气相色谱直接进样法分析环已烷氧化废液中的有机酸

环已烷氧化放心液经酸化、抽滤等预处理后，采用气相色谱直接进样法分离了样品中的10种有机酸，并测定了其含量。测定废液中各有机酸的回收率在95%-105%之间。气相色谱固定的相为5%新戊二醇已二酸酯 0.2%磷酸/101酸洗白色担体。     

药厂废液中有机酸的分离分析

利用减压蒸溜法分离废液中的低沸点有机酸,结合红外光谱、气相色谱、质谱,确定了废液中以乙酸、丙酸为主的10种有机酸的结构,其含量占分析废液的2.64%。其中丙酸含量最高,其次为乙酸。同时被检测到的还有乙醇,乙醛等。另外通过柱层析分离高级脂肪酸,并进行衍生化处理,经GC、GC-MS检测,确定了四种高沸点有机酸的结构,含量为1.71%。9,12-十八二烯酸含量相对较高。因此有机酸占废液总量的质量分数为4.35%。     

固相萃取富集/气相色谱法测定烟草中的9种有机酸

建立了用硫酸甲醇甲酯化衍生-固相萃取富集/气相色谱测定烟草中9种有机酸的方法,首次实现了强酸介质中有机酸酯的固相萃取。烟草样品用硫酸-甲醇进行甲酯化衍生,衍生生成的有机酸酯用MCIGEL反相树脂分离富集,萃取液用甲醇洗脱后进行气相色谱分析,采用DB-5毛细管色谱柱,进样量1.0μL,不分流进样;检测器温度250℃。方法可同时准确测定烟草样品中乳酸、草酸、丙二酸、乙酰丙酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、亚油酸的含量,各有机酸的加标回收率为92.2%~102.6%,相对标准偏差为2.4%~3.2%,定量下限为0.20~0.36 mg/L。该方法准确、灵敏度高,能够满足实际样品的测定要求。     

尿中有机酸类代谢物的气相色谱-质谱分析

〕本文研究了一种尿中有机酸代谢物的气相色谱-质谱的分析方法。包括用葡聚糖凝胶阴离子交换树脂柱色谱的尿中有机酸预分离,冷冻干燥和硅烷化衍生,以及毛细管气相色谱分析,得到了139个尿有机酸衍生物色谱峰,经保留指数和GC/MS定性,已确定了50多种有机酸的结构。并采用内标方法测定了尿中18种有机酸的含量。     

气相色谱法测定电子烟烟液中烟酮的含量

取电子烟烟液0.500 0g,加入乙醇5mL制成待测溶液,用气相色谱法测定其中烟酮的含量。首先用气相色谱-质谱法确定标准品中烟酮的5个同分异构体目标峰的保留时间,然后通过对标准品溶液及样品溶液的色谱峰面积比计算烟酮在烟液中的含量。在气相色谱及气相色谱-质谱分析,选用了相同型号的非极性色谱柱HP-INNOWAX毛细管柱,以空白电子烟液为基体,在5个浓度水平上加入烟酮标准溶液,按气相色谱法进行测定。测得平均回收率在91.3%~92.4%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在0.70%~0.94%之间。     

蜂蜜中氟胺氰菊酯残留量的测定

蜂蜜样品经过碱解、溶剂提取、固相萃取净化处理后 ,用配有双柱双电子捕获检测器的气相色谱仪测定其中氟胺氰菊酯的残留量。利用气相色谱 -质谱联用仪验证了氟胺氰菊酯的两个旋光异构体的存在。通过 0 .0 1、0 .1和 0 .2mg/kg 3个水平的添加实验 ,在HP - 5 0 + 和HP - 1色谱柱上测定 ,回收率分别为 86 .3% 95 .37%、82 .83% 91.4 % ,检出限分别为 0 .0 0 7、0 .0 0 3mg/kg ,RSD <5 % (n =3)。     

柱前衍生-气相色谱法同时测定功能食品中8种有机酸

建立了功能食品中8种有机酸同时测定的方法。样品中的有机酸(乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、草酸、乳酸、丙二酸、丁二酸、柠檬酸)经体积分数15%的硫酸甲醇提取酯化,三氯甲烷萃取,最后用气相色谱法测定。色谱条件:SPB-5毛细管柱(30 m×0.53 mm×0.5μm)为分离柱,火焰离子化检测器检测,进样口温度为250℃,检测器温度为300℃,程序升温。载气(N2)流速为0.8 mL/min,分流比为10:1,富马酸二甲酯内标法定量。8种有机酸衍生物达到基线分离,检测限范围为0.01~0.04 mg/L,精密度(RSD)范围为2.4%~5.5%,平均回收率范围为79.5%~106%。方法适合于功能食品中8种有机酸的快速测定。     

固相萃取-离子色谱/气相色谱-质谱法联合检测油田水中的有机酸和酚类化合物

建立了固相萃取-离子色谱(IC)/气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联合检测高矿化度油田水中低相对分子质量的有机酸和酚类化合物的方法。在中性pH条件下,样品经Waters Oasis HLB柱萃取后,萃取液经稀释、Ag2O沉淀和Ag-H柱处理除去大部分氯离子,再用IC测定有机酸;将萃取柱真空冷冻干燥,然后经甲基叔丁基醚/甲醇(9:1, v/v)脱附并用无水硫酸钠除水,再用GC-MS检测酚类化合物。在优化的实验条件下,4种低相对分子质量的有机酸以及5种酚类化合物的平均加标回收率达到80%以上,相对标准偏差(RSD, n=6)为2.38%～9.45%,定量限均低于88.9 μg/L。该方法测定结果准确可靠,适用于氯离子含量高达150 g/L左右水样中低相对分子质量的有机酸和酚类化合物的检测。     

液晶中间体对-烷基苯甲酸的高效液相色谱测定

1　引　　言对 烷基苯甲酸在精细化工行业中有着广泛的用途 ,尤其作为液晶材料的中间体 ,对其分析测定的灵敏度和准确度显得尤为重要。气相色谱 (GC)测定有机酸时 ,常因沸点较高 ,不易汽化需要对其衍生化再进行测定。由于有机酸反应不易定量进行 ,而直接影响测定结果的准确性。高效液相色谱测定有机酸比GC法简便 ,在测定芳香族羧酸和多元酸更是如此。对烷基苯甲酸一端为烷基 ,一端为羧基 ,考虑其分子极性的特点 ,因而采用高效液相色谱 (HPLC)测定。对于同系物而言 ,由于化合物结构上的相似 ,其色谱保留值呈现出一定的规律性 ,可以依此…     

灭多威和马拉硫磷复配制剂的气相色谱分析方法

采用气相色谱法 ,在 5 %SE 3 0ChromosorbWAW DMCS (60～ 80目 )色谱柱上 ,测定灭·马乳油中灭多威和马拉硫磷的含量。其相对标准偏差分别为 0 .1 4% ,0 .2 8% ;回收率分别为99.7% ,97.0 %。方法用于产品质量检测 ,结果满意     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.