稀土对氢氧化铝凝胶加热转变过程的影响

采用TG DTG DSC热分析、X射线衍射物相分析等方法研究了稀土元素对氢氧化铝凝胶加热转变过程的影响。实验结果表明 :稀土的添加加速了非晶Al2 O3的形成 ;提高了非晶态Al2 O3的晶化温度 ;对γ Al2 O3向α Al2 O3转变的影响随稀土添加种类及添加量不同而不同 ,添加的 4种稀土元素对该转变的抑制作用由强到弱为 :La >(Y ,Nd) >Ce。对稀土作用机制的初步分析结果表明 :稀土添加减少了Al2 O3中残余的羟基 ,因而降低了晶化过程中铝离子的扩散速率 ,从而减少了γ Al2 O3的晶化速率 ;稀土对γ Al2 O3向α Al2 O3转变的抑制作用主要是由于稀土铝酸盐的形成 ,LaAl1 1 O1 8(磁铅石结构 )的形成能更有效地抑制γ Al2 O3向α Al2 O3的转变 ,而YAlO3和NdAlO3的抑制作用则较小 ,以氧化物形式沉淀出来的CeO2 对γ Al2 O3向α Al2 O3转变没有明显影响     

稀土-铁催化剂催化还原烟气中SO2制硫磺

以煤气为还原气,以Fe为主活性金属,稀土为助剂催化还原冶炼烟气中SO2制取硫磺,研究了不同稀土、不同稀土含量及不同催化剂制备方式对稀土-过渡金属催化剂催化还原SO2制硫磺活性的影响,并考察了其反应机制.结果表明:不同稀土对Fe/Al2O3催化剂有不同的改性作用,Sm和Dy的加人大大提高了催化剂的活性,在360 ℃时,smFe/Al2O3的硫产率增大到86.62%,比同温度下Fe/Al2O3的提高了40.5%;在400℃时,DyFe/Al2O3的硫产率增大到91.62%.比同温度下Fe/Al2O3的提高了26.4%;REFe/Al2O3催化剂的活性与稀土含量有一定的关系,对SmFe/Al2O3催化剂,稀土Sm的最佳含量为1.0%;不同方式制备的稀土催化剂活性不同,对硫产率来说其大小顺序为:钐铁溶液混浸>先浸钐后浸铁>先浸铁后浸钐;煤气还原SO2的反应机制为中间产物机制.     

Sm2O3掺杂金属陶瓷惰性阳极的制备及性能研究

采用氧化铝-金属复合材料,适量掺杂稀土金属氧化物（Sm2O3）,制备一种新型铝电解用氧化铝基金属陶瓷惰性阳极,并对添加稀土氧化物的材料综合性能进行了研究.结果表明： 添加稀土氧化物的试样晶粒生长完整,致密度高,耐高温和抗冰晶石熔盐腐蚀性能良好,年平均腐蚀速率为12.27 mm; 导电性能稳定、良好,其电导率随温度的升高而增大,具有半导体的导电性质,850 ℃时测得添加稀土氧化物的试样电导率为63 S·cm^-1.     

Pt／La-Al2O3＋Ce0.5Zr0.5O2催化燃烧脱除饮食油烟

采用浸渍法制备了低贵金属含量的Pt／La2O3，Pt／La—Al2O3＋Pt／OSM（2：1），Pt／La—Al2O3＋Pt／OSM（1：1），Pt／La—Al2O3＋Pt／OSM（1：2）4种整体式催化剂，在固定床反应器中对催化活性进行了评价。结果表明，稀土储氧材料（OSM）的添加有利于提高催化活性，降低油烟完全转化温度。La-Al2O3和OSM的质量比为1：1时催化活性最好，油烟完全转化温度为270℃，其空速适用范围是一至六万。该催化剂具有良好的应用前景。     

