氯离子选择电极瞬时电位分析法研究

0.1mol/L KNO3空白液与Cl^-切换时，AgCl电极响应的瞬时电位信号峰高度△Ep有非常好的再现性，40多天所测的10次标准曲线电位平衡偏差小于2.0mV，△Ep-p(Cl)^-直线平均斜率为55.4mV，其平均偏差小于1.0mV，电极响应下限和△Ep-p(Cl)^-直线截距都与经AgCl溶度积所计算的值一致，瞬时信号峰电位上升时间小于1.5s，可实现小体积试液的快速准确分析，用离子水合吉布氏自由能△Gh(Cl)^-，的变化解释了瞬时信号不同阶段的电位变化速度，实验中使用自制的活度阶梯自动切换装置，该装置具有容积比为4：1的空白液和试液两个注射泵，用该法已测定了维生素B6的含量。     

沉淀基离子选择电极对干扰离子的动力学响应研究

用活度阶梯法研究了AgI,AgBr,CuS,PbS和CdS电极对干扰离子的动力学响应.溶液中含一定浓度主要离子时上述电极对某些干扰离子响应非单一突跃型瞬时信号;溶液中不含主要离子时,除了AgBr电极响应Cl^-外,其它都响应单一瞬时信号.离子交换产物的溶解度越小,离子的水合焓差越小,瞬时信号峰高度越大.离子水合焓差对瞬时信号峰高度的影响说明,试液高速喷向电极表面时由于扩散层厚度很薄,电极对干扰离子响应瞬时信号的峰电位不决定于离子扩散速度,而决定于离子交换速度.除CuS电极外,根据其它电极非单一突跃型瞬时信号所测定的平衡电位选择性系数K_xy^e与相应化合物溶度积比值是一致的.     

Nafion修饰Ag/AgCl参比电极的研制及其在pH电化学传感器中的应用

制备了Nafion修饰的Ag/AgCl参比电极,参比电极电位(25℃)为-47.5±1mV,制备的电极有良好的重现性,电极电位不受溶液pH值和Cl-浓度变化的影响,有良好的抗S2-I、-离子干扰能力,且有较好的抗脉冲电流干扰能力。该参比电极适用于间歇式测试场合,可以保证稳定的参比电位;可用于基于W氧化物pH电极的电化学传感器,传感器的内阻为22kΩ,小于玻璃pH电极计内阻(1~10MΩ)。     

以离子水合能解释离子选择电极响应机理

用相继切换不同浓度I^-试液的活度阶梯法研究了碘化银基离子选择电极（I^--ISE）的瞬时响应。随电位变化的离子水合自由能△Gh(I^-）显示出|△Gh（I^-）|越小，正活度阶民位跃迁越快而负活度阶梯电位变化越慢。将－△Gh(I^-）看作I（H2O）n^-与I^--ISE表面反应的活化能解释了这个现象。比起传统电位法，活度阶梯法的主要优点是ISEs响应非常快并且更灵敏，有可能实现小体积试液的快速分析。     

纳米银掺杂炭气凝胶修饰电极对卤素离子的电化学响应

首次以新型的纳米银掺杂炭气凝胶为材料,制备了一种新型纳米银炭电极,并考察了该电极对卤素离子的电化学响应。在0.1 mol/L的KNO3中,用微分脉冲伏安法对含Cl-的溶液以及卤素离子共存时的溶液进行测定,结果表明:峰电流与Cl-浓度呈线性关系,线性范围为2.0×10-7-4.2×10-5mol/L;检出限为1.2×10-8mol/L。此外响应电流与Cl-、Br-、I-3种离子的总浓度在6.0×10-7-1.2×10-5mol/L范围内呈线性关系。结果表明,纳米银掺杂炭气凝胶修饰电极可望用于痕量卤素离子的测定。     

铂电极响应非电对离子的机理研究——Ⅰ.铂电极对Pb~(2+),Cd~(2+),Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+)的响应

