酶生物燃料电池自供能传感器的研究现状及应用

在现代分析领域中,对于生物传感器的要求不断倾向于微型化和便捷化。基于酶型生物燃料电池的自供能传感器在检测目标物的同时可以提供能量,避免了外电源的使用,为生物传感器的微型化和便捷化发展提供了有效途径,日益成为人们关注的焦点。本文按照设计原理进行分类,对近五年内发展的基于酶型生物燃料电池的自供能传感器进行了综述,并展望了其今后的研究趋势和应用前景。     

可穿戴式微流控芯片在体液检测和药物递送中的研究进展

可穿戴式微流控芯片在医疗、体育、军事等领域具有广泛的应用潜力,利用可穿戴式微流控芯片对人体体液进行实时监测,可以通过芯片与皮肤的接触,方便地对汗液、泪液、唾液等体液进行采集,并分析和传输数据,可以实时获取汗液pH值以及血糖、乳酸盐、钠/钾离子、钙离子、重金属等的含量的信息,这些体液信息对于个体生命体征的实时监测和疾病诊断有着重要的指示性作用.本文介绍了近年来可穿戴式微流控芯片在体液检测和药物递送方面的最新研究进展,以及利用可穿戴式微流控芯片进行生命体征监测的应用案例.本文还简要介绍了利用可穿戴式微流控芯片进行精准药物递送的最新研究动向和应用进展,并对可穿戴式微流控芯片发展过程可能遇到的问题进行了分析,对未来融合发展的前景进行了展望.     

基于智能纤维和纺织品的可穿戴生物传感器

随着社会经济发展,人们越来越重视身体健康,对医疗设备的智能化、便携性、准确性要求越来越高。在此背景下,可穿戴生物传感器的市场需求不断提升。智能纤维和纺织品能够满足透气性和可穿戴性的要求,应用在可穿戴生物传感器中能够实时监测人们的身体状况,包括脉搏、呼吸、肢体运动等生命体征监测,汗液、唾液等成分分析和呼出物的检测。相比于传统的生物传感器,基于智能纤维和纺织品的可穿戴生物传感器可用于现场即时监测,从疾病预防、改善临床结果和生活质量到提高生产力、减轻医疗负担和降低医疗成本都发挥着重要作用。在这里,本文主要介绍了近几年智能纤维和纺织品在可穿戴生物传感器中的应用,按照生命体征监测、体液分析和呼出物检测这三个方面,对其传感策略例如比色传感、荧光传感、压电式传感等进行介绍。最后,我们对智能纤维与纺织品在可穿戴生物传感器中的应用状况以及面临的问题进行总结,并对其在可穿戴生物传感器的未来发展进行展望。     

生物燃料电池的研究进展

简要介绍生物燃料电池的工作原理、分类,归纳近年来国内外研究现状.讨论了电子传递媒介体在生物燃料电池中的作用以及如何提高电池性能的对策.最后,探讨了影响生物燃料电池研究进展的瓶颈,并展望其应用前景.     

酶生物燃料电池

综述了酶生物燃料电池的研究进展，特别是近年来在电池结构、性能以及电池的正极和负极研究等方面的成果。详细介绍了酶燃料电池中酶电极的制备方法和用于酶电极修饰材料的研究现状，对酶燃料电池研究中需要解决的问题和发展方向进行了探讨。     

柔性电池的最新研究进展

柔性电池作为新型柔性电子设备的关键部件,得到越来越多的关注.近年来,柔性锂离子电池取得了实质性的发展,并在卷曲式显示器、触摸屏、可穿戴动力传感器和可植入医疗装置等方面得到应用.本文主要介绍柔性锂离子电池的发展现状,分别从集流体、电极材料和电解质三部分进行阐述,特别介绍拉伸性能的实现途径,根据其不同的结构特点,可以分为波形结构、点阵互联结构、纺织结构、折纸结构和电缆式结构,并提出将柔性材料与新型结构相结合可以促进柔性电池发展.同时,也对其他柔性电池体系,如锂硫电池、燃料电池和太阳能电池等的最新发展进行简单概述.最后,对目前柔性电池的发展过程中存在的问题进行了总结,并对其未来的发展方向与面临的挑战进行展望.     

