PVC/ABS共混塑料结构与性能的研究

本文利用透射电镜观察PVC/ABS共混塑料的结构,结合其流变性能,机械性能,探讨结构与性能之间的关系。结果表明,PVC/ABS共混望料的热性能,抗冲击强度介于纯PVC和ABS之间,而缺口冲击强度则优于PVC和ABS,且当ABS含量为30％时有个最大值,这是由于PVC/ABS共混塑料的微观结构造成的。PVC/ABS共混塑料随着ABS含量的减少,“橡胶”粒子变小,当ABS含量为30％时,二组分相容性最好。     

聚氯乙烯－丁腈橡胶－氯丁橡胶三元共混物的研究

测定了聚氯乙烯（ＰＶＣ）－丁腈橡胶（ＮＢＲ－２９）－氯丁橡胶（ＣＲ）三元共混物的冲击性能和应力－应变行为，用动态力学分析、扫描电镜和透射电镜研究了共混物的相容性和形态结构，结果表明，ＮＢＲ－２９对ＰＶＣ，ＣＲ有良好的增容作用，三元共混物是部分相容的二相体系，具有良好的抗冲击性能。     

聚氯乙烯—丁腈橡胶—氯丁橡胶三元共混物的研究

测定了聚氯乙烯（ＰＶＣ）－丁脯橡胶（ＮＢＲ－２９）－氯丁橡胶（ＣＲ）三元共混物的冲击性能和应力－应变行为，用动态力分析、扫描电和透射电镜研究了共混物的相容性和形态结构。结果表明，ＮＢＲ－２９对ＰＶＣ，ＣＲ有良好的增容作用，三元共混物是部分相容的二相体系，具有良好的抗冲击性能。     

苯乙烯－丁二烯－苯乙烯／聚（苯乙烯－甲基丙烯酸盐）热塑性互穿聚合物网络的形态和玻璃化转变

使用化学共混法和机械共混法制备了三嵌段苯乙烯－丁二烯－苯乙烯共聚物（ＳＢＳ）／聚（苯乙烯－甲基丙烯酸盐）热塑性互穿聚合物网络（ＩＰＮ）．用透射电镜和动态力学方法研究了它们的形态和玻璃化转变行为．实验结果显示出，由母体形成ＩＰＮ提高了体系的相容性，且化学共混方法明显好于机械共混法．ＩＰＮ样品均呈微观相分离形态，具有两个分属于聚丁二烯相和聚（苯乙烯－甲基丙烯酸盐）相的玻璃化转变温度．通过Ｂｕｄｉａｎｓｋｙ方程和Ｋｅｒｎｅｒ方程对动态模量数据的分析表明，ＩＰＮ样品具有两相连续性，且随ＳＢＳ（聚合物Ⅰ）组分含量的增加，聚（苯乙烯－甲基丙烯酸）（聚合物Ⅱ）的连续程度降低     

用FTIR研究线形多嵌段聚氨酯与聚氯乙烯、氯化聚氯乙烯共混相容性

用溶液法得到线形多嵌段聚氨酯（PU）与聚氯乙烯（PV）、氯化聚氯乙烯（CPVC）的共混物。用FTIR研究PU/PVC、PU／CPVC共混物的相容性，发现PVC、CPVC的加入破坏了PU中原来的氢键，并且PU中的炭基（C=0）与PVC、CPVC中的α－H形成了新的氢键，因而说明了PU／PVC、PU／CPVC共混物具有良好的相容性。     

含联苯结构聚醚醚酮酮共聚物和共混物的制备及性能研究

聚醚醚酮（PEEK）是八十年代初投入市场的全芳香结构热塑性耐高温特种工程塑料，它的7’。一143“C，Tm一334C“‘，最大结晶度为48％，典型制品结晶度为20％～30％［”．PEEK可用通常的设备成型，其制件、纤维、涂料及复合材料在电子电器、机械设备、交通运输、宇航、原子能工程、军事等领域有广泛的用途［’j．聚醚醚酮酮（PEEKK）是继PEEK之后，由德国Hoechst公司开发出来的又一种全芳香结构热塑性耐高温特种工程塑料［‘j．为了研究该类聚合物的结构和性能的关系，我们在实验室中合成了PEEKK和含联苯结构聚醚醚酮酮（PE－＊…     

