镍前驱体对非负载型镍催化剂上甲烷分解活性的影响

 分别以硝酸镍和乙酸镍为前驱体, 采用沉淀法制备了非负载型 Ni 催化剂, 运用 X 射线衍射、H2-程序升温还原及 CH4 程序升温表面反应对催化剂进行了表征, 并考察了 Ni 催化剂上 CH4 分解反应活性. 结果表明, 以乙酸镍为前驱体制得的 NiO 样品粒子尺寸较小, 较易被还原, 还原后得到的催化剂催化 CH4 分解活性和稳定性较高; 而以硝酸镍为前驱体制得的 NiO 样品粒子尺寸较大, 较难被还原, 还原后催化剂上 CH4 分解活性和稳定性较低. 制备过程中乙酸镍与溶剂乙二醇所形成的配合物是获得尺寸较小 NiO 样品的关键.     

阶跃升温分解法对非负载型镍催化甲烷分解活性的影响

 以乙醇为洗涤溶剂采用沉淀法制备了非负载型 Ni 催化剂, 考察了预处理过程对催化剂上 CH4 分解活性的影响. X 射线衍射及 CH4 程序升温表面反应结果表明, 降低还原温度可减小 Ni 粒子尺寸, 从而提高催化剂活性. 同时, 采用 CH4 多温度逐步分解 (多点阶跃升温分解) 法可形成较稳定的 Ni 粒子, 有效提高催化剂的活性及稳定性, 500 oC 下 CH4 初始转化率可达 8.40%, 反应 120 min 时升至 11.20%; 而在 350 和 500 oC 两点阶跃升温分解的 CH4 最高转化率只有 1.61%.     

水蒸汽对Ni/Ce-Zr-Al-Ox催化剂上CO2-CH4反应积碳的影响

采用水热合成-负载法制备了Ni/Ce-Zr-Al-Ox催化剂,进行了CO2重整CH4的反应,并采用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、程序升温加氢(TPH)等方法表征了在反应过程中催化剂表面的积碳物种,考察了添加少量水蒸汽对积碳的影响以及水蒸汽和表面积碳物种的作用.TPH实验测得有两类碳物种,一类是在250～350℃出现的少量α-碳,应主要是活性高的CH4解离碎片;另一类是在700℃附近出现的β-碳,应是导致催化剂失活的趋于石墨化或已经石墨化的积碳.β-碳比α-碳更容易同水蒸汽作用,添加少量水蒸汽到反应气中能够明显抑制β-碳的生成.活性测试结果表明,Ni/Ce-Zr-Al-Ox催化剂显示了89%的CH4转化率和良好的稳定性,添加3.2%(ψ)的水蒸汽后活性提高到94%,由于对非活性积碳的抑制,可以预料其稳定性也将进一步提高.     

水凝胶法制备Ni/ZrO2催化剂及催化CO2加氢甲烷化性能

采用水凝胶法制备出一系列Ni/ZrO2催化剂,使用X射线衍射(XRD),比表面积(BET)测试,透射电子显微镜(TEM)和氢气程序升温还原(H2-TPR)对其结构进行了表征,并考察了在CO2加氢甲烷化反应中的催化活性.研究结果表明,经过450℃焙烧的催化剂中ZrO2呈无定形结构,NiO均匀分散在ZrO2表面上;在400℃时H2还原过程中,部分无定形ZrO2转变为四方晶相结构并使Ni再次分散,Ni与ZrO2之间的电子作用抑制了Ni晶粒的生长和ZrO2晶型的转变;与无定形ZrO2和四方相ZrO2产生电子作用的NiO对催化剂活性起决定性作用,当Ni/Zr摩尔比为0.707时,催化剂活性最高.在H2/CO2体积比为4,空速为1×104h-1,压力为0.5 MPa,反应温度为200℃时,CO2转化率达到27%以上,当反应温度上升至280~320℃时,CO2转化率达到99%以上,CH4选择性大于92%.     

Cu-Ni/γ-Al_2O_3双功能催化剂上二甲醚水蒸气重整制氢

用沉积-沉淀法分别制备了Cu/γ-Al2O3、Ni/γ-Al2O3和Cu-Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂,并研究了它们在二甲醚水蒸气重整(DMESR)制氢反应中的催化性能.采用比表面积测定(BET)、X射线衍射(XRD)、H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、NH3程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)、程序升温氧化(TPO)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等表征手段对催化剂的物相结构、微观形貌、还原性能、表面酸性和积炭特性等进行了研究.结果表明:Cu、Ni均为二甲醚水蒸气重整制氢的活性组分,Cu、Ni和γ-Al2O3之间存在着相互作用;镍的加入可以有效地提高铜组分在γ-Al2O3上的表面富集与分散,优化铜组分的分布状态,促进CuO颗粒的细小化,并可增强铜组分和载体之间的相互作用,有效地防止铜晶粒的团聚,从而提高催化剂的活性及稳定性;铜的加入可以改善催化剂中金属镍的分散性,减少镍颗粒的尺寸,降低催化剂对CH4的选择性,提高催化剂的H2产率,并在一定程度上抑制了积炭的形成与沉积.在350℃的温度下,反应进行100h后,Cu-Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂仍保持95%的二甲醚转化率,说明该催化剂具有较好的活性和稳定性.     

