混合模式固相萃取吸附剂的制备与应用

吸附剂是固相萃取技术的核心。近年来混合模式固相萃取吸附剂以其独特的选择性成为一个研究热点,被广泛应用于环境监测、食品分析、药物分析等领域。本文主要阐述了混合模式固相萃取吸附剂的优势、制备及其应用,并展望了其发展方向及应用前景。     

基质分散固相萃取-液相色谱-离子阱质谱法检测罐头食品中双酚类化合物残留

建立了采用基质分散固相萃取-液相色谱四级杆串联线性离子阱质谱分析罐头食品中双酚类化合物残留的方法.样品中的双酚类化合物残留经0.1％甲酸乙腈提取,基质分散固相萃取净化,外标法定量,液相色谱-质谱测定.使用数据相关采集扫描功能(IDA)结合增强离子产物(EPI)模式对样品中的双酚类进行定性分析,并建立双酚类的二级子离子谱库.通过MRM模式对双酚类进行定量分析,双酚类化合物在4种罐头食品中的平均回收率为49.3％～128.4％(n=6);相对标准偏差在3.2％～14.4％(n-6)之间,可以满足对罐头食品中的双酚类残留的快速同时定性与定量检测的要求.     

石墨相氮化碳材料在样品前处理中的研究进展

作为一种新型非金属材料,石墨相氮化碳以其独特的优点,如简单的制备方法、优良的化学及热稳定性、良好的生物兼容性和无毒性等,受到越来越多的关注。石墨相氮化碳及其复合材料目前已被广泛应用于电催化、光催化、生物成像等领域。由于具有大的比表面积,同时又是富电子的疏水材料,石墨相氮化碳相关材料被认为是一种理想的样品前处理吸附剂。该文探讨了近年来石墨相氮化碳及其复合材料作为固相萃取、分散固相萃取、磁性固相萃取、固相微萃取吸附剂在样品前处理中的应用,并对未来的发展趋势和应用前景进行了展望,以期为相关领域的研究提供帮助。     

分子印迹固相萃取检测罐装食品中双酚A

以双酚A为模板分子,3-氨基丙基乙氧基硅烷为功能单体,通过溶胶-凝胶反应合成双酚A分子印迹纳米硅胶微球。以印迹微球为固相萃取吸附剂,优化固相萃取条件,确定二氯甲烷为上样溶剂。固相萃取选择性实验表明,在双酚A及其结构类似物四溴双酚A、双酚C、壬基酚的混合物溶液中,印迹萃取柱对双酚A具有良好的选择性能,回收率达到90.7%。浓度为2.5和5μmol/L的加标罐装食品样品,经印迹萃取柱预处理,液相色谱检测得到回收率72%～84%,相对标准偏差2.9%～4.4%。     

替代模板分子印迹技术在样品前处理中的应用

分子印迹聚合物具有抗恶劣环境、选择性高、稳定性好等特点,广泛应用于复杂样品的前处理。采用结构类似物作为替代模板分子,可以解决分子印迹聚合物制备时目标物溶解性差的问题,替代模板分子印迹聚合物不仅对目标分析物具有选择性识别能力,还可以避免模板泄露对痕量分析造成的影响。本文综述了替代模板分子印迹技术在样品前处理中的应用进展,包括替代模板分子印迹技术在固相萃取、固相微萃取、色谱固定相、基质固相分散萃取中的应用,最后对替代模板分子印迹技术在未来的样品前处理中的研究进行了展望。     

新型无溶剂样品制备方法—固相微萃取法

固相微萃取法（SPME）是在固相萃取（SPE）的基础上结合顶空分析（Headspace)建立起来的一种新型样品制备方法,具有简便,经济、不使用溶剂等优点,并且能做到提取、净化、浓缩和仪器分析同步完成,文中对固相微萃取的装置,原理、萃取条件等、特点,应用及SPME法今后可能发展的方向作以介绍和进行初步探讨。     

基于掺杂金属有机骨架CeDUT-52分散固相萃取/高效液相色谱法检测水中的双酚类化合物

利用溶剂热法构筑了CeDUT-52吸附剂,将其用于水中双酚A(BPA)、双酚F(BPF)和双酚AF(BPAF)3种双酚类化合物的分散固相萃取(DSPE),并结合高效液相色谱-紫外检测,建立了水中3种双酚类化合物的分析方法.采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线能谱...     