聚苯乙烯／顺丁橡胶接枝苯乙烯共混过程光散射研究

聚合物共混物共混过程结构发展的研究较多［’－‘j，一致结论是分散相尺寸的迅速降低主要发生在最初1．5min到2min．当材料处于熔融或软化过程时，结构将发生极大的变化．材料在共混中往往出现薄片状或带状结构，基本处于微米尺度．本文利用X光小角散射、激光背散射及扫描电镜分别从微米尺度和纳米尺度对共混过程中微观结构的动态变迁进行了讨论聚苯乙烯（PS，民一5．8X10’，风一2．7XIO5，密度1．05，北京燕山石化公司生产）与顺丁橡胶接枝苯乙烯（PCBR－g－St，本实验室采用溶液接枝合成，接技率7．l％）按照80／20（质量比）比例…     

（甲基）丙烯酸酯及其共聚体系L′IPN的合成和性能研究──Ⅰ（甲基）丙烯酸酯及其共聚体系L′IPN的相容性

通过ＤＭＳ、电镜、平衡溶胀比、密度等测定研究了将丙烯腈、醋酸乙烯酯等乙烯基单体作为共聚组分引入全（甲基）丙烯酸酯Ｌ’ＩＰＮ（胶乳型互穿聚合物网络）中对共混体系相容性的影响,发现：种子乳液聚合所形成的Ｌ＇ＩＰＮ具有“核－－壳”结构;通过无规共聚引进不同链结构能显著地调节ＩＰＮ（互穿聚合物网络）的相容性;在一定范围内提高Ｌ’ＩＰＮ中的网络密度对提高共混体系的相容性是有效的;密度效应在ＩＰＮ共混系统中存在,但其正负偏差的同时出现体现出ＩＰＮ结构的复杂性。     

MFI沸石上对二甲苯的热脱附

MFI沸石（ZS－5型）的骨架结构内含十氧元环的二维孔道［‘］，孔容积0．18cm‘·g－‘，硅沸石（Silicallte－1）是骨架中不合铝的ZSM－5．’‘StMASNMR话可揭示沸石的结构对称性、硅铝比和局部缺陷［习．Nagy等人间提出St－OH缺陷在含铅量高时形成．Woolery等门则认为出OH完全是由于骨架内包藏的桂的存在而产生，并随铝合量降低而增大．ZSM－5、硅沸石的结构特征和对二甲苯（Px）的性质决定了Px在ZSM－5上的吸附特性·本文用’‘StMASNLDEL表征硅沸石及不同含铅量的H、Na型ZSM－5的结构，并用＊W＊＊G巾TA分析吸附于…     

用DSC研究线形多嵌段聚氨酯与聚氯乙烯、氯化聚氯乙烯共混相容性

用示差扫描量热法（DSC）研究了线形多嵌段聚氨酯（PU）与聚氯乙烯（PVC）、氯化聚氯乙烯（CPVC）共混相容性，说明了PU／VC、PU／CPVC的相容是由于共混物中形成了新的氢键的缘故．聚酯型聚氨酯与PVC、CPVC的相容性要好子聚酸型聚氨酯，CPVC与PU的相容性又要好于PVC．聚氨酯中硬段的引入不利于PU／PVC、PU／CPVC的相容性．     

一种加成固化型热固性树脂PN-PAA固化过程和热稳定性研究

研究了炔丙基醚化酚醛树脂(PN)与聚芳基乙炔树脂(PAA)的反应性共混物(以下简称PN-PAA共混树脂)的相容性,并对共混树脂的固化过程和固化物的耐热性进行了表征.相态、DSC、SEM、TEM等测试结果均表明共混树脂及其固化物是完全相容的均相体系.凝胶时间、粘度、DSC等结果表明共混树脂固化工艺性优良,适合多种成型工艺(如RTM),显著改善了PAA树脂的固化工艺缺陷.DMA、TGA等分析表明共混树脂固化物具有很高的耐热性,可作为新型的防热复合材料和高温结构材料的基体.     