铂电极对非电对离子的瞬时响应机理可用沉淀基离子选择电极对K_(XY)<<1的干扰离子瞬时响应的“混合相形成”模式解释。瞬时讯号峰高度与M(OH)_2的溶解度和M~(2+)的水合能有关。Pb~(2+)和Cd~(2+)的瞬时讯号正峰高度与lga_M呈Nernst关系,而Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)不是这种情况。所有离子的平衡电位不是Nernst响应。     

银-氯化银柔性脑电电极的制备及其评价

本文采用丝网印刷技术制备了一种基于聚酰亚胺(PI)柔性塑料基片的Ag/AgCl脑电电极,并建立了一套系统评价柔性脑电电极性能的方法。评价方法主要包括扫描电镜(SEM)表征、电极电位/时间响应和稳定性测试、电化学阻抗测试、附着性测试。结果表明,该柔性电极表面为多孔结构,且与基底粘附性好;该电极呈现Ag/AgCl的电化学界面性质,其平衡电位为0.97±0.20mV,与Ag/AgCl粉末电极接近;且电极电位一致性和稳定性良好,最大极差电位不超过0.7mV,4h后电位漂移值在10μV/4min以内;经磨砂导电膏GT5处理后,电极-皮肤阻抗在5kΩ以内,满足脑电记录要求;相对于人体皮肤的高阻抗值,柔性电极-导电膏(GT20)的界面阻抗仅为166Ω·cm2。该评价方法系统、实用,可为制定相应国家标准提供技术参考。     

铅笔芯修饰聚苯胺制作微型复合pH电极的性能

在0.3mm直径的铅笔芯上电修饰聚苯胺,封入玻璃毛细管中,并与Ag/AgCl电极组合成复合微型pH电极.经实验测试,该电极的pH响应特性良好,在pH1～11的线性范围内,能斯特斜率为(-56.4±0.5)mV/pH,线性相关系数不小于0.996.作为参比的Ag/AgCl电极性能稳定.由于电极是复合微型化的,所以可用于活体微区测定.     

碳纳米管和聚电解质修饰玻碳电极的电化学行为及对芦丁的检测

研究了芦丁和抗坏血酸在碳纳米管与聚电解质复合材料修饰电极(PDDA/SWCNTs/GC)上的电化学行为.循环伏安测试结果表明,在该修饰电极上芦丁的电子传递反应受吸附控制.在碳纳米管和PDDA的共同作用下,芦丁和抗坏血酸的氧化峰电位分离大于200 mV.利用微分脉冲伏安法测定了不同浓度芦丁的电流响应,线性范围为2.5～110μmol.L-1,检出限0.5μmol.L-1.即使抗坏血酸浓度较高时,氧化峰电流与芦丁的浓度仍然呈良好的线性关系.该修饰电极制作简便,可应用于药物中芦丁含量的直接检测.     

基于Schiff-base结构化合物载体的汞离子选择性电极的制备与表征

高产率合成了一种新的Schiff-base结构化合物,并将其表征为高选择性聚合物膜汞离子选择性电极载体。考察了不同增塑剂及离子交换剂对膜电极响应性能的影响,在最佳膜组分条件下测得该电极对汞离子的线性响应范围为1.0×10-6~3.0×10-4mol/L,响应斜率为(29.3±0.3)mV/dec,检出限为2.6×10-7mol/L;该电极响应速率快(小于12 s),可在较宽的pH范围内(pH2.8~5.6)使用,且其它常见碱金属、碱土金属以及过渡金属离子对该测试电极的干扰小;可准确检测自来水中汞离子的浓度。     

HEPT类化合物的QSAR研究

为定量结构／活性相关性研究提取了量子化学参数,拓扑指数Am,分子连接性指数^mxt及疏水性常数,同时应用正交变换和最佳变量子集算法（Leaps-and-Bonds)进行了变量压缩和选择,进而实施了多元回归分析,并由此结果进行了HEPT类化合物（1－[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6-(phenylthio)-thymine derivatives)的结构／活性关系的理论解释,进行了人工神经网络法对于该类化合物的活性预测,其结构明显好于多元回归法。     