可视化柔性可穿戴传感器研究进展

柔性可穿戴传感器具有轻质、共形性好和生物安全性高等特点,在军事、医疗健康和运动等领域展现出广阔的应用前景。可视化是柔性可穿戴传感器的一个重要发展方向,对于丰富传感器功能和扩展其应用领域具有重要意义。本文综述了近年来可视化柔性可穿戴传感器的研究和应用进展,总结了现有的可视化传感器种类及其作用机理,重点介绍了基于发光或变色进行可视化传感的柔性可穿戴传感器。最后,讨论了可视化柔性可穿戴传感器所面临的机遇和挑战。     

微生物燃料电池在传感分析中的应用及研究进展

微生物燃料电池(Microbial fuel cell,MFC)是一种利用微生物将化学能直接转化为电能的装置.近年来,除改善微生物燃料电池的输出性能外,研究者也不断开发其在传感分析中的应用.基于微生物燃料电池的传感分析装置无需外加电源,具有操作简单、可连续检测等优点,是一种极具应用前景的传感分析技术.本文依据这些传感分析装置的用途进行分类,主要综述了微生物燃料电池在检测分析生化需氧量(BOD)、挥发性脂肪酸、毒性物质、微生物活性和数量以及其它方面的研究,并对其发展趋势和应用前景进行了展望.     

载酶纳米催化体系用于疾病诊疗的研究进展

酶作为一种具有高度特异性和高效性的催化剂, 可在细胞器中通过复杂有序的生化反应调节细胞的代谢过程. 受细胞区隔化结构的启发, 仿生设计纳米酶催化体系、 构筑限域酶催化微环境从而提高酶催化活性的研究为酶催化应用开辟了新思路. 纳米催化体系保留了小尺寸、 大比表面积、 肿瘤部位选择性富集等优势, 在疾病的诊疗方面发挥了巨大的优势. 本文首先总结了天然酶、 模拟酶和级联酶体系的催化机理, 对仿生构筑的纳米酶催化材料的载体体系进行了概述, 介绍了纳米酶催化体系在生物成像方面的应用, 讨论了其在相关代谢类疾病的作用途径, 并对纳米酶催化体系用于生物诊疗的发展前景进行了展望.     

脂肪酸光脱羧酶及其在有机合成中应用的研究进展

生物基脂肪酸是极具应用潜力的可再生资源。以绿色、低碳的方式对生物基脂肪酸进行转化合成高价值的化学品和燃料可满足现代社会可持续发展的迫切需要,也符合绿色生物制造的需求。生物催化因反应条件温和、选择性高等特点受到众多学者的广泛关注,其中,近年来新发现的由可见光驱动的脂肪酸光脱羧酶（fatty acid photodecarboxyase, CvFAP）可催化不同链长的脂肪酸进行脱羧反应用来合成燃料和化学品,反应过程具有极高原子经济性,在绿色催化工艺及能源领域具有广阔的应用前景。本综述旨在对脂肪酸光脱羧酶（CvFAP）的最新研究进展进行总结分析,并对脂肪酸光脱羧酶的发展趋势进行展望,以期为脂肪酸光脱羧酶（CvFAP）在绿色合成领域的进一步开发利用提供参考。     

Effects of Substitution Position of Carbazole-Dibenzofuran Based High Triplet Energy Hosts to Device Stability of Blue Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