常压高频放电等离子体炬改进制备CO2/CH4重整用Ni/MgO催化剂

比较了常规法、等离子体炬法和等离子体炬辅助焙烧法制得的Ni/MgO催化剂上CO2/CH4重整反应性能差异,并利用X射线衍射、透射电镜、X射线光电子能谱和CO2程序升温表面反应等技术对反应前后催化剂进行了表征,结果表明,采用等离子体炬辅助焙烧法制备的催化剂上Ni晶粒粒径小,分散度较高,低温活性和抗积炭性能较高;在常压,7...     

Ni的引入对Pd/Al2O3催化甲烷燃烧性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备了Ni掺杂的Pd/Al2O3催化剂,考察了其低浓度甲烷催化燃烧活性和水热稳定性.结果表明,随着Ni的引入及其含量的增加,Pd/Al2O3催化剂性能明显提高,Ni含量至20%时,在0.4%CH4,4%H2O和空气平衡的原料气组成,80000h-1空速和600oC条件下反应150h后,CH4转化率仍能保持在97.5%以上.X射线衍射、H2程序升温还原、NH3程序升温脱附和透射电镜等结果表明,NiAl2O4晶相的形成改善了载体酸性和活性组分的分散度,从而提高了催化剂性能.     

常压高频冷等离子体炬制备的CH4/CO2重整用Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂的表征

 分别采用常规焙烧还原 (C)、常规焙烧与常压高频冷等离子体炬还原相结合 (PR), 以及常压高频冷等离子体炬直接焙烧还原 (PC&;R) 制备了 Ni/γ-Al2O3 催化剂. 通过 X 射线衍射、H2-程序升温脱附、CO2-程序升温脱附、N2 吸附-脱附实验、透射电镜和热重分析等方法对催化剂进行了表征. 并考察了其 CH4/CO2 重整反应活性. 结果表明, 催化剂经等离子体处理后低温活性明显增加. 在得到相同 CH4 和 CO2 转化率情况下, PC&;R 法制备的催化剂与常规催化剂相比, 反应所需温度可以降低 50 oC. PC&;R 催化剂上 Ni 分散度提高了 100%, Ni 粒子粒径降低了 70%, 达到 5 nm, 催化剂的抗积炭性能显著增强. 所得催化剂较高的低温活性和抗积炭性能得益于常压高频冷等离子体炬对催化剂前驱体还原速率快, 处理时间大为缩短, 避免了由于长时间高温焙烧和还原所引起的对载体的烧结和金属 Ni 的团聚.     

La2O3对Ni-Cu/MgSiO催化剂的甲烷部分氧化制氢反应性能的影响

 用等体积浸渍法制备了MgO-SiO2(MgSiO)复合氧化物负载的Ni-Cu双金属催化剂,采用程序升温还原(TPR),X光电子能谱(XPS),红外光谱(IR),程序升温脱附(TPD)及微反技术考察了稀土La2O3的加入对CH4和H2O在Ni-Cu/MgSiO催化剂表面上的吸附及甲烷部分氧化制氢反应性能的影响. 结果表明,加入La2O3使催化剂表面Ni和Cu原子的电子云密度增加,CH4和H2O在催化剂表面上的吸附增强. CH4与O2和H2O在Ni-Cu/MgSiO催化剂上反应的主要产物为H2和CO2. La2O3的加入有利于提高CH4转化率及H2的选择性,并可提高催化剂稳定性及抗积炭能力. 讨论了La2O3的助催化作用机理.     

掺加Nd和K改性对Co_3O_4催化分解N_2O活性的影响（英文）

用水热法和共沉淀法分别制备了Nd-Co_3O_4催化剂,催化分解N_2O。其中,水热法制备的Nd-Co_3O_4催化活性较高。在不同组成的Nd-Co_3O_4中,优化出了较高活性的0.01Nd-Co_3O_4催化剂,在其表面浸渍K_2CO_3溶液制备K改性催化剂(K/Nd-Co_3O_4)。用X射线衍射(XRD)、N_2物理吸附、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线光电子谱(XPS)、程序升温还原(H_2-TPR)、O_2程序升温脱附(O_2-TPD)等技术表征催化剂结构。结果表明,Nd-Co_3O_4和K改性催化剂均为尖晶石结构;K改性弱化了催化剂表面Co-O键,有利于表面氧的脱除,提高了催化剂活性。有氧有水气氛350℃连续反应40 h,K/Nd-Co_3O_4催化剂上的N_2O分解率超过90%,稳定性较好。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.