碳酸稀土在冰晶石—氧化铝系熔体中的溶解度

用过饱和平衡法测定了碳酸稀土在冰晶石-氧化铝系熔体中的溶解度。考查了熔体温度等因素对溶解度的影响,得出了溶解度与碳酸稀土的焙烧温度、焙烧时间、氧化铝含量及熔体分子比之间的回归方程,并就碳酸稀土的热分解产物在冰晶石-氧化铝系熔体中的溶解机理进行了探讨。     

稀土对Al2O3陶瓷烧结温度、显微组织和力学性能的影响

研究了Y2O3, La2O3 等稀土氧化物对Al2O3陶瓷烧结温度、力学性能和显微组织的影响. 结果表明, 添加稀土氧化物可以降低Al2O3陶瓷的烧结温度, 改善显微组织, 提高力学性能. 添加复合稀土氧化物(Y2O3+La2O3)后, Al2O3陶瓷的抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别提高1.8倍和2.08倍. 其性能提高的主要原因是稀土氧化物对细晶强化、净化界面、固溶强化、自增韧补强等作用的贡献.     

稀土掺杂硼铝硅酸盐玻璃结构的NMR研究

采用魔角核磁共振（MAS NMR）研究了稀土掺杂B2O3-Al2O3-SiO2玻璃的结构及其组成和热处理等因素对玻璃结构的影响。研究发现，在B2O3-Al2O3-SiO2玻璃结构中，硼的配位主要是三角体[BO3]和[BO4]，铝的配位主要是[AlO4]，[AlO5]和少量的[AlO6]。随着B2O3-Al2O3-SiO2玻璃中BaO含量的增加，[BO3]逐渐向[BO4]转变，[AlO5]和[AlO5]也转变为[AlO4]。此外，由于稀土离子比钡离子更高的离子场强，其能够积聚硼氧结构使得其形成了巨大的网络结构。随着稀土掺量的增加，玻璃结构中的硅氧配位逐渐以Q4（3T）为主。热处理对玻璃结构中的硼氧和铝氧配位影响很小。     

铝热还原法制备铝-稀土中间合金的研究

以混合稀土碳酸盐为原料,Al为还原剂,还原时间为2 h,在温度范围为1000～1200℃的冰晶石熔体中,分别制备了RE含量为2.11%～9.75%(质量分数)的Al-RE中间合金.研究发现,Al-RE合金中的RE含量与温度的关系可近似用公式y=-0.74673-0.02813X 3.07273×10-5X2描述;合金中存在着La,Ce,Pr,Nd和Pm等稀土元素.分析了还原温度对合金中稀土含量的影响,分析了[RE2O3]的活度、[Al2O3]的活度、Al-RE合金中的[RE]的活度及[Al]的活度对反应的影响;讨论了Al-RE中间合金形成的热力学及动力学条件,对Al-RE中间合金的形成机制进行了探讨.     

三价稀土碳酸盐的制备及热分解产物在冰晶石-氧化铝熔体中的溶解度

不同价态的稀土氧化物,在熔盐中的溶解度差异很大。用碳酸盐沉淀工艺可方便地使稀土碳酸盐中的稀土呈三价状态。在1000℃的冰晶石熔体中,Ce_2O_3的溶解度为13.6Wt％,约为CeO_2溶解度的10倍。由碳酸盐工艺制得的三价轻稀土氧化物因其结构疏松,活性大,溶解速度较快,在冰晶石熔体中的溶解度为14.9Wt％。同样条件下,经灼烧而得的其他轻稀土氧化物(RE_xO_y),在熔体中溶解很慢,且其中的CeO_2在渣中被富集。     

稀土改性Pd/Al2O3催化剂的性能:甲醇分解的活性和选择性

用稀土金属氧化物CeO2和La2O3改性γ-Al2O3担载Pd制备了一系列甲醇分解催化剂，并考察了Pd盐前驱体（氯盐或硝酸盐），稀土种类（镧或／和铈），经的含量（0％－30％），浸渍方法（顺序浸渍或共浸渍）地催化剂性能的影响。结果表明：CeO2能提高Pd/Al2O3催化剂的甲醇分解活性，La2O3能提高催化剂的CO和H2选择性，而CeO2和La2O3在γ-Al2O3上对Pd的催化性能表现出一种协同作用。在10％的La2O3和22％的CeO2共同改性的催化剂上，250℃，甲醇液体空速1.8h^-1条件下反应甲醇转化率达到91．4％，CO（H2）的选择性几乎为100％。     

