载酶纳米催化体系用于疾病诊疗的研究进展

酶作为一种具有高度特异性和高效性的催化剂, 可在细胞器中通过复杂有序的生化反应调节细胞的代谢过程. 受细胞区隔化结构的启发, 仿生设计纳米酶催化体系、 构筑限域酶催化微环境从而提高酶催化活性的研究为酶催化应用开辟了新思路. 纳米催化体系保留了小尺寸、 大比表面积、 肿瘤部位选择性富集等优势, 在疾病的诊疗方面发挥了巨大的优势. 本文首先总结了天然酶、 模拟酶和级联酶体系的催化机理, 对仿生构筑的纳米酶催化材料的载体体系进行了概述, 介绍了纳米酶催化体系在生物成像方面的应用, 讨论了其在相关代谢类疾病的作用途径, 并对纳米酶催化体系用于生物诊疗的发展前景进行了展望.

Advances in Enzyme-load Nanocatalytic Systems for Disease Detection and Treatment

Enzymes are highly specific and efficient catalysts that regulate cellular metabolic processes through complex and sequential biochemical reactions in the organelle. Inspired by cellular compartmentalization structures， the bionic design of nano-enzyme catalytic systems was studied to construct a structural domain-constrained enzyme catalytic microenvironments to effectively remove the substrate diffusion barriers and improve the catalytic activity of enzyme， which opened up new ideas for catalytic applications of enzymes. In addition， the small size， large specific surface area， and the electron paramagnetic resonance（EPR） effect at the tumor site make nanocatalytic systems a great advantages in the treatment of diseases. This paper firstly outlines the progress of the research on bio-nanostructured nanoenzyme catalytic systems in disease diagnosis and treatment， followed by a detailed review of the catalytic mechanisms of natural enzymes， mimetic enzymes， and cascade enzyme systems. The application of nanoenzyme catalytic systems in bioimaging and their pathways of action in related metabolic diseases were introduced. Finally， the outlook on the development of nanoenzyme catalytic systems for bio diagnosis and treatment was proposed.