From the Micro- to the Macro-: Managing the Conservation of the Warship,Vasa

Sweden's famous warship, Vasa, sank on her maiden voyage in August 1628, and remained on the bottom of Stockholm harbour for 333 years. Raised in 1961, she became the first large-scale wooden object to be treated with polyethylene glycol (PEG). In the summer of 2000 a number of acidic salt precipitations were noticed on the surface of the ship and on wooden artefacts in the storerooms. An international research project has been established to look into the causes of this problem and suggest possible re-treatments. Meanwhile projects are underway to monitor movements in the ship, to build a better support system, and to replace the thousands of iron bolts holding the structure together, while a sophisticated new climate system has recently been installed in the museum.     

液滴荧光传感与计算机联用技术在微量分析中的应用

通过在LS55型荧光-磷光-发光分光光度计上加装液滴产生及调节附件,采用计算机采集与分析处理数据,成功地研制了双通道液滴光化学传感装置.利用葡聚糖凝胶对复合维生素B中不同组分的选择性吸附来达到分离与同时检测的目的,并将其用于复合维生素B药片的分析,取得了满意的结果.     

On the scaling of the interface energy of the liquid clusters in the disordered nanoporous medium

Similarity of the extrusion curves of non-wetting liquid in a nanoporous medium with different initial fill volume fractions is observed experimentally. The similarity can be explained by the scaling of the interface energy and the self-similarity of the infinite percolation cluster of fluid-filled pores. Understanding the physical processes leading to the observed phenomena is a foundation for the development of high-performance devices for damping and energy storage on the basis of such heterogeneous systems.     

光亮剂对银电沉积行为的影响

用电势阶跃法和旋转圆盘电极法 (RDE)以及SEM和XRD测试手段 ,初步研究了光亮剂对氰化体系中银电沉积行为的影响 .研究表明 ,光亮剂的加入并未导致银电沉积成核机理的改变 ,但显著增强了镀液的微观平整效应 ,并且所得镀层的表观光滑程度明显改善 .XRD测试亦同时表明光亮剂的加入并未改变镀层的择优取向     

Using of the Agglomeration-in-liquid for the Technology of the Fine Materials

The content of the fine and ultrafine particles in the raw material results in difficulty of the separation, the loss of the valuable components and ecological contamination. Secondary using of the fine particles is impossible without their granulation. This problem has been solved by the agglomeration-in-liquid method.An agglomeration-in-liquid method is a process to produce agglomerates in a liquid phase from solid particles suspended in the liquid. The surface of solid particles and the binding liquid must be of identical polarity, but the continuous phase must be of the opposite polarity. The water solutions of the surfactant are the binding liquids or the organic liquids.     

Influence of the Position of the Connecting Spacer of the Chromophore on the Nonlinear Optical Response

A new chromophore, C1 , based on a similar DπA‐structure as in the FTC ‐chromophore but with a hydroxyalkyl spacer perpendicular to the direction of the dipole moment was synthesized. Both chromophores and the CLD ‐chromophore were used to prepare high T_g nonlinear optical vinyl polymers. The influence of the position of the spacer on the DπA‐system on the NLO response of the resulting polymers was investigated.

     

On the dependence of the critical supersaturation on the initial undersaturation in the reverse Wilson chamber

The dependence of the critical supersaturation on the degree of the initial undersaturation has been analyzed in detail.This dependence is explained by means of the Richarch-Powell equation, taking into account the dependence of the -ratio upon the partial pressures of the inert gas and the liquid under investigation.     

On the quality of the hardness kernel and the Fukui function to evaluate the global hardness

An approximated hardness kernel, which includes the second derivative with respect to the density of the kinetic energy, the electron-electron coulomb repulsion, and the exchange density functionals, has been tested for the calculation of the global hardness. The results obtained for a series of 40 cations and neutral systems and 16 anions represent in most cases an improvement of the results obtained using the HOMO-LUMO gap approach and indicate the viability of this approach to evaluate global hardness. In addition, the relevance of the Fukui function approximation and the role of the three components of the hardness kernel in the evaluation of the global hardness have been analyzed.