阴离子聚丙烯酰胺/三乙醇胺超分子体系的表征及性能

研究了水溶液和模拟矿化水溶液中带有负电荷的磺化聚丙烯酰胺(SPAM)与三乙醇胺(TEA)之间的相互作用及形成的超分子体系的结构特征,考察了超分子体系的形成对SPAM形貌、流体力学直径、zeta电位、黏度及流变学性质的影响.研究结果表明,超分子体系的形成有利于提高磺化聚丙烯酰胺的黏度、抗剪切性、剪切回复性及抗温耐盐性.     

耐温抗盐驱油聚合物溶液黏弹性

对3种不同结构类型的耐温抗盐驱油聚合物〔高分子量聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)、磺化聚丙烯酰胺(S-HPAM)和疏水缔合聚丙烯酰胺(A-HPAM)〕的溶液黏弹性能进行了研究。在温度85℃下,通过稳态剪切和动态剪切试验,考察了质量浓度和矿化度对聚合物溶液黏弹性的影响。结果表明,随剪切速率增加,溶液表观黏度逐渐降低。质量浓度越高,溶液的储能模量(G')和损耗模量(G″)越大。由动态剪切实验数据,计算得到第一法向应力差(N1)。随质量浓度增加,聚合物溶液的N1逐渐增大;随矿化度增加,聚合物溶液的N1出现不同盐敏感区域,说明不同结构类型的驱油聚合物溶液对矿化度的弹性响应不同。研究结果为高温高盐油藏聚合物驱剂的选择及开发提供了理论参考。     

交联聚丙烯酰胺微球的形状与大小及封堵特性研究

采用流变、扫描电镜(SEM)、动态光散射(DLS)、核孔膜过滤和填充砂管驱替实验,研究了纳米级水溶胀交联聚丙烯酰胺微球的性能.结果表明,在一定的剪切速率范围内,微球浓度为100～900 mg/L的分散体系的黏度随剪切速率增加而增大,表现出较明显的剪切增稠的胀流体特性,微球浓度为50 mg/L的分散体系的黏度随着剪切速率...     

聚丙烯酰胺类疏水缔合物的增黏因素研究

合成了6种不同修饰度的聚丙烯酰胺疏水聚合物(PAM1~PAM6), 考察了聚合度、 共聚物片段含量及疏水基团大小等内部因素和聚合物的抗剪切能力、 剪切恢复性及抗盐性等外部因素对这些疏水聚合物分子间、 分子内缔合的影响规律.     

阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺与阳离子表面活性剂的相互作用

采用自由基水溶液共聚法制备了带有负电荷的水溶性聚丙烯酰胺,研究了水溶液中聚合物与阳离子表面活性剂的相互作用及所导致的水溶性、黏度和流变学性质的变化,为进一步研究驱油提供了理论基础.     

聚丙烯酰胺稀溶液的粘度与剪切速率的关系的研究

聚丙烯酰胺稀溶液的粘度与剪切速率的关系的研究陈九顺，刘忠义，刘波，张艳红（黑龙江大学化学系，哈尔滨，１５００８０）关键词聚丙烯酰胺，部分水解聚丙烯酰胺，粘度，剪切速率水溶性高聚物聚丙烯酰胺（ＰＡＭ）和部分水解聚丙烯酰胺（ＰＨＰ）的水溶液是一种假塑性流...     

油田污水中聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)的降解机理研究

随着聚合物驱油技术在我国油田的大面积推广,含聚丙烯酰胺污水的产量在逐年增加 .聚丙烯酰胺在为油田生产提高原油采收率的同时,也大幅度增加了混合液的粘度和乳化性 ,使油水分离难度加大,造成采出水含油量严重超标.含聚丙烯酰胺污水具有粘度高、油水分离难度大、可生化性差等特点,对环境的负面影响也越来越明显.因此,亟待解决的问题便是部分水解聚丙烯酰胺的降解.本文综述了聚丙烯酰胺化学、生物降解机理,总结了降解聚丙烯酰胺的典型的微生物种群,阐述了生物方法的优势,为油田含聚丙烯酰胺污水的处理研究提供参考.     

水溶性聚合物改性水泥的研究 Ⅱ.水溶性聚合物对水泥水化过程的影响

从聚合物改性水泥的水化速率、水化热及水化生成物三方面讨论了聚合物对水泥水化的影响。水泥溶液ｐＨ 值和电导率及水泥凝结时间的研究结果表明,非离子聚合物聚丙烯酰胺、聚乙烯醇减慢水泥的初期水化,具有缓凝作用,而阴离子聚合物水解聚丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯酸、磺化聚丙烯酰胺及磺化聚苯乙烯则加速水泥的初期水化,具有促凝作用;水化放热测量结果表明,掺加聚合物均滞缓水泥的后期水化;ＸＲＤ 分析表明,ＨＰＡＭ 抑制水泥中晶体的早期生长,有利于晶体后期形成。在水泥中掺加１ ％ ～２ ％ 的ＨＰＡＭ、ＰＡＡ、ＳＰＳ或ＰＶＡ,抗折强度和抗压强度均有明显提高。     

水溶性聚合物改性水泥的研究：Ⅱ.水溶性聚合物对水泥水化过程的 …

从聚合物改性水泥的水化速率，水化热及水化生成物三方面讨论了聚合物对水泥水化的影响。水泥溶液ｐＨ值和电导率及水泥凝结时间的研究结果表明，非离子聚合物聚丙烯酰胺，聚乙烯醇减慢水泥的初期水化，具有缓凝作用，而阴离子聚合物水解聚丙烯酰胺，聚丙烯酸，磺化聚丙烯酰胺及磺化聚苯乙烯则加速水泥的初期水化，具有促凝作用；     

极低剪切速率下聚丙烯酰胺溶液在毛细管中的流变特性 Ⅰ.温度和聚丙烯酰胺浓度对流变性能的影响

流变行为;光学;流变仪;极低剪切速率下聚丙烯酰胺溶液在毛细管中的流变特性 Ⅰ.温度和聚丙烯酰胺浓度对流变性能的影响;屈服应力;流变性能     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.