, giving, for example, a grafting density of 9.2×10(-4)?(-2) and an average distance between grafted chains of 33? for PEG 20,000. The anti-fouling property of the films was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy and surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi). Low protein adsorption was observed on thermally-immobilized PEG whereas the photoimmobilized PEG showed increased protein adsorption. In addition, protein arrays were created using polystyrene (PS) and PEG based on the differential protein adsorption of the two polymers.     

逆流法对凝胶色谱峰加宽效应的研究

在以无孔玻璃珠为填料的色谱柱上研究了流动相中的分离能力和峰加宽效应。得到一定的分离能力。根据Kelley和Billmeyer描述流动相中峰加宽效应的理论,塔板高度和溶液的分子量有关而和分子量分布无关。但实验表明,对于具有相同分子量,但分子量分布不同的样品峰宽不同。苯的逆流峰加宽因子h稍大于直流峰加宽因子h′。产生这个差别的原因可以用在逆转过程中流速场受到干扰来解释。 在以多孔硅胶为填料的柱中对一系列不同分子量、分子量分布和化学结构的样品考察了逆流峰加宽因子,h,和淋出体积,Ve,之间的关系。实验表明h和Ve之间的关系具有普适性,这个结果和Tung的一致。在多孔填料柱上对苯同样得到h>h′。这个结果意味着用逆流法得到的h来校正GPC体系造成的峰加宽稍嫌不够。 只有对于分子量分布很窄的样品,其逆流淋出曲线的形状才非常接近高斯分布。     

The Spectrophotometric Investigation of Nonionic Polymer Adsorption (Polyethylene Glycol (PEG), Polyethylene Oxide (PEO) and Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)) Influence on the Alumina Suspension Stability – Effects of Polymer Type,its Molecular Weight and Solution pH

The effect of nonionic polymer adsorption on the stability of alumina (Al₂O₃) in the pH range 3–9 was examined. The influences of polymer type and its molecular weight, as well as solution pH, were studied. The following macromolecular substances were used: polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyethylene oxide (PEO) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The spectrophotometry method was applied to obtain the stability curves (dependence of suspension absorbance vs. time). The obtained results indicate that the addition of the polymer influences alumina suspension stability. The addition of the polymer at pH 3 improves the stability conditions of investigated systems. At pH = 6 the decrease of Al₂O₃ suspension stability (except PEG 2 000) was obtained. On the other hand, at pH 9 the presence of polymer improves the stability properties of the alumina. The higher the molecular weight of the polymer, the more pronounced effects were observed. Moreover, adsorption of polyvinyl alcohol whose macromolecules contain ionizable acetate groups causes greater changes in alumina suspension stability in comparison to the systems containing polyethylene glycol and polyethylene oxide.     

聚乳酸/聚氧化乙烯共混体系的热行为和力学性能及流变行为

采用熔融共混方法制备了聚乳酸与聚氧化乙烯的共混物.细致研究了重均分子量分别为2 kDa、10kDa1、00 kDa和600 kDa的聚氧化乙烯对聚乳酸的改性效果,并使用DSC、DMA及旋转流变仪等分析了共混物的相容性、热行为、力学性能和流变行为.结果表明,在聚氧化乙烯的组分含量不超过20 wt%的前提下,共混体系保持为完全相容体系,当聚氧化乙烯的分子量超过10 kDa时,其对聚乳酸的增塑效果,不随分子量增加而降低;增加聚氧化乙烯的分子量,可以提高材料的弹性模量和熔体强度.     

Adsorption of poly(ethylene oxide) at the air/water interface: a dynamic and static surface tension study

The adsorption of polyethylene oxide (PEO) homologues in a wide range of molecular weight (from M(PEO)=200 to 10(6)) at the air/aqueous solution interface was investigated by dynamic and static surface tension measurements. An approximate estimate for the lower limit of PEO concentration was given at which reliable equilibrium surface tension can be determined from static surface tension measurements. It was shown that the observed jump in the earlier published sigma-lg(c(PEO)) curves is attributable to the nonequilibrium surface tension values at low PEO concentrations. The adsorption behavior of short chain PEO molecules (M(PEO)1000) is similar to that of the ordinary surfactants. The estimated standard free energy of PEO adsorption, DeltaG(0), increases linearly with the PEO molecular weight until M(PEO)=1000. In this molecular weight range, DeltaG(0) was found to be approximately the fifth of the hydrophobic driving force related to the adsorption of a surfactant with the same number of methylene groups. In the case of the longer chain PEOs the driving force of adsorption is so high that the adsorption isotherm is near saturation in the experimentally available polymer concentration range. Above a critical molecular weight the PEO adsorption reveals universal features, e.g., the surface tension and the surface density of segments do not depend on the polymer molecular weight.     