固相萃取技术在食品痕量残留和污染分析中的应用

食品痕量残留和污染分析中,样品的前处理极为重要,也是其难点所在。由于食品和农产品样品的多样性和复杂性,目前还没有一种前处理技术能够适合所有情况下的所有样品。本文对近年来发展起来的新型固相萃取技术如固相微萃取、搅拌棒吸附萃取、基质固相分散萃取、分子印迹固相萃取、免疫亲和固相萃取、整体柱固相萃取、碳纳米管固相萃取等在食品痕量残留和污染分析中的应用进行了综述,对未来的发展前景作了展望。     

分子印迹固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定饲料中磺胺类药物

建立了基于分子印迹聚合物(MIPs)为吸附剂的固相萃取技术结合高效液相色谱检测饲料中5种磺胺类药物(SAs)的方法。以磺胺嘧啶为模板,采用紫外光引发合成MIPs,以MIPs作为吸附剂制备固相萃取柱,并对上柱、淋洗和洗脱等萃取条件进行了优化。在优化的条件下,5种SAs的检出限为0.14～0.23 mg/kg;定量限为0.38～0.47 mg/kg;平均回收率在72.1%～89.3%之间;批内与批间相对标准偏差分别小于7.9%和9.2%。与碱性氧化铝柱净化相比,分子印迹固相萃取柱净化后杂质更少,选择性更好,方法的定量限更低。     

分子烙印固相萃取技术在环境样品分析中的应用

分子烙印固相萃取技术克服了传统固相萃取技术选择性差的缺陷,实现了对复杂样品中特定分析对象或杂质的选择性提取,从而大大提高了分析测试的精度和准确性,并降低了检测限。该文对分子烙印聚合物(MIPs)作为固相萃取填料从复杂的环境样品中分离、富集和纯化微量及痕量的目标化合物进行了综述,涉及的目标化合物包括杀虫剂、除草剂、兽药等各类农药残留以及重金属离子和某些生物毒素等。     

A novel superparamagnetic surface molecularly imprinted nanoparticle adopting dummy template: An efficient solid-phase extraction adsorbent for bisphenol A

Leakage of the residual template molecules is one of the biggest challenges for application of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) in solid-phase extraction (SPE). In this study, bisphenol F (BPF) was adopted as a dummy template to prepare MIP of bisphenol A (BPA) with a superparamagnetic core–shell nanoparticle as the supporter, aiming to avoid residual template leakage and to increase the efficiency of SPE. Characterization and test of the obtained products (called mag-DMIP beads) revealed that these novel nanoparticles not only had excellent magnetic property but also displayed high selectivity to the target molecule BPA. As mag-DMIP beads were adopted as the adsorbents of solid-phase extraction for detecting BPA in real water samples, the recoveries of spiked samples ranged from 84.7% to 93.8% with the limit of detection of 2.50 pg mL⁻¹, revealing that mag-DMIP beads were efficient SPE adsorbents.     

替代模板分子印迹聚合物的制备及其用于人尿、牛血清和啤酒中7种双酚类物质的选择性固相萃取

以酚酞(PP)为替代模板,采用本体聚合法制备了选择性识别7种双酚类物质(BPs)的分子印迹聚合物(MIP)。将制备的PP-MIP用作固相萃取(SPE)填料,成功应用于人尿、牛血清和啤酒样品中7种BPs的分离净化。建立了同时测定人尿、牛血清和啤酒样品中的7种BPs的MIP-SPE-HPLC分析方法。3种样品中7种BPs的方法检出限范围均为1.2~2.0 μg/L。结果表明,7种BPs在0.02~2 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)大于0.9998;空白样品中加标水平为100和500 μg/L的回收率范围为90.1%~107.1%,相对标准偏差(RSD)不高于8.1%。该方法简便、准确、灵敏、可靠,可用于人尿、牛血清和啤酒中7种BPs的快速检测。     

