在线化学蒸气发生ICP-AES法测定水中痕量碘

建立了抗坏血酸-亚硝酸钠-ICP-AES测定水中痕量碘(I-+IO3-)的方法。采用自制的化学蒸气发生器,通过在线化学蒸气发生技术进样提高了灵敏度,选用183.038nm作为分析线消除了磷的干扰,检出限为4.0μg.L-1,样品加标回收率在90.6%~105.0%之间,RSD(n=6)在8%以内。     

离子色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定植物性样品中的碘及其形态

建立了离子色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用(IC-ICP/MS)测定植物性样品中碘及其形态的方法。采用碱提取法处理样品后,应用IC-ICP/MS检测植物样品中的碘离子和碘酸根;采用高温裂解法处理样品,使样品中各种形态的碘最终均转化为碘离子,然后应用IC-ICP/MS检测碘离子,从而实现总碘的测定。碘的方法检出限为0.010 mg/kg。碱提取法和高温裂解法处理样品的碘的加标回收率分别为89.6%～97.5%和95.2%～111.2%,结果令人满意。按照所建立的方法分别考察了紫菜、海带、圆白菜、茶叶、菠菜等常见植物性样品中碘的存在形式,结果表明,紫菜中的碘以有机碘为主,而海带、圆白菜、茶叶、菠菜中的碘则以无机碘为主。     

逆王水微波消解–电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定地球化学样品中的碘和溴

地球化学样品经微波辅助逆王水消解后,在氨性介质中采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法快速测定碘和溴的含量。取样量为0.1 g,逆王水的用量为1.6 mL,对样品进行程序化微波消解,通过在线加入内标校正基体效应和信号漂移对测定所造成的影响。碘、溴的检出限分别0.15,0.21μg/g,测定结果的相对标准偏差不大于5.0%(n=7),国家标准样品测定值与标示值相符。该方法在样品消解后加入定量氨水可直接分析,减小了碘测定的记忆效应,提高了分析速度,可应用于地球化学样品中碘和溴含量的测定。     

原子光谱／元素质谱技术——元素标签的可信解读工具（Ⅷ）

原子光谱／元素质谱对元素总量的分析从基本原理到应用已经基本成熟。特别是作为原子发射光谱的激发光源或元素质谱的离子源的电感耦合等离子体（ICP）出现后,元素检测的灵敏度有了显著提高,达到ppb-ppt的水平;另一方面,化学蒸气发生（chemical vapor generation）／化学衍生（chemical derivatization）技术不仅可使目标分析元素富集并与样品基体分离,而且当其作为原子光谱／元素质谱的进样手段时样品的进样效率大大地提高了,可达近100％,     

一种新型炭化装置的研制及其在单质硒检测中的应用

本文研制了一套新型装置,该装置可用于单质硒与其他氧化态硒的分离。整套装置采用硼硅酸盐玻璃材质,由玻璃杯底座和上盖腔体两部分组成,上盖腔体顶部连接空气冷凝管。当炭化温度设为300℃,时间设为30min时,玻璃杯底座样品中的单质硒挥发并在空气冷凝管内壁冷凝,用Na2S溶液收集后经氧化还原反应得到具有荧光的硒衍生物,采用荧光光谱法定量检测硒衍生物。方法测定单质硒的线性范围为0.0~1.6μg,相关系数R2=1.0000。5份硒粉的回收率实验表明:平均回收率为97.77%~103.34%,相对标准偏差为0.95%。将上述装置应用于Z0206细菌发酵的富硒多糖样品单质硒的检测,5份样品分析结果表明,单质硒的平均含量为1923.23μg/g。     

基于金纳米簇检测碘单质的荧光分析方法研究

以蛋白质保护的金纳米簇Au NCs@BSA作为荧光探针,高灵敏地检测碘含量。结果表明,碘单质可引起金纳米簇的荧光猝灭,在2.0 nmol/L~35μmol/L浓度范围内具有良好的线性响应关系,检出限为1.8nmol/L。利用建立的方法对水样中的碘单质进行定量测定,并与ICP-MS检测结果进行对比,结果证明该方法在实际样品的检测中具有应用潜力。同时基于Au NCs@BSA与碘浓度的依赖效应,改变温度,诱导荧光响应变化,利用热力学计算,深入探讨了Au NCs@BSA与碘单质之间的作用机理,圆二色谱与红外光谱的结果表明碘单质引起的配体BSA的蛋白二级结构变化,诱导了Au NCs@BSA的荧光猝灭。该文的机理研究为无机小分子与蛋白质保护的金纳米簇之间的相互作用提供了参考。     

超声提取-抗坏血酸还原-催化光度法测定土壤中的碘

建立超声提取-抗坏血酸还原-催化光度法测定土壤中碘含量的方法。将碳酸钠和氧化锌研磨后过孔径为0.25 mm筛，按质量比为3∶2混合均匀，制成艾斯卡试剂。将土壤样品与艾斯卡试剂半熔后用超声提取试样中的碘，分取上清液依次加入抗坏血酸和乙酸，使氧化态的碘和碘单质全部变为碘离子，最后加入4,4’-四甲基二氨基苯甲烷、氯胺T，用分光光度计测定。该方法碘元素的质量浓度在0.002 5～0.08 mg/L范围内与吸光度具有良好的线性关系，相关系数为0.999 5，检出限为0.25 mg/kg。采用所建方法对土壤样品进行6次平行测定，测定结果的相对标准偏差为3.50%～9.40%；对国家标准物质GBW 07409、GBW 07408a、GBW 07407a 3种标准物质进行测定，测定值均在标准值范围内，相对误差分别为3.41%、0.63%、1.05%。该方法适合于大批量土壤样品中碘的测定。     

海带提碘实验氧化条件的原理推导与实验验证

运用能斯特方程及电极电势进行推导,经过实验验证发现,海带中提取碘的氧化条件是酸性环境,最佳氧化剂是铁盐。常规浓度的铁盐可将海带中的碘离子氧化成单质碘,而单质碘不被氧化成碘酸根离子。实验中不需要特别控制溶液pH和铁离子浓度。     

介质阻挡放电诱导化学蒸气发生-ICP-OES测定痕量Se(IV)

本文将介质阻挡放电诱导化学蒸气发生与电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱分析法联用,用于痕量Se(IV)的选择性测定.考察了介质阻挡放电诱导化学蒸气发生的主要影响因素.在最优的实验条件下,甲酸浓度为15%时,本方法对Se(IV)的检出限(3σ)为6μg·L-1,测定100μg·L-1 Se(IV)溶液的相对标准偏差(n=11)...     

原子荧光光谱法测定色母粒中铅含量

建立了原子荧光光谱仪测定色母粒中铅的方法。将色母粒样品置于电炉中炭化,然后以HNO3–HClO4洗涤样品残渣,再加热使余酸挥发,通过控制余酸的量使试样溶液的酸度保持在0.8%~1.3%之间,用原子荧光光谱仪对样品消解液进行检测。该方法测定结果的相对标准偏差在3.66%~7.52%之间,加标回收率在82%~120%之间。与电感耦合等离子体光谱法、原子吸收光谱法和电感耦合等离子体质谱法等进行比对检测,检测结果在允许误差之内。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).