气相色谱-质谱测定红树植物桐花树叶中的挥发油和脂肪酸的组成

采用气相色谱-质谱联用分析法,分析测定了红树植物桐花树AegicerasCorniculatum叶子中挥发油和脂肪酸的成分.结果表明:挥发油中分离出24个峰,鉴定出8种化合物,2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚含量丰富,占挥发油总量的20.60%;脂肪酸中分离出16个峰,鉴定出10种脂肪酸,其中主要成分有十六酸(棕榈酸,16.17%)、9,12-十八碳二烯酸(亚油酸,25.73%)、9-十八碳烯酸(油酸,41.52%)等.     

臭椿籽挥发油的化学成分分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法对甘肃天水产的臭椿籽挥发油进行提取，挥发油得率约为2．1％(w)；用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对挥发性成分进行了分析，鉴定了43个化合物，占挥发油相对含量的96．3％；主要成分为脂肪酸及酯、脂肪烃及甾族化合物，其中含量较高的有亚油酸、油酸、蓖麻酸和蓖麻酸甲酯。     

三岛柴胡种子化学成分分析

应用ＧＣ／ＭＳ技术对云南省文山县引种的日本三岛柴胡种子的挥发油和脂肪酸成分进行定性定量分析,检出５３个挥发油成分和２８个脂肪酸成分,挥发油以４,４,５－三甲基－２－乙烯、２,２,４－三甲基－３－戊烯－１－醇、２,３－二甲基丁烯－３－二甲基戊烷为主;脂肪酸以十八碳烯酸,十八烷酸,壬二酸和辛二酸为主。从种子的正丁醇提取部分还分离出８个皂甙,其中３个鉴定为柴胡皂甙ｄ,ｃ和６″－Ｏ－乙酰基柴胡皂甙ｄ。     

柽柳实中挥发油和脂肪酸分析

首次研究了维药细穗柽柳(Tamarix leptostachys Bunge)实中挥发油和脂肪酸的化学成分。 分别采用药典中的挥发油提取法和索式取提法提取柽柳实中的挥发油和脂肪酸,使用气质联用技术获取总离子流图,各色谱峰相应的质谱图经过NIST2011标准谱库检索定性,并采用峰面积归一化法进行定量分析,计算各成分的相对百分含量。 两种方法分别鉴定出48种挥发油和19种脂肪酸。 挥发油主要成分为芳香类化合物(43.71%)、芳香性醛酮类(20.58%)、脂肪酸类(13.03%)、酯类(17.36%)和醇类(4.19%)等。 脂肪酸主要成分为棕榈酸(35.61%)、亚油酸(27.26%)和油酸(11.33%)等,其中不饱和脂肪酸含量占总脂肪酸含量的38.65%。 维药细穗柽柳实中富含丰富的挥发油和不饱和脂肪酸,具有很好的开发利用价值。     

白马骨挥发油的GC-MS分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法从白马骨中提取挥发油,再通过气-质联用(GC-MS)技术对所提取的挥发油的化学成分进行分离鉴定,共测定了其中的36种成分.已成功鉴定的成分占样品总量的93.39%,其主要成分为脂肪酸,占挥发油总量的74.23%,其次为烷烃化合物8.54%,酯类化合物3.96%,酮类化合物2.36%,烯烃化合物1.95%,醇类化合物1.71%,其它化合物(1个)仅占0.71%.     

不同产地莪术挥发油的有效成分

用HP6890/5973气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析了四川、福建、浙江产的莪术挥发油的有效成分，结果表明不同产地莪术挥发油的成分差异较大，提示在选择莪术油为原粒制备制剂时要规定产地。     

麻叶千里光挥发油抗病毒活性及成分分析

利用体外细胞病变效应(CPE)法,发现菊科千里光属植物麻叶千里光(Senecio cannabifoliusLess.)挥发油对呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)和单纯疱疹病毒Ⅰ型(HSV-Ⅰ)致HeLa细胞病变有显著的抑制作用,能不同程度地延缓副流感病毒、柯萨奇病毒B3、腺病毒Ⅲ型和流感病毒致细胞病变作用。为进一步确定麻叶千里光挥发油抗病毒的活性成分,经气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其进行了成分分析。麻叶千里光挥发油得率0.22%(mL/100g),从中初步鉴定了26种化合物,占挥发油总量的88.47%,主要为正十六(烷)酸(27.01%)、胡萝卜次醇(13.73%)、9,12-十八碳二烯酸(9.99%)、α-蒎烯(9.28%)和β-蒎烯(5.58%)。在鉴定出的化合物中,萜烯占47.42%,脂肪酸类占37.61%,其它成分仅占3.44%,故提示麻叶千里光挥发油中高含量的萜烯和脂肪酸类可能与其抗病毒活性有关。     

