指示剂置换法识别阴离子的研究进展

指示剂置换法(IDA)是一种简单且逐渐被广泛使用的阴离子识别方法。本文简介了指示剂置换法,综述了近年来采用主要包括比色指示剂置换法(C-IDA)、荧光指示剂置换法(F-IDA)、金属络合物指示剂置换法(M-IDA)、对映选择性指示剂置换法(E-IDA)和新型指示剂置换法(N-IDA)等5种基于指示剂置换法的阴离子识别研究进展。     

GC和HPLC分析北豆根多糖的单糖组成的方法比较

采用GC法和HPLC法对北豆根多糖的单糖组成进行分析比较。采用糖腈乙酸酯衍生化—GC法和1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮(PMP)柱前衍生—HPLC法分别对北豆根多糖的单糖组成进行测定,并评价两种方法的适用性。GC法检测出D-鼠李糖(D-Rha)、D-阿拉伯糖(D-Ara)、D-木糖(D-Xyl)、D-甘露糖(D-Man)、D-葡萄糖(D-Glc)和D-半乳糖(D-Gal);HPLC法检测出D-甘露糖(D-Man)、D-鼠李糖(D-Rha)、D-葡萄糖(D-Glc)、D-阿拉伯糖(D-Ara)、D-半乳糖(D-Gal)、D-木糖(D-Xyl),其中D-阿拉伯糖(D-Ara)和D-半乳糖(D-Gal)的色谱峰重叠。两种方法均检测出6种中性糖组分,对比北豆根多糖的单糖组成分析GC法和HPLC法联用较为适合。     

气相色谱中多种死时间测定方法的比较

由烷烃同系物的保留时间计算死时间的方法有多种,常用的并得到认可的有Grobler-Balizs法(G-B法)、Guaradino法(G法)、Peterson-Hirsch法(P．H法)和Ambms法(A法)等。文献[5]已证明A法和G-B法是同一的。本文是文献[5]的继续,将证明A法、P-H法和G法也是同一的。     

卡马西平在nano-TiO2/[BnMIM] PF6修饰碳糊电极上的电催化氧化及电分析方法

运用循环伏安法(CV)、计时电流法(CA)、计时库仑法(CC)、方波伏安法(SWV)研究了卡马西平(CBZ)在纳米二氧化钛(nano-TiO2)与离子液体1-苄基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([BnMIM]PF6)复合修饰碳糊电极(nano-TiO2-[BnMIM] PF6/CPE )上的电化学行为、电化学动力学性质及电分...     

水中氯化物检测及样品前处理技术研究进展

综述了近年来我国水中氯化物检测及样品前处理技术的研究进展。样品前处理技术包括试剂法和离子交换树脂法;检测方法包括常规化学分析法(容量法和分光光度法)、电分析方法(电位滴定法和电化学法)、离子色谱法、光谱法(原子吸收光谱法和共振光散射光谱法)、连续流动注射法等(引用文献37篇)。     

Schiff碱金属配合物的合成及其抗菌活性研究进展

介绍了Schiff碱金属配合物的直接合成法、分步合成法、模板合成法、逐滴反应法、高度稀释法以及水热合成法等,综述了Ni(II)、 Cu(II)、 Co(II)、 Zr(II)等过渡金属以及Nd(III)、 Sm(III)等稀土金属等形成的Schiff碱金属配合物结构及其对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草杆菌等多种细菌的抑制作用。讨论了Schiff碱金属配合物分子设计和应用中尚存的问题,对于新型抗菌药物的研发有一定的借鉴意义。     

食品中硒检测技术研究进展

对测定食品中微量元素硒的前处理方法(干法、湿法、微波消解法等)和检测方法(原子光谱法、分子光谱法、色谱法、电化学法等)的现状(主要在1990～2010年间发表的文献)及相关的原理和方法的特点之处作了综述(引用文献20篇)。     

矿石及一些希有元素的光谱定量分析方法

目次Ⅰ、绪言Ⅱ、矿石的光谱定量分析法(一)固体分析法(1)粉末法i)冲淡法;ii)增量法;iii)结合化学处理法;iV)可利用的几种技术(空气冷却电极,转动或移动电极)。(2)压片法(二)液体分析法(1)液面打弧法;(2)干燥后打弧激发;(3)喷入光源法;(4)在液体中放电;(5)溶液流入法;(6)熔化后打弧。(三)气体分析法(1)利用带光谱;(2)用低压火花光源。(四)几种有用的技术(1)减除氰带光谱的方法;(2)阴极层效应的利用;(3)特殊形状电极的利用(双电弧、双室电极、物理     

农产品中重金属的检测方法研究进展

综述了农产品中重金属的检测方法如光谱分析法(包括原子吸收光谱法、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法、原子荧光光谱法和X射线荧光光谱法)、色谱分析法、电化学分析法和快速检测方法(包括酶联免疫吸附法、生物传感器法、酶抑制法、试纸和试剂比色法)的研究进展,并对其发展前景进行了展望(引用文献83篇)。     

荧光法测定N-(α-烷苯氧基)十四酰基牛磺酸钠的临界胶束浓度

研究了一类以苯氧基作疏水支链的新型阴离子表面活性剂——N-(α-烷苯氧基)十四酰基牛磺酸钠(SAPTT)水溶液的紫外吸收光谱、探针(芘)稳态荧光发射光谱及自身稳态荧光发射光谱性质.研究结果表明,荧光探针(芘)法和自身稳态荧光法可用来测定这类表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度(CMC),且测定结果与表面张力法(吊片法)接近;与荧光探针(芘)法相比,对于所研究体系,自身稳态荧光法的灵敏度和准确性均较高,所测得CMC结果与表面张力法(吊片法)能较好地吻合.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

化学计量中不确定度评定研究进展

测量不确定度是表征合理地赋予被测量之值的分散性的参数。本文针对化学计量不确定度评定基础模型仅适用于线性模型、概率分布为正态分布或缩放位移t分布等局限,介绍了近年来不确定度评定的研究热点:蒙特卡罗方法(Monte Carlo Method,MCM),不确定度评定的来源、评定概念、评估方法及其发展过程,扩大了测量不确定度评定与表示的适用范围。     

微量钙的测定方法研究进展

介绍了1995-2006年期间测定微量和痕量钙的方法,如电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法、原子吸收光谱法以及离子色谱法等的工作原理和特点,并说明了其测定微量钙的应用领域。并对微量钙的测定技术进行了展望(引用文献55篇)。     

Stages of thermal decomposition of sodium oxo-salts of sulphur

Thermal behaviour of sodium oxo-salts of sulphur: Na₂SO₄, Na₂S₂O₇, Na₂S₂O₆, Na₂SO₃, Na₂S₂O₅, Na₂S₂O₄, Na₂S₂O₃, Na₂S₃O₆ and of sulphides Na₂S and Na₂S₂ was studied on heating up to 1000°C. The experiments were performed with anhydrous compounds obtained from commercial products by recrystallisation and dehydration. The stage mechanisms of decomposition of anionic sub-lattices of the salts have been proposed basing on the Górski’s morphological classification of simple species. The thermal stability and the stage decomposition mechanisms were correlated with the structure and the potential chemical properties of the salt anions. The thermal decomposition processes were studied by means of thermal analysis, and the decomposition products were identified by means of X-ray phase analysis.