反相高效液相色谱法同时测定防晒化妆品中的防腐剂和防晒剂

 用反相高效液相色谱法实现了对化妆品中4种防腐剂（对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯、对羟基苯甲酸丁酯）和6种防晒剂（2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮-5-磺酸、2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮、水杨酸苯酯、对甲氧基肉桂酸辛酯、对二甲基氨基苯甲酸辛酯、水杨酸辛酯）的分离测定。各组分回收率（n=6）为87.2%～106.5%;相对标准偏差（n=6）为1.2%～3.3%。     

水杨酸分子印迹分离介质的水相制备及色谱行为

以水杨酸为模板分子,2-乙烯基吡啶为功能单体,在甲醇/水体系中制备了水杨酸分子印迹聚合物,并将其作为高效液色谱分离介质研究了其对水杨酸及水杨酸的位置异物体———对羟基苯甲酸的色谱行为。结果表明,该聚合物固定相表现出良好的分离选择性,能够使水杨酸与对羟基苯甲酸快速基线分离。通过对流动相组成与色谱分离效果关系的探讨,证实溶质与印迹固定相的疏水相互作用是分子识别的主要作用力。     

交替三线性分解算法用于水杨酸和2,5-二羟基苯甲酸的荧光法同时测定

水杨酸 (SA)、2 ,5 二羟基苯甲酸 (GA)和对 氨基苯甲酸 (PABA)的荧光光谱相互重叠。用交替三线性分解二阶校正法对PABA共存下的SA和GA进行了同时荧光测定 ,SA和GA的回收率分别为 (1 0 1 2± 1 9) %和 (97 1 6±1 0 4 ) %。     

BDD电极电催化生成羟基自由基的检测

采用直流等离子体化学气相沉积方法制备了硼掺杂金刚石(BDD)薄膜电极。以水杨酸(SA)为羟基自由基捕获剂,测定了在BDD电极电催化电解过程中产生的羟基自由基的规律及相应的电催化机理。研究发现SA与·OH反应形成的羟基化产物为2,5-二羟基苯甲酸(2,5-DHBA),没有检测到2,3-二羟基苯甲酸(2,3-DHBA);确定了在BDD电极体系中,当电解条件为10 m A/cm2时,最适宜的检测条件为捕获剂SA的初始浓度为7 mmol/L,反应时间控制在30 min以内。通过计算得到10 m A/cm2条件下,·OH的生成速率为5.789 mol/(L·min)。     

高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中10种限用物质

建立了乙腈超声提取、高效液相色谱/二极管阵列检测快速测定化妆品中的氢醌、水杨酸、苯酚、苯氧乙醇、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯、对羟基苯甲酸丁酯、双氯酚、三氯生10种限用物质含量的分析方法.对提取方法、液相色谱条件和检测条件进行了优化,10种限用物质标准溶液的线性范围为0.01～0.1g/L,50...     

交联聚苯乙烯重氮盐的制备及其应用于偶合反应

通过大孔苯乙烯-二乙烯苯共聚体的硝化、还原和重氮化反应制得的交联聚苯乙烯重氮盐分别同取代酚(或芳香胺)羧酸或磺酸化合物(如水杨酸、对羟基苯甲酸、2,4-二羟基苯甲酸、没食子酸、2-羟基-3-羧基萘、磺基水杨酸、对氨基苯磺酸、4-羟基萘磺酸)和水杨醛等进行偶合反应制得了一类新型阳离子交换树脂。另外,还研究了反应介质的pH值和偶合试剂的结构等因素对偶合反应的影响。合成的离子交换树脂对铜离子和铁离子等有良好的选择性和对某些维生素和抗菌素有好的吸附-解吸性能。     