A New Criterion for Brittle-Ductile Transition of Polymer Blends

The T_c criterion was first used by S. Wu for characterizing the brittleductile (B-D) transition of N6/EPDM blends. But in this paper, a new criterion which is based on the stress analysis of blends is proposed to characterize the B-D transitions of blends, namely, A criterionV_(fc) and d_c are the critical volume fractions and particle size of dispersed particles in blends, respectively. For given blends, A is independent of the morphology of dispersed phase and is only the characteristic parameter of matrix. The B-D transitions of different blends, including polar N6/EPDM blends, nonpolar PP/EPDM blends and PE/CaCO_3 composites, were manipulated with A criterion and satisfactory results were obtained. In addition, a new master curve for the impact strength of PP/EPDM blends versus V_f~2/d was obtained. The results showed that A criterion is more suitable than T_c criterion for characterizing the B-D transition of blends.     

固相法氯化聚乙烯对PVC／LLDPE共混体系性能和形态的影响

采用固相法氯化聚乙烯（ＣＰＥ）对聚氯乙烯／线型低密度聚乙烯（ＰＶＣ／ＬＬＤＰＥ）共混体系进行增容改性。扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、动态力学分析和力学性能测试结果表明，ＣＰＥ对ＰＶＣ／ＬＬＤＰＥ共混体系具有很好的增容作用。     

Insights into phthalonitrile/epoxy blends modification system from non-competitive cure system based on alicyclic anhydride

A series of polymer blends were prepared from 1,3-bis(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)benzene (3BOCN) and epoxy resin with methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride as curing agent.The curing behavior and curing kinetics of the blends were studied by differential scanning calorimetry.The apparent activation energy of the blends with various contents of 3BOCN was higher than that of the blends without 3BOCN.A model experiment suggested that there is no obvious reaction between phthalonitrile and epoxy.The thermal and mechanical properties of the polymer blends were evaluated.The polymer blends exhibit high storage modulus and char yield compared with the neat epoxy.The polymer blends show ductile fracture morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images.     

高分子共混物中氢键的作用Ⅱ.氢键对高分子共混物性能的影响以及引入方法

高分子共混物中氢键的存在能促进共混组分具有更好的可混和性.因此,研究高分子共混物中的氢键对高分子的共混改性具有重要的理论和实用价值.本文是<高分子共混物中氢键的Ⅰ.氢键的特征描述以及影响因素>的下篇,将继续介绍高分子共混物中氢键的作用,主要包括氢键对高分子共混物性能的影响以及主要的引入氢键的方法.特别地,本文通过将高分子共混物分为合成高分子与合成高分子共混物,合成高分子与天然高分子共混物以及合成高分子与其它物质共混物,总结了氢键存在对共混物性能的影响.     

Mechanical and Rheological Behavior of Unvulcanized and Dynamically Vulcanized i-PP/EPDM Blends

The mechanical and rheological behavior of dynamically vulcanized PP/EPDM blends is examined and compared with those of unvulcanized blends. The effect of blend ratio and dynamic vulcanization of EPDM rubber on tensile properties and flow are investigated. The mechanical properties of the blends are strongly influenced by the blend ratio. With the increasing of EPDM content the value of yield stress in a solid state decreases with the elastomer volume fractions less than 0.45 for the unvulcanized blends. For the dynamically vulcanized blends the interval of EPDM content, at which the yield peak is seen, is rather limited below 0.25 elastomer volume fractions. It is shown that dynamic vulcanization changes the deformational behavior of PP/EPDM blends. The rheological properties of dynamically vulcanized blends depending on the ratio of the components may be similar to the properties of polymer composites containing the highly disperse structuring filler. The distinction between the rheological behavior of unvulcanized and dynamically vulcanized blends is related to differences of their structures and viscoelastic characteristics of unvulcanized and vulcanized EPDM phase.     