棉籽化学成分的分析

采用索氏提取法对棉籽中棉籽油进行了提取,以气相色谱-质谱联用仪进行了分析,分离鉴定出10种脂肪酸,占棉籽油总量的99.52%。并对其主要成分进行了鉴定,主要化学成分为:棕榈酸26.68%,亚油酸66.05%。用蒸馏-萃取法提取棉花籽中挥发性物质,测得棉籽挥发油的量为0.80%,用GC/MS法从棉籽挥发油中分离并确定出16种化学成分。用峰面积归一化法通过化学工作站数据处理系统,得出各化学成分在挥发油中的质量分数。其中主要成分为:石竹烯量高达33.27%。     

气相色谱-质谱联用分析倍花中化学成分

以植物倍花为原料制备倍花挥发油和倍花提取液,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析了挥发油的化学成分和提取液的脂肪酸组成与含量。实验结果表明,挥发油中共检出五十个组分,主要成分是乙基异丙醚、己酸、N,N-二甲基苯胺、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、7(Z),10(Z),13(Z)-十六碳三烯酮,其相对含量分别为17.94%、4.48%、3.43%、3.72%、14.89%、8.88%、23.8%。倍花提取液经甲酯化后共检出十八种物质,其中有十种脂肪酸,不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸总含量分别为19.2%和51.7%;不饱和脂肪酸中亚麻酸含量达16.13%,饱和脂肪酸主要是肉豆蔻酸和棕榈酸,含量分别为26.88%和17.03%。     

四川产千金子挥发油的GC-MS分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法从四川产千金子中提取挥发油,多次优化色谱条件,运用气相色谱-质谱联用技术进行分析。从中分离鉴定出49个化合物,占其挥发油总量的90.48%。千金子挥发油中除了主要的长链脂肪酸及其酯类化合物,含量较少但种类丰富的萜类化合物也得到了很好的分析和确证。     

Chemical composition and evaluation of antinociceptive activity of the essential oil of Stevia serrata Cav. from Guatemala

The composition and the antinociceptive activity of the essential oil of Stevia serrata Cav. from a population located in the west highlands of Guatemala were evaluated. A yield of 0.2% (w/w) of essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation of the dried aerial parts of the plant. The essential oil analysed by GC-FID and GC-MS showed a high content of sesquiterpenoids, with chamazulene (60.1%) as the major component and 91.5% of the essential oil composition was identified. To evaluate antinociceptive activity in mice, the essential oil of S. serrata Cav. was administered as gavage, using three different doses. In the formalin test, the animals were pre-treated with oral doses of the essential oil before the administration of formalin. Oral administration of S. serrata Cav. essential oil produced a marked antinociceptive activity. Therefore, the plant could be domesticated as a source of essential oil rich in chamazulene for developing medicinal products.     

Characteristics of fatty acids and essential oil from sweet fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill. var. dulce) and bitter fennel fruits (F. vulgare Mill. var. vulgare) growing in Turkey

Oil content in sweet and bitter fennels was obtained 12.22% and 14.41%, respectively. The C(18:1 c6), C(18:2), C(18:1 c9) and C(16:0) acids corresponding to approximately 97% of total oil was recorded as principal fatty acids. The ratios of essential oil from sweet and bitter fennels were found similar (average 3.00%). trans-Anethole, estragole and fenchone were found to be the main constituents in both fennels. The compound with the highest value in the two oil samples was trans-anethole as 95.25% (sweet) and 75.13% (bitter). While estragole was found in bitter fennel oil in a remarkable amount (15.51%), sweet fennel oil contained small amounts of estragole (2.87%). Fenchone was found <1% in sweet and approximately 5% in bitter fennel. p-Anisaldehyde in bitter fennel essential oil, and alpha-pinene and gamma-terpinene in sweet fennel essential oil were not recorded, and these compounds were found very low or <1%.     

小叶女贞花挥发性成分分析

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法,分别以正己烷和乙醚为萃取剂从小叶女贞花中提取挥发性成分,结合气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)法,运用峰面积归一化法计算各化学成分在挥发油中的相对含量.在正己烷萃取的挥发油中鉴定了45种组分,在乙醚萃取的挥发油中鉴定了58种组分.研究了不同极性溶剂作萃取剂对小叶女贞花挥发性成分的影响.     

Chemical composition,antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from the leaves of Macleaya cordata (Willd) R. Br.

The essential oil from the leaves of Macleaya cordata R.Br. obtained by hydrodistillation was analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Sixty-eight compounds consisting of up to 92.53% of the essential oil were identified. Antioxidant activities of the essential oil were evaluated by using DPPH radical scavenging and β-carotene–linoleic acid assays. The essential oil showed moderate antioxidant activity. In addition, the essential oil exhibited potential antimicrobial activity against all tested microorganisms, with diameters of inhibition zones ranging from 8.7 ± 0.5 to 17.2 ± 1.2 mm and minimum inhibitory concentration values from 125 to 500 μg/mL. We selected the most sensitive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus as model to observe of the action of essential oils of M. cordata on the membrane structure by scanning electron microscopy. The treated cell membranes were damaged severely. The results presented here indicate that the essential oil of M. cordata may be potential sources of antioxidant and antimicrobial agents in the future.     

Chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of Achillea collina Becker ex Heimerl s.l. and A. pannonica Scheele essential oils

The in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of two Achillea millefolium (Adanson) Koch s.l species essential oils (A. collina Becker ex Heimerl s.l. and A. pannonica Scheele, Asteraceae) originating from the Golija and Radan mountains (Serbia) were investigated. The chemical profiles of the essential oils were evaluated by GC-MS. Antioxidant activity was assessed as free radical scavenging capacity (RSC) towards 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) radicals, together with effects on lipid peroxidation (LP). Antibacterial activity was examined on 21 bacterial strains. Based on the chemical composition of the essential oil, A. collina s.l. from Mount Golija was classified as a chamazulene chemotype (tetraploid). The high percentage of oxygenated monoterpenes and absence of azulene in the essential oil obtained from A. pannonica from Radan pointing that this population is octaploid. Essential oil of A. pannonica expressed stronger antimicrobial activity on almost all tested bacteria. Furthermore, this essential oil expressed higher scavenging effects on DPPH radical (IC(50) = 0.52 comparing to 0.62 mug/mL). Only in the LP evaluation, essential oil of A. collina s.l. from Golija exhibited stronger antioxidant activity (IC(50) = 0.75 comparing to 2.12 mug/mL).     

Chemical composition of the essential oils of the berries of Juniperus oxycedrus L. ssp. rufescens (L. K.) and Juniperus oxycedrus L. ssp. macrocarpa (S. & m.) Ball. and their antioxidant activities

This study is outlined to probe the chemical composition of essential oil and in vitro antioxidant activity of Juniperus oxycedrus ssp. macrocarpa (S. & m.) Ball. and Juniperus oxycedrus L. ssp. rufescens (L. K.) berries, collected from four sites, according to their maturity phase. The chemical composition of the hydrodistilled essential oil was analysed by GC-MS. Forty-eight compounds were identified, accounting for approximately 79.8-98.9% of the oil. The main constituents were α-pinene, germacrene D, myrcene, abietadiene and cis-calamenene, their mean percentage vary according to their phenological stage. The antioxidant activity of the samples was determined by the ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities. Hawaria essential oil extracted from mature berries showed the highest antioxidant capacity.     

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Anthemis altissima L. var. altissima

The essential oil obtained from the flowering parts of Anthemis altissima L. var. altissima was analysed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectroscopy. In this study, 34 compounds representing 98.76% of the essential oil were identified. The main components were α-terpineol (26.42%), β-pinene (9.23%), cis-chrysanthenyl acetate (6.30%), globulol (5.36%), n-tricosane (4.41%), terpinen-4-ol (4.08%) and 1,8 cineole (3.84%). Antibacterial activities of the essential oil and its two major components (α-terpineol and β-pinene) were determined using microdilution method against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus epidermidis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae) bacteria. The essential oil showed a broad-spectrum antibacterial activity (MICs ranged from 3.13 to 6.25?μL?mL(-1)). It was found that α-terpineol with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the range 0.87-1.56?μL?mL(-1) was a more potent antibacterial agent than β-pinene with MIC values of the range 1.56-6.25?μL?mL(-1). All of them, the essential oil, β-pinene and α-terpineol, were more effective against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative ones.     

独活挥发油化学成分的气相色谱-质谱法测定

采用水蒸气蒸馏法从独活中提取挥发油。采用不同类型的毛细管柱进行分析 ,找出最佳分析条件 ,共分离出50个峰 ,用归一化法测定其相对含量 ,并用气相色谱 -质谱法对化学成分进行鉴定 ,共鉴定了40个成分 ,占挥发油总成分的80 %以上。     

菥蓂籽挥发油的GC/MS分析

菥蓂(Thlaspi arvenseLinn),又名苏败草、遏蓝菜、苦苦菜、罗汉菜,属双子叶植物药十字花科一年生草本植物,我国大部分地区均有分布,在川西北草原储量较丰富[1]。它既是一种中药材,又是一种可食用野生资源和潜在的油料作物来源。其种子含黑芥子甙(Sinigrin)及34%左右的油脂,味辛     

Solid-phase microextraction of hop volatiles. Potential use for determination and verification of hop varieties

The composition of hop essential oil is an important tool for evaluation of hop quality. As each hop variety has a typical essential oil pattern (fingerprint), hop oil analyses can be used to distinguish between hop varieties. The headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME) method as described in this contribution is a simple sample preparation technique and represents an alternative procedure for essential oil fingerprint determination. Different SPME parameters (extraction temperature, extraction time and sample mass) were studied and the results were compared with those obtained by the routine distillation method. It is shown that SPME results can be used for determination and verification of varieties grown in Slovenia by means of principal components analysis.