毛细管电泳非接触电导检测分离测定水杨酸及其羟基化产物

利用自组装的毛细管电泳非接触电导检测装置建立了水杨酸（SA,羟基自由基捕获剂）及其羟基化产物2,3-二羟基苯甲酸（2,3-DHBA）和2,5-二羟基苯甲酸（2,5-DHBA）的分离测定方法。在最佳条件下10min内即可完成分离,其线性范围为0．03～15．0mg·L^-1L^-1,检出限（S／N=3）为0．01mg·L^-1,对0．7mg·L^-1混合溶液进行测定,SA、2,3-DHBA和2,5-DHBA峰面积的相对标准偏差（n=8）依次为2.9％,3．2％,3．6％。     

HPLC-ECD检测羟自由基方法的研究

采用高效液相色谱结合库仑阵列多电极检测器体系(HPLC-ECD)建立了一套操作简便、高效、快速测定羟自由基的方法,并探究了检测的灵敏性,浓度和响应因子之间的线性关系,系统的稳定性等.2,3-二羟基苯甲酸(2,3-DHBA)、 2,5-二羟基苯甲酸(2,5-DHBA)以及水杨酸(SA)的相关系数分别为0.9999、 0.9996、 0.9968.2,3-DHBA和2,5-DHBA的检出限都低于0.1 ng/mL,SA的检出限均低于10 ng/mL,各种物质的方法回收率为100.5%～102.9%.     

2,4-二羟基苯甲酸铜(Ⅱ)的合成

以CuSO4.5H2O为原料,2,4-二羟基苯甲酸为沉淀剂,采用沉淀法直接合成了平台燃烧催化剂2,4-二羟基苯甲酸铜(Ⅱ)的超细粉末,其结构经IR,TG-DTG和元素分析表征。     

胶束电动毛细管色谱法测定板蓝根中苯甲酸、水杨酸和邻氨基苯甲酸

采用胶束电动毛细管色谱法对板蓝根中芳香酸类化合物苯甲酸、水杨酸和邻氨基苯甲酸进行了分离测定。电泳介质(pH 9.8)为20 mmol.L-1硼砂、30 mmol.L-1十二烷基硫酸钠、2 mmol.L-1β-环糊精和4%(体积分数)甲醇组成的混合溶液,以对-羟基苯甲酸为内标,分离电压为16 kV,检测波长为250 nm。在优化的试验条件下,苯甲酸、水杨酸和邻氨基苯甲酸的线性范围分别为40～240 mg.L-1,64～320 mg.L-1和40～400 mg.L-1,检出限(3S/N)依次为0.64,1.08,1.36 mg.L-1。应用此方法分析了板蓝根样品,测定回收率在93.3%～104.2%之间。     

Simultaneous analysis of small organic acids and humic acids using high performance size exclusion chromatography

An accurate and fast method for simultaneous determination of small organic acids and much larger humic acids was developed using high performance size exclusion chromatography. Two small organic acids, i.e. salicylic acid and 2,3‐dihydroxybenzoic acid, and one purified humic acid material were used in this study. Under the experimental conditions, the UV peaks of salicylic acid and 2,3‐dihydroxybenzoic acid were well separated from the peaks of humic acid in the chromatogram. Concentrations of the two small organic acids could be accurately determined from their peak areas. The concentration of humic acid in the mixture could then be derived from mass balance calculations. The measured results agreed well with the nominal concentrations. The detection limits are 0.05 mg/L and 0.01 mg/L for salicylic acid and 2,3‐dihydroxybenzoic acid, respectively. Applicability of the method to natural samples was tested using groundwater, glacier, and river water samples (both original and spiked with salicylic acid and 2,3‐dihydroxybenzoic acid) with a total organic carbon concentration ranging from 2.1 to 179.5 mg C/L. The results obtained are promising, especially for groundwater samples and river water samples with a total organic carbon concentration below 9 mg C/L.     