固相萃取吸附材料在植物激素样品前处理中的应用新进展

植物激素在植物生长过程中具有重要作用,调节植物生长、发育及抗逆的各个过程。植物激素超微精准定量分析一直是植物生理学研究的瓶颈问题。植物激素的准确、高效检测目前大多是基于液相色谱-串联质谱联用技术。样品前处理是植物激素色谱-质谱分析中必不可少的一个步骤,直接影响后续检测方法的灵敏度和准确性。在植物激素各种前处理方法中,固相萃取(SPE)技术应用非常广泛。在萃取小柱基础上发展了多种新形式(分散固相萃取、磁性固相萃取、固相微萃取等,称之为SPE相关方法)。在上述SPE相关方法中,吸附材料的选择均是关键因素,决定了样品前处理过程的目标物提取、净化和富集效果。碳基材料(包括碳纳米管、石墨烯、碳氮化合物等)和有机骨架材料(包括金属有机骨架、共价有机材料)拥有结构可设计、比表面积大、稳定性良好等特性,非常适合作为吸附材料。分子印迹聚合物和超分子化合物依靠主-客体特异性分子识别作用,能显著提高样品前处理方法的选择性。本文重点针对植物激素样品前处理中的SPE技术,综述了近5年来上述几类功能化吸附材料的最新应用进展,并对其发展趋势进行展望。     

Selective solid-phase extraction of bisphenol A using molecularly imprinted polymers and its application to biological and environmental samples

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were prepared using bisphenol A (BPA) as a template by precipitation polymerization. The polymer that had the highest binding selectivity and ability was used as solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbents for direct extraction of BPA from different biological and environmental samples (human serum, pig urine, tap water and shrimp). The extraction protocol was optimized and the optimum conditions were as follows: conditioning with 5 mL methanol–acetic acid (3:1), 5 mL methanol, 5 mL acetonitrile and 5 mL water, respectively, loading with 5 mL aqueous samples, washing with 1 mL acetonitrile, and eluting with 3 mL methanol. MIPs can selectively recognize, effectively trap and preconcentrate BPA over a concentration range of 2–20 μM. Recoveries ranged from 94.03 to 105.3 %, with a relative standard deviation lower than 7.9 %. Under the optimal condition, molecularly imprinted SPE recoveries of spiked human serum, pig urine, tap water and shrimp were 65.80, 82.32, 76.00 and 75.97 %, respectively, when aqueous samples were applied directly. Compared with C18 SPE, a better baseline, better high-performance liquid chromatography separation efficiency and higher recoveries were achieved after molecularly imprinted SPE.      

Synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymers via ring-opening metathesis polymerization for solid-phase extraction of bisphenol A

The use of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) prepared by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) for bisphenol A (BPA) was reported in this article. The resulting MIPs have high imprinting and adsorption capacities, and can be used for separation and determination of BPA in environmental water samples. The successful application of ROMP in the molecular imprinting field is described here. For the first time, two cross-linkers (dicyclopentadiene and 2,5-norbornadiene) and two Grubbs catalysts (first and second generation) were investigated to compare their effects on the binding performance of MIPs. The ROMP technique is able to create the imprinted polymers within 1 h under mild conditions. Furthermore, it can provide MIPs with obvious imprinting effects towards the template, very fast template rebinding kinetics, high binding capacity and appreciable selectivity over structurally related compounds. The adsorption process for MIPs in this study can be completed within 45 min, which is much faster than that of bulk MIPs synthesized by traditional free-radical polymerization. The resulting imprinting polymer was evaluated for its use as a sorbent support in an off-line solid-phase extraction approach to recover BPA from diluted aqueous samples. The optimized extraction protocol resulted in a reliable MISPE method suitable for selective extraction and preconcentration of BPA from tap water, human urine and liquid milk samples. This article demonstrates the practical feasibility of the MIPs prepared via ROMP as solid-phase extraction materials.     

固相萃取材料在食品真菌毒素检测中的研究进展

被真菌毒素污染的食品可引发严重的健康问题,如癌症和畸形等,已成为全球公共卫生关注的焦点。因此,精准检测食品中痕量真菌毒素对保障人类健康具有重要意义。真菌毒素在食品中的浓度水平较低且易与复杂的食品基质成分结合,基质干扰严重影响检测的灵敏度,需采用有效的样品前处理技术进行富集和净化。固相萃取作为一种高效的样品前处理技术,其关键取决于萃取材料。该文总结了过去5年固相萃取材料在食品中真菌毒素样品前处理方面的研究进展,并对未来发展方向进行了展望,以期为食品中真菌毒素快速高效分析方法的开发提供参考。     