Size-exclusion chromatography using deuterated mobile phases

The effect of deuterated solvents in size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) was studied by comparing intrinsic viscosity measurements, SEC calibration curves, and column efficiency using water-soluble polymers. For aqueous SEC, the use of deuterium oxide slightly increases the SEC elution volume. To verify that adsorption onto the packing was absent, data from exclusion experiments were compared at 35 and 50 degrees C. Our results indicate that adsorption is not occurring for pullulan or polyethylene glycol (PEG)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO); for the latter, however, the elution volume increased using both D2O and H2O, indicative of slight hydrodynamic volume contraction of PEG/PEO at higher temperatures. A moderate increase in band broadening (moderate decrease in column efficiency) was observed using D2O. Finally, the effects of chloroform versus deuterated chloroform were evaluated, but no hydrodynamic volume changes were observed.     

Effect of Chain Length of Polyethylene Glycol and Crosslink Density (NCO/OH) on Properties of Castor Oil Based Polyurethane Elastomers

The equilibrium swelling study of polyurethanes (PU) was carried out in various solvents in order to calculate their solubility parameter. The kinetics of swelling and sorption have also been studied in 1,4‐dioxane at 30°C. The PU was synthesized by reacting a novel polyol (castor oil derivative and epoxy based resin, EpxR) and one of the polyethylene glycols (PEG 200, PEG 400, PEG 600) with different weight compositions, with a toluene diisocyanate (TDI) adduct (derived from toluene diisocyanate and R60 polyol). Different NCO/OH ratio viz. 1, 1.3 and 1.7 were employed in the study. The results were found to vary with the weight composition of polyol components, as well as the crosslink density of the samples. The sorption behavior is also found to vary with the molecular weight of polyethylene glycol employed in the preparations of the polyurethanes. Kinetic studies of swelling revealed that the sorption is anomalous in nature. The diffusion coefficient (D) increased with an increase in the NCO/OH ratio and decreased with an increase in chain length of polyethylene glycol. The sorption coefficient (S) decreased with an increase in crosslink density (NCO/OH) and increased with increasing polyethylene glycol (i.e., PEG 200, PEG 400, and PEG 600) moieties in the polyurethanes. The molecular weight between two crosslink points was calculated using the Flory Rehner equation (24), and hence, the number of chains per unit volume (N) and degree of crosslinking (ν) in all the samples were determined.     

聚乙二醇分子量对成纤共聚酯结晶速度的影响

<正> 以聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)为主体添加聚乙二醇(PEG)的共聚物以及以聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯为主体添加含有磺酸盐基团的共聚组分和聚乙二醇的共聚物是两类重要的成纤共聚醚酯,前者(简称为PEE-1)制成的纤维可用分散染料常压沸染,后者(简称为PEE-2)制成的纤维则可用阳离子染料进行染色。     

Thermal characterization of polyethylene glycols applied in the pharmaceutical technology using differential scanning calorimetry and hot stage microscopy

In the present study, the effect of the molecular weight and thermal treatments on commercial polyethylene glycols (PEG) samples used in the pharmaceutical processing technology, has been analyzed using DSC and HSM. The molecular weight of these polymers range from 1500 to 200000. Thermal investigations on the melting behavior of original PEG samples (as received from the manufacturer) showed only one single melting DSC endotherm effect before 373 K. This fact was associated to the presence of only one type of polymeric chain. Using standard conditions, PEG samples were solidified from the melt at 373 K, either by flash cooling (using liquid nitrogen and an ice bath) and by slow cooling, soaked and by slow cooling at room temperature. They were further studied by DSC. It was found that after cooling, PEG with molecular weight 1500 and 15000 showed DSC thermograms with a single endothermic peak. However, thermograms for PEG 4000 and 6000 produced a splitted melting endotherm. This fact was attributed to the presence of two types of chains, that are the folded and extended chains.Ageing time influences also the shape of the DSC endothermal effects. It was concluded that the endotherms obtained after heating these PEG indicate that the thermal history determine the structure (extended or folded chain type forms) and the degree of crystallinity, as evidenced by changes in heat of fusion values, melting points and structures after crystallization. The relationships between melting enthalpies and melting points, as deduced from DSC diagrams, with molecular weight of the polymers are also presented.