添加剂对燃煤电石渣固硫的促进作用

在煤的燃烧过程中采用钙基固硫技术脱除SO2等气体污染物，是实现煤高效清洁燃烧的有效措施之一。传统钙基固硫剂价格低廉，但普遍存在固硫剂利用率低，固硫反应速率与硫析出速率不一致，以及高温下形成的固硫产物易于分解等缺点。研究表明，在钙基固硫剂中掺入微量添加剂可以有效提高钙基固硫剂的固硫率。添加剂主要起两大作用，一是对煤的燃烧过程有助燃和促进作用，提高钙基利用率；二是在燃烧过程中形成耐热稳定的物相或熔融物相包裹固硫物相，从而抑制固硫物相的分解，阻止SO2的排放。     

EFFECTS OF RARE EARTH OXIDES ON PERFORMANCES OF Ni/Al_2O_3 CATALYSTS FOR METHANE STEAM REFORMING REACTION

The Catalytic performances for methane steam reforming reaction ofNi/Al_2O_3(commercial), Ni/Al_2O_3 (developed surface )and Ni/Al_2O_3-R_xO_y (R israre earth oxide) Catalysts were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction,TG, SEM/ X-ray analysis, pulse gas chromatography,BET and Mercuryporsiniter techniques. The distribution of rear earth oxides on the supports,themetal-support (additives) interaction and the influence of rare earth oxideadditives on the dispersion of active components,catulytic activities,variationof nickel crystallites size,CO chemisorption,formation of NiAl_2O_4 as well asthe reducibility of the catalysts were examined.The presence of rare earthoxides in the Ni/Al_2O_3 (developed surface) results in great improvement ofstubility through suppressing the growth of Ni crystallites,the oxidation of themetallic Ni and the formation of NiAl_2O_4. The effect of heavy rare earth oxidesis more distinct than that of the light ones.Strong metal support interaction(SMSI) exists in Ni/Al_2O_3- R     

Relative activity of La2O3, LaOCl, and LaCl3 in reaction with CCl4 studied with infrared spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations

Relative activity of La2O3, LaOCl, and LaCl3 in the destructive adsorption of CCl4 to CO2 was studied with density-functional theory calculations and temperature-programmed reaction experiments monitored with IR spectroscopy. Integral absorbance of the IR peak for phosgene, which is a reaction intermediate, was obtained as a function of temperature, and initial reaction temperatures were compared for different sample amounts of La2O3 and LaOCl. The initial reaction temperatures of about 390 K for La2O3 and 365 K for LaOCl were practically independent of the tested sample weights, and the lower temperature for LaOCl was attributed to a higher activity of surface sites on this material. Calculations suggest that CCl4 decomposition proceeds through a stepwise Cl donation from CCl4 to the surface and that the overall rate is controlled by the first step: CCl4 splitting into a Cl anion and CCl3 cation over an acid-base pair of surface sites. A lanthanum acid site in the pair initiates the split by interacting with one of the chlorine atoms in CCl4, and an oxygen base site stabilizes the remaining CCl3 fragment. Transition state estimates suggest that the relative activity of surface sites can be ranked in the following order: LaOCl > LaCl3 with a partially dechlorinated surface > La2O3. Surface Lewis acidity and basicity of these materials are summarized in terms of the vibrational frequency for adsorbed CO, energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, and proton affinity. Higher activity of LaOCl is attributed to the higher acidity of the lanthanum site, the higher basicity of the oxygen site, and the geometry of the acid-base pair of sites that allows them to interact with CCl4 simultaneously.     