HPLC analysis of in vivo intestinal absorption and oxidative metabolism of salicylic acid in the rat

In vivo absorption and oxidative metabolism of salicylic acid in rat small intestine was studied by luminal perfusion experiment. Perfusion through the lumen of proximal jejunum with isotonic medium containing 250 μm sodium salicylate was carried out. Absorption of salicylate was measured by a validated HPLC‐DAD method which was evaluated for a number of validation characteristics (specificity, repeatability and intermediate precision, limit of detection, limit of quantification, linearity and accuracy). The method was linear over the concentration range 0.5–50 μg/mL. After liquid–liquid extraction of the perfusion samples oxidative biotransformation of salicylate was also investigated by HPLC‐MS. The method was linear over the concentration range 0.25–5.0 μg/mL. Two hydroxylated metabolites of salicylic acid (2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid and 2,3‐dihydroxybenzoic acid) were detected and identified. The mean recovery of extraction was 72.4% for 2,3‐DHB, 72.5% for 2,5‐DHB and 50.1% for salicylic acid, respectively. The methods were successfully applied to investigate jejunal absorption and oxidative metabolism of sodium salicylate in experimental animals. The methods provide analytical background for further metabolic studies of salycilates under modified physiological conditions.     

Study on sensitivity development of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid by capillary zone electrophoresis-amperometric detection with p-methyl benzoate as stacking agent

For its high reactivity and very short half-life, the hydroxyl radical (OH.) in vivo is very difficult to be detected. Usually, it is indirectly quantified by determining 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHBA) and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5-DHBA), which are the reaction products of salicylic acid (SA) and OH.. Because 2,5-DHBA could be directly formed by the P(450) enzyme, only 2,3-DHBA is regarded as the real biomarker of OH.in biological studies. But the very low concentration of OH* in human bodies makes its determination very difficult and complicated. In this paper, a simple online stacking capillary zone electrophoresis coupled with amperometric detection (CZE-AD) method was explored to improve the detection sensitivity of 2,3-DHBA to reach the requirements in biological analysis. A mixture solution of 12.5 mmol/L Na(2)B(4)O(7)-25 mmol/L NaH(2)PO(4) (pH 7.9) was used as the running buffer and p-methyl benzoate was selected as a suitable stacker. The effects of the concentration, pH value, and injection time of p-methyl benzoate on stacking efficiency were carefully studied. Under the optimum stacking CZE-AD conditions, the detection sensitivity of 2,3-DHBA was improved about 20-fold and its detection limit reached the 10(-9) mol/L level. The experimental results showed that this was a potential method to determine OH* in vivo.     

Towards an integrated microfluidic device for spaceflight clinical diagnostics Microchip-based solid-phase extraction of hydroxyl radical markers

A microchip-based solid-phase extraction method for biological fluid small molecule analysis has been developed. Using a commercially available copolymer packed into a microchip channel, extraction and preconcentration of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA) and 2,5-DHBA from saliva was achieved. The metabolites, formed from salicylic acid by reactive oxygen species, can be used as markers of oxidative stress. The results show high recovery of both metabolites (>90+/-15% for spiked saliva) with an 80-fold concentration enhancement possible. The eluent is directly analyzed using capillary electrophoresis, with good resolution for the two metabolites. This study demonstrates the feasibility of future integrated microdevices for spaceflight small molecule biomarker analysis.     

Enhancing the selectivity of an iron binding hydrogel

Iron overload is a critical clinical condition that can be controlled by diet and the use of iron-specific chelating agents. An effective oral formulation of an iron chelator should be nontoxic and selective toward iron while maintaining high affinity for iron. In this study, hydrogels containing 2,3 dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3 DHBA), a portion of the metal chelating domain of enterobactin, were synthesized as a potential non-absorbed chelator for iron in the gastrointestinal tract. A series of polymeric chelators with various hydrogel:DHBA ratios were prepared. The iron-binding properties of the hydrogels were found to depend on the concentration of 2,3 DHBA groups on polymer chains. A 0.005 ratio of PAAm:DHBA was found to have an optimum affinity (log K = 27.01), selectivity, and high binding capacity for Fe(III).     