High triplet energy hosts were developed through the modification of the substitution position of carbazole units. Two carbazole-dibenzofuran-derived compounds, 9,9′-(dibenzo[b,d]furan-2,6-diyl)bis(9H-carbazole) (26CzDBF) and 4,6-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)dibenzo[b,d]furan (46CzDBF), were synthesized for achieving high triplet energy hosts. In comparison with the reported hole transport type host, 2,8-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)dibenzo[b,d]furan (28CzDBF), 26CzDBF and 46CzDBF maintained high triplet energy over 2.95 eV. The device performances of the hosts were evaluated with electron transport type host, 2-phenyl-4, 6-bis(3-(triphenylsilyl)phenyl)-1,3,5-triazine (mSiTrz), to comprise a mixed host system. The deep blue phosphorescent device of 26CzDBF:mSiTrz with [[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-phenyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyrazin-1-yl-2(3H)-ylidene]-1,2-phenylene]bis[[6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-phenyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyrazin-1-yl-2(3H)-ylidene]-1,2-phenylene]iridium (Ir(cb)₃) dopant exhibited high external quantum efficiency of 22.9% with a color coordinate of (0.14, 0.16) and device lifetime of 1400 h at 100 cd m⁻². The device lifetime was extended by 75% compared to the device lifetime of 28CzDBF:mSiTrz (800 h). These results demonstrated that the asymmetric and symmetric substitution of carbazole can make differences in the device performance of the carbazole- and dibenzofuran- derived hosts.     

Influence of Buckminsterfullerene Doping on Properties of Phosphorescent Homojunction Organic Light-Emitting Device

By p-doping buckminsterfullerene (C60) into a bipolar host 2,7-bis(diphenylphos-phorryl)-9-[4-(N,N-dipheny-lamino)phenyl]-9-phenylfluorene, the device efficiency of the phosphorescent homojunction organic light-emitting device (HJOLED) was pronouncedly enhanced. A two-fold enhancement in luminous efficacy compared with nondoped or MoO₃ doped HJOLEDs was observed by employing C60 as the p-dopant. The influence of C60 doping on the device performances of this HJOLED was investigated by carefully analyzing the J-V-L characteristics of HJOLEDs with different hole transporting layer. A white HJOLED was also successfully fabricated. The maximum brightness, current efficiency and power efficiency were 22700 cd m^?2, 12.2 cd A^?1 and 7.7 lm W, respectively. This device showed a warm EL spectra and the CIE coordinates was (0.41, 0.44) @ 10 V. Besides, this device manifested lower efficiency roll-off.     

Synthesis and photovoltaic properties of new europium complex Eu（DBM）3（CPyBM）

A new europium（Ⅲ） complex, tris（dibertzoylmethanate）{ 1-[9-hexyl-9-carbazole]-2-（2-pyridyl）-bertzimidazole}europium（Ⅲ） [Eu（DBM）a（CPyBM）] was synthesized and used as an electron-acceptor and electron-transport layer in organic photovoltaic （PV） device. Power conversion efficiency achieved from the device was 1.04% under illumination with 365 nm UV light at 1.6 mW/cm^2. Compared with the previous reported devices based on Eu（Ⅲ） complexes, the PV performances were improved. The working mechanism of the organic PV device was discussed.     

固态光电催化器件 ITO/TiO2/ITO 的构型和机制

 采用浸渍-提拉法将 TiO₂ 薄膜负载在具有一定电极构型的氧化铟锡 (ITO) 基底上, 制备了全固态 TiO₂ 平面型器件 (ITO/TiO₂/ITO). 采用扫描电镜对器件的表面形貌和膜厚进行了表征. 以紫外光下器件光电协同催化降解罗丹明 B(RhB) 为模型反应, 考察了器件的构型和空穴捕获剂 (乙醇) 对其光电催化性能的影响. 结果表明, 初始浓度为 10 mg/L 的 RhB 在 1.5 V 偏压和 NaCl (1.5 mol/L) 为电解质的条件下, 光照 60 min 脱色率达到 83%; 阳极面积较大的器件光电催化性能较好, 刻蚀宽度为 2 mm 时光电催化活性最高; 空穴与 TiO₂表面吸附的 H₂O 氧化生成的羟基自由基对液相光电催化降解 RhB 起着重要作用.     