The Effect of Sc<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> on the Physicochemical Properties of Low-Melting Cryolite Melts КF–AlF<Subscript>3</Subscript> and КF–NaF–AlF<Subscript>3</Subscript>

Quasibinary phase diagrams of the system “low-melting cryolite–Sc₂O₃” the potential media for synthesizing alloyed alloys Al–Sc are plotted by the method of thermal analysis. The phase diagrams of (KF–NaF–AlF₃)–Sc₂O₃ with different content of NaF and the cryolite ratio (CR) 1.3 and 1.5 are the diagrams with simple eutectics. The liquidus temperature of the (KF–AlF₃)–Sc₂O₃ system increases with the increase in the Sc₂O₃ concentration due to the formation of a high-melting compound: potassium hexafluoroscandiate К₃ScF₆. The solubility of Sc₂O₃ in low-melting cryolite melts KF–NaF–AlF₃ increases with the increase in temperature and CR. In contrast Al₂O₃, the solubility of Sc₂O₃ in melts containing KF–AlF₃ with CR = 1.3–1.5 is much lower than in cryolite melts containing NaF. The conductivity of low-melting cryolite melts measured by the method of impedance spectroscopy decreases in proportion to the Sc₂O₃ concentration in the similar way as in salt melts containing Al₂O₃. Based on the experimental data obtained, the compositions of low-melting cryolite melts are proposed for the synthesis of doped Al–Sc alloys.     

制备条件及添加稀土对SO42- /ZrO2 -Al2O3固体超强酸酸性影响的研究

用共沉淀法制备了SO42-/ZrO2-Al2O3固体超强酸,并采用低温陈化和添加稀土La对其制备方法进行改进.通过样品催化正丁烷异构化反应考察了该固体超强酸中nZr和nAl的最佳配比为1∶ 2.该法制备的样品的IR显示,在1393 cm-1处的吸收峰强度较常温陈化样品大大增加.XRD分析表明,低温陈化和加入稀土添加剂的样品在650℃焙烧温度下,出现了亚稳态的ZrO2 四方晶相的晶体是表面酸性和催化活性增加的微观原因.样品催化合成八乙酸蔗糖酯反应结果同样证明,在相同的时间内,低温陈化和添加稀土添加剂的样品具有较好的催化活性.     

EFFECTS OF RARE EARTH OXIDE ADDITIVES ON STABILITY OF Ni/Al_2O_3 CATALYSTS FOR METHANE STEAM REFORMING REACTION

The stability and the high temperature steam resistance of Ni/Al2O3 catalysis added with rare earth oxides were investigated. It was found that the addition of rare earth oxides resulted in great improvement in the stability and high temperature steam resistance of the catalysts through suppressing the growth of Ni crystallite, the oxidation of metal Ni and the formation of NiAl2O4.     

PROMOTING EFFECT OF RARE EARTH OXIDES ON Ni/Re_xO_y-Al_2O_3 CATALYST FOR PARTIAL OXIDATION OF METHANE TO SYNTHESIS GAS

IntroductionSynthesisgas(HZ CO)isproducedfrommethanemoshybysteamrefonningwhichsuffersfromlimitationssuchasveryhighenergyrequirements,complicatedequipmentandinstallations,highHZ/COproductratioandpoorselectivityforcarbonmonoxide.Recently,manyresearchershave…     

含稀土氨合成催化剂还原的研究

氨合成铁催化剂中添加稀土氧化物已有不少报道,有的活性有所提高.我们通过添加稀土. 调整催化剂组成和改进制工艺得到几种活性较高,而且是非常容易还原的催化剂.本文的目的是研究稀土氧化物对催化剂还原性能的影响及几种活性较高容易还原的含稀土催化剂的本征还原动力学.     

以TiCl4为钛源合成钛硅分子筛

Since titanium silicalite-1 (TS-1) was first prepared by Taramasso et al[1] in 1983,the synthesis of TS-1 and its application in partial oxidation have become a hotspot in the zeolite catalytic field.For the traditional synthesis route of TS-1,the key problem is its costly price and severe synthesis conditions,which hamper its industrial application.To avoid using costly alkali-free tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH) as a template,Müller et al[2] reported that TS-1 could be synthesized using tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPABr) as a template with ammonia as the base to adjust the basicity of the gel.