磁性三维氮掺杂碳纳米材料对6种双酚类化合物的吸附性能及其在泡腾分散微萃取中的应用

采用简单高温煅烧法成功制备了磁性钴镍基氮掺杂三维碳纳米管与石墨烯复合材料(CoNi@NGC),将其作为吸附剂用于水体中6种双酚类化合物(BPs)的吸附性能和机理研究。将CoNi@NGC复合纳米材料用作萃取介质,运用酸碱泡腾片的CO₂强力分散作用,开发了泡腾反应强化的分散固相微萃取前处理方法,结合高效液相色谱-荧光检测(HPLC-FLD)快速定量饮料中痕量BPs。采用扫描电镜、透射电镜、傅里叶红外光谱、氮气吸脱附、X射线光电子能谱和磁滞回线等技术手段对材料形貌结构进行表征,结果显示:该吸附剂成功实现氮元素的掺杂,且具有较大的比表面积(109.42 m²/g)、丰富的孔径及较强的磁性(17.98 emu/g)。吸附剂投加量、pH、温度、时间等因子优化试验表明:当pH=7,在初始质量浓度为5 mg/L的BPs混合溶液中投加5 mg CoNi@NGC, 298 K反应5 min,对双酚M(BPM)、双酚A(BPA)的吸附率分别高达99.01%和98.21%。作用90 min时对双酚Z(BPZ)、BPA、BPM的吸附率近100%。在吸附过程中,BPs与CoNi@NGC之间的整个吸附过程主要受氢键、静电作用和π-π共轭作用共同控制。整个吸附过程符合Freundlich吸附等温线模型和准二级动力学方程,吸附自发进行。进一步将CoNi@NGC作为萃取介质制备成磁性泡腾片,利用泡腾分散微萃取技术高效富集和提取6种盒装饮料中的BPs,优化了影响富集效果的泡腾片的存在与否、洗脱剂种类、洗脱时间、洗脱体积等关键因子,在最佳萃取条件下(pH=7,投加5 mg CoNi@NGC, 2 mL丙酮洗脱6 min),结合HPLC-FLD,新开发的泡腾分散微萃取方法提供的检出限为0.06~0.20 μg/L,定量限为0.20~0.66 μg/L,日内和日间精密度分别为1.44%~4.76%和1.69%~5.36%,在实际样品中不同水平下的加标回收率为82.4%~103.7%,在桃汁中检测到BPA和双酚B(BPB)分别为2.09 μg/L和1.37 μg/L。再生试验表明该吸附材料至少可以重复使用5次以上,显著降低了分析的试验成本。与其他方法相比,该方法具有灵敏度高、萃取速度快、环境友好等优点,在常规食品污染监测中具有较强的应用价值。     

A novel sol-gel-material prepared by a surface imprinting technique for the selective solid-phase extraction of bisphenol A

A novel and simple imprinted amino-functionalized silica gel material was synthesized by combining a surface molecular imprinting technique with a sol-gel process on the supporter of activated silica gel for solid-phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography (SPE-HPLC) determination of bisphenol A (BPA). Non-imprinted silica sorbent was synthesized without the addition of BPA using the same procedure as that of BPA-imprinted silica sorbent. The BPA-imprinted silica sorbent and non-imprinted silica sorbent were characterized by FT-IR and the static adsorption experiments. The prepared BPA-imprinted silica sorbent showed high adsorption capacity, significant selectivity and good site accessibility for BPA. The maximum static adsorption capacity of the BPA-imprinted and non-imprinted silica sorbent for BPA was 68.9 and 34.0 mg g⁻¹, respectively. The relatively selective factor value of this BPA-imprinted silica sorbent was 4.5. Furthermore, the difference of the retention characteristics of BPA on the C₈ SPE column and BPA-imprinted silica SPE (MIP-SPE) was compared. The MIP-SPE-HPLC method showed higher selectivity to BPA than the traditional SPE-HPLC method. At last, the BPA-imprinted polymers were used as the sorbent in solid-phase extraction to determine BPA in water samples with satisfactory recovery higher than 99% (R.S.D. 3.7%).     

固相萃取技术在磺胺类药物残留分析中的研究进展

磺胺类药物(Sulfonamides,SAs)残留与食品安全水平息息相关。存在SAs残留的基质复杂多样,开发快速、高效、高选择性的前处理方法是检测的关键。固相萃取(SPE)具有较少的溶剂使用量、绿色环保、高选择性、高灵敏度、节省时间、成本低、能与不同检测手段兼容等特点,已被广泛应用于SAs残留的前处理过程。该文简要介绍了移液枪头式SPE、磁性SPE、分子印迹SPE、管内SPE和其他SPE模式,并总结了它们在SAs残留检测分析中的研究进展。