共聚物混溶性热力学-分子内排斥作用与附加共聚焓

基于聚合物分子间物理相互作用和统计平均场理论,引入附加共聚焓定义,使聚合物分子间的作用得到量化,同时推导出二元共混体系相互作用参数和三元共混体系混合焓关系式.利用所导出的公式解释一些常见聚合物共混体系和增溶体系.导出的关系式很好地解释了聚合物的热力学混溶性,但不能解释聚合物共混增溶作用.     

PPEKK/PEI共混物的相容性及拉伸性能

作为相容体系 ,聚芳醚酮与聚醚酰亚胺 (ＰＥＩ)共混物体系的研究受到了研究者的重视[1～ 4] .由于现在已商品化的聚芳醚酮基本上都是半结晶型聚合物 ,所以有有关无定型聚芳醚酮与聚醚酰亚胺共混物的研究鲜见报道 .含二氮杂萘酮结构聚芳醚酮酮 (ＰＰＥＫＫ)是一种新型耐高温聚合物 ,相比于已经商品化的各种聚芳醚酮 ,ＰＰＥＫＫ除具有优异的综合性能外 ,它最大的特点表现在以下两方面 ,ＰＰＥＫＫ耐热性突出 ,玻璃化转变温度 (Ｔｇ)为 2 4 5℃左右 ,远高于各种商品化的聚芳醚酮 ;ＰＰＥＫＫ为无定型聚合物 ,易溶于多种有机极性溶剂 ,大大的扩…     

Effective interaction parameter of linear/star polymer blends and comparison with that of linear/linear and star/star blends

The authors present a detailed study of the microscopic parameters, which control the miscibility in binary linear/star polymer blends. The effective interactions of linear/star polymer blends are studied by means of Monte Carlo simulations and comparison is made with linear/linear and star/star blends, which they also determined. Using the bond fluctuation model on a simple cubic lattice, the authors are able to simulate symmetric linear/linear, star/star, and, for the first time, linear/star blends with a moderate number of arms. The simulations were performed at a volume fraction of occupied lattice sites phi=0.5, which corresponds to dense polymer mixtures for this algorithm. In particular, we study star/star blends with 4, 8, and 12 arms and the respective linear/linear blends as well as linear/star blends, all having the same total number of units equal to 73 and 121. The authors find that linear/star blends are more miscible than the corresponding linear/linear blends, which is in agreement with recent experimental and theoretical results. They find that linear/star mixtures are less miscible than star/star blends, a result which is also verified by theoretical findings.     

Influence of microstructure and deformation behavior on toughening of reactively compatibilized polyamide 6 and poly(ethylene-co-butyl acrylate) blends

Influence of microstructure on impact toughness and fracture behavior of PA6 and EBA blends reactively compatibilized by EBA-g-MAH was quantitatively studied. The reactively compatibilized blends showed better distribution of elastomeric EBA particles in the PA6 matrix and the presence of EBA-g-MAH resulted in considerable reduction of interfacial tension between the component polymers. The interfacial adhesion between the PA6 and EBA phase in the compatibilized blends was enhanced by the interfacial reaction between the amide end-groups of PA6 and maleic anhydride group of EBA-g-MAH compared to uncompatibilized blends. The matrix ligament thickness and particle diameter values were lower than the predicted critical values and were responsible for the ductile behavior of the compatibilized blends. Stress whitening around the notch occurred in all the compatibilized blends which was the major energy dissipation zone in the blends. Matrix shear yielding or plastic flow without crazing was the dominant deformation mechanism in the tough compatibilized blends. There was no sign of shear yielding during impact fracture of the uncompatibilized blends where the elastomeric particles were completely dislodged from the matrix.