Fabrication of coloured liquid crystal device using photoluminescent biomolecular chlorophyll

We fabricated a coloured liquid crystal (LC) device using photoluminescent biomolecular chlorophyll. The chlorophyll molecule, which is inexpensive because of its abundance in nature, was doped in the LCs for manufacturing the coloured LC device. We confirmed the green colour property of the LC doped with chlorophyll dye using UV-vis spectroscopy. Although the LC cell filled with 0.5 wt% chlorophyll showed good vertical alignment and fast response time, the doping of LC medium with 1.5 wt% chlorophyll resulted in imperfect vertical alignment and slowed response time due to the aggregation of chlorophyll molecules at high concentration. Furthermore, the photoluminescence (PL) characteristics of the LC doped with chlorophyll were investigated using PL spectroscopy. The coloured LC cell doped with chlorophyll dye showed emission in the red wave number region under UV light. As the LC doped with chlorophyll exhibited good colour performance, conventional colour filter layers could be avoided with the employment of the proposed coloured LC device. By controlling the light source, it is possible to apply the advanced LC device for colour switching. Moreover, a full-colour-switching LC device can be realised using various biomolecular dyes that can emit other colours.     

烯烃取代的紫罗精合成及全固态电致变色器件

合成了2种烯烃取代的紫罗精分子,通过核磁、红外和紫外测试技术对其结构进行了确证。循环伏安表明,它们都有2个明显的可逆氧化还原峰;并以PEO胶体聚电解质为离子导电层组装出了基于所合成化合物,低能耗、无辐射的全固态电致变色器件,总厚度约2.35mm,同溶液型电致变色器件相比较,全固态化可以提高器件在变色-褪色和开路延时记忆等方面的性能,且固态电致变色器件制作工艺相对简单,便于规模化生产。经优化后制作的电致变色器件施加1.1～3V的电压可产生明显的蓝色或紫色,断电后开路延时记忆可以达到3d。实验测试出大多数器件响应时间小于50ms,循环次数在百万次以上,主要性能指标已经达到电子墨水的显示要求。     

A Luteolin‐Loaded Electrospun Fibrous Implantable Device for Potential Therapy of Gout Attacks

The recurrence of acute gout attacks remains an unsolved problem in clinical therapy. In order to tackle this problem, poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL)/gelatin composite fibrous devices loaded with luteolin are presented via electrospinning for the therapy of gout and its recurrence. The luteolin‐loaded fibrous device has the capability of inhibiting metabolic activities and reducing inflammation‐associated cytokine productions (TNF‐a, IL‐1β, IL‐6) that are secreted by lipopolysaccharide stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The device can also suppress the reaction activities of xanthine oxidase for 7 d in vitro. In vivo, acute gout model is established by injecting monosodium urate (MSU) crystals into New Zealand rabbits' knees, then the luteolin‐loaded PCL/gelatin (5:5) nanofiber device is implanted near the gout sites. The results show that the device can alleviate the acute gouty arthritis. In the mean time, the luteolin‐loaded PCL fiber device with a longer drug release profile is implanted in a recurrent gout model, which is constructed by injecting MSU crystals into rabbits' knees three times. The results on day 21 reveal that this device has the potential to overcome the recurrence of gout. Therefore, the drug‐loaded polymer fiber device can be an inspiration for potential gout therapy to overcome recurrent attacks.

     

Rapid pre-concentration of Escherichia coli in a microfluidic paper-based device using ion concentration polarization

We report a microfluidic paper based analytical device implementing ion concentration polarization (ICP) for rapid pre-concentration of Escherichia coli in water. The fabricated device consists of a paper channel with a Nafion^® membrane and in-built micro wire electrodes to supply electric voltage to induce the ICP effect. E. coli cells were stained with SYTO 9 and fluorescence was used as a sensing method. The device achieved high concentration factor up to 2 × 10⁵ within minutes. The effect of total ion concentration, on ICP and fluorescence intensity was studied. The reported device and method are suitable and effective for detection of E. coli during ballast water quality monitoring, coastal water quality monitoring where high salinity water is present.     

新型三通道渗透管装置的研制

介绍了自行设计和研制的新型三通道渗透管装置。利用计算机控制和监测渗透池温度、气体流量以及混合气浓度等参数,利用采集的数据可对装置的稳定性进行评价。对装置进行了分流设计,以确保不同通道的气体能够快速混合均匀。该装置可以实现在保证输出混合气流量不变的情况下,快速改变不同通道混合气的摩尔分数,从而达到校准仪器的目的。