Determination of hydroxyl radical by capillary electrophoresis and studies on hydroxyl radical scavenging activities of Chinese herbs

High-performance capillary electrophoresis (CE) with electrochemical detection (ED) was employed to determine hydroxyl radicals in the Fenton reaction. Hydroxyl radicals can react with salicylic acid to produce 2,3-dihydroxy benzoic acid and 2,5-dihydroxy benzoic acid, which can be analyzed by CE-ED. Based on this principle, hydroxyl radicals were determined indirectly. In a 20 mmol/L phosphate running buffer (pH 7.4), 2,3-dihydroxy benzoic acid and 2,5-dihydroxy benzoic acid would elute simultaneously from the capillary within 6 min. As the working electrode, a 300 m diameter carbon-disk electrode exhibits good responses at +0.60 V (vs. SCE) for the two analytes. Peak currents of the two analytes are additive. Excellent linearity was obtained in the concentration range from 1.0×10^-3 mol/L to 5.0×10^-6 mol/L for 2,3-dihydroxy benzoic acid. The detection limit (S/N=3) was 2.0×10^-6 mol/L. This method was successfully applied for studying hydroxyl radical scavenging activities of Chinese herbs. It is testified that Apocynum Venetum L., Jinkgo bibola L., Morus alba L. and Rhododendron dauricum L. have strong hydroxyl radical scavenging activities.     

锡(Ⅳ)-3,4-二羟基苯甲酸-钒(Ⅳ) 体系极谱吸附催化波的研究

在含有 3.6×10-3mol/L 的 VOSO4、6.0×10-5mol/L 的 3,4-二羟基苯甲酸(DHBA)、 0.1mol/L 的甲酸盐缓冲溶液(pH3.3)体系中,Sn(Ⅳ)-DHBA 络合物产生一灵敏的吸附平行催化波,峰电位在 -0.52 V(vs.SCE).二次导数波高与锡浓度在 3.4×10-10～5.1×10-7mol/L 范围内呈良好线性关系.检出限达浓度 2×10-10mol/L .研究了催化波的性质和电极反应机理.方法已应用于罐头食品中微量锡的测定.     

分子印迹电化学传感器检测水杨酸

以水杨酸(SA)为模板分子,邻苯二胺(o-PPD)及吡咯(Py)为复合功能单体,在石墨烯修饰的玻碳电极表面制备分子印迹电化学传感器(MIP/GO/GCE),用扫描电镜(SEM)观察印迹膜的表面形貌,方波伏安法(SWV)和循环伏安法(CV)对分子印迹传感器的性能进行表征。通过优化实验条件,显示SA浓度在1.0×10-8~1.0×10-2 mol/L范围内,分子印迹传感器峰电流与SA浓度负对数具有良好的线性关系,检出限为8.6×10-9 mol/L。该传感器对SA具有良好的选择性,样品回收率为101%~106%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.8%。SA分子印迹传感器的制备简单、抗干扰性好、灵敏度高、成本低廉,具有较好实用价值。     

多壁纳米管修饰电极电催化3,4-二羟基苯甲酸研究

应用循环伏安(CV)和方波伏安(SWV)法研究3,4-二羟基苯甲酸(DHBA)在多壁碳纳米管修饰的玻碳电极上的电化学行为.实验表明:该修饰电极对DHBA有较强的电催化作用.由方波伏安法测定的氧化峰电流在DHBA浓度为4.0×10-6~1.0×10-4mol/L和2.0×10-4~8.0×10-4mol/L范围内分段呈线性变化关系;相关系数各为0.9995和0.9992,检测限1.0×10-6mol/L.     

水杨酸在多壁碳纳米管修饰电极上的电化学行为及其测定

用循环伏安法(CV)研究了水杨酸(SA)在多壁碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极上的电化学行为,并初步探讨了反应机理.实验结果表明,水杨酸在该电极上为一个2e/H~+的完全不可逆过程.在pH=5.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS)中,用循环伏安法在该电极上测定了水杨酸.方法线性范围为2.0×10~(-5)～1.0×10~(-3)mol/L,检出限为8.93×10~(-6)mol/L.将该电极用于药品分析,结果令人满意.