聚酰亚胺/SiO2杂化膜的制备、表征和气体渗透性能

采用溶胶凝胶法,在以TiO2为过渡层的硅藻土-莫来石陶瓷膜管基底上,制备了组分不同的聚酰亚胺/SiO2杂化膜。聚酰亚胺是利用4,4′-六氟亚异丙基邻苯二甲酸酐、2,4,6-三甲基-1,3-苯二胺和3,5-二氨基苯甲酸在溶液中进行亚胺化完成的。采用FT-IR、TG/DTA、DSC、SEM、BET和气体渗透测定对膜进行了表征和测试。结果表明,聚酰亚胺通过支链上的羧酸基和SiO2相键连织构成了具有规则孔道的空间网状结构,并且随着SiO2含量的增加孔径逐渐减小;杂化膜具有较高的热稳定性和有机无机兼容性;相对于聚酰亚胺膜,杂化膜对H2、CO2和H2O与N2相比较具有较高的分离性,SiO2含量为25(wt)%的杂化膜对H2/N2、CO2/N2和H2O/N2的分离因子分别达到55.9、31.1和42.8。     

溶胶凝胶法合成聚酰亚胺二氧化钛杂化膜

溶胶凝胶法制备了负载型聚酰亚胺 二氧化钛杂化膜 ,采用扫描电镜、红外光谱、TG DTA、压汞法和气体渗透性能测试装置对膜材料的表面形貌、表面结构、热性能、孔径分布和气体渗透性能进行了表征 .结果表明 ,杂化膜材料形成了有机相包裹无机相的交联结构 ;聚酰亚胺与二氧化钛粒子形成了新型键联结构 ;其热分解温度随二氧化钛含量的增加而降低 ,在 4 5 0℃以下热稳定性优于聚酰亚胺膜材料 ;平均孔径随二氧化钛含量增大而增大 ,孔径分布趋于弥散 ;N2 、H2 和CO2 在膜内渗透由Knudsen扩散控制 ,H2 O N2 分离因子均大于Knudsen扩散值 ,表现出良好的亲水性 .     

Pd修饰的选择分离氢的负载型PI-SiO2杂化膜的制备及应用

 以负载TiO2过渡层的硅藻土-莫来石陶瓷膜管为支撑体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了金属钯修饰的负载型聚酰亚胺-二氧化硅杂化膜(Pd-PI-SiO2). 利用红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜和低温N2吸附等手段对膜材料结构、微观形貌及孔径分布等进行了表征,并对CH4, H2O, H2, CO2, CO和N2等气体进行了选择渗透性测试. 结果表明,杂化膜中聚酰亚胺与二氧化硅间形成了键联结构; 钯以还原后的金属态存在且分散均匀,能对聚酰亚胺-二氧化硅膜的孔结构起到修饰作用; 杂化膜孔径为 4 nm 左右; N2在此膜中的渗透通量为0.20×10-7 mol/(m2·Pa·s), H2/N2分离因子达542; 钯能够促使H2在膜渗透过程中按表面扩散机制进行,有助于分离混合气中的氢分子.     

钴掺杂二氧化硅膜的制备、表征及氢气分离性能

采用正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)和Co(NO3)2.6H2O为前驱体通过溶胶-凝胶法制备掺钴微孔二氧化硅膜,研究钴在二氧化硅膜材料中的存在状态、膜材料孔结构以及膜材料的气体渗透和分离性能。结果表明钴元素以Si-O-Co的形式存在于SiO2骨架之中,掺杂Co 10%的微孔SiO2膜具有典型的微孔结构,其孔体积为0.119 cm3·g-1,平均孔径在0.52 nm左右且孔径主要分布在0.4～0.55 nm之间。氢气在膜材料中的输运低温下遵循Knudsen扩散机理,高于100℃时遵循活化扩散机理,300℃时膜材料的H2渗透率达到6.41×10-7 mol.m-2.s-1.Pa-1,H2/CO2分离系数达到6.61,高于Knudsen扩散的理想分离系数。     

负载型聚酰亚胺-二氧化硅-银杂化膜的制备和表征

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了硅藻莫来石负载的SiO2(SiO2KM)负载的聚酰亚胺二氧化硅银杂化膜,采用IR、TGA、SEM、XRD、氮吸附、气体渗透性能测量等方法对膜的性能进行了表征.银的加入使杂化溶胶的粘度增大,膜孔径增大,孔径分布弥散;二氧化硅在杂化膜中以无定型存在,银以氯化银的形式存在;Ag+和聚酰亚胺中的氮以配位键络合在一起,丙烯通过双键吸附在Ag+上;杂化膜热稳定性随二氧化硅的加入而增加,随银的加入而降低.丙烯丙烷在杂化膜上的分离因子为3.54～4.1,银的加入对丙烯的传输有明显的促进作用.     

具有不对称孔道结构的小介孔二氧化硅粒子的合成及其高分子杂化膜的构建

利用手性阴离子酸表面活性剂, 采用软模板法制备了具有不对称孔道结构的小介孔二氧化硅(SiO₂)粒子. 将小介孔SiO₂粒子引入聚偏四氟乙烯(PVDF)和聚酰亚胺(PI)中构建了两种有机/无机杂化膜. 利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、 透射电子显微镜(TEM)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和比表面积分析等表征了小介孔SiO₂粒子和有机/无机杂化膜的微结构, 并通过超滤实验和气体渗透实验分别考察两种杂化膜的性能. 研究结果表明, 表面含有大量亲水基团的小介孔SiO₂粒子具有规则有序排列的孔道结构, 该孔道结构呈现螺旋扭曲和不对称性. 构建的两种有机/无机杂化膜的极性显著提升, 进而有效增强了PVDF杂化膜的膜通量和抗污染性能及PI杂化膜对CO₂气体的分离性能, 克服了高分子膜的博弈效应(Trade-off效应). 另外, SiO₂的小介孔孔道还可以在PI杂化膜中引入优先通过CO₂分子的限域传质通道, 加速了CO₂气体在杂化膜中扩散. 但过多小介孔SiO₂粒子的加入导致其在高分子基质中团聚, 削弱杂化膜的极性和亲水性, 从而降低了两种杂化膜的分离性能.     

静态水热晶化法高效合成MCM-22分子筛

 采用静态水热晶化法，在Na2O－Al2O3－SiO2－HMI－H2O（HMI：六亚甲基亚胺）体系中，在HMI／SiO2摩尔比为0．09，H2O／SiO2摩尔比为12，晶化时间为60～80h的条件下，合成了MCM－22分子筛．利用固体硅胶表面的吸附性能提高模板剂的局部浓度，从而实现了分子筛的高效合成．对合成条件的研究结果表明，以比表面积（486m2／g）大、反应性能好的硅胶为硅源是静态水热晶化法高效合成MCM－22分子筛的关键，而成胶老化方式对MCM－22分子筛的晶化影响不大．产物的晶相和转晶的类型取决于合成凝胶的初始硅铝比．当SiO2／Al2O3摩尔比＝18～80时可以合成出MCM－22，当SiO2／Al2O3＝13～17时可以合成出MCM－49．硅铝比较低（如SiO2／Al2O3＝20）时，MCM－22分子筛易转晶为MOR分子筛，而在硅铝比较高（如SiO2／Al2O3＝50）时，可转晶为ZSM－5分子筛．     

Cr2O3-Co3O4／SiO2对十八醇氧化生成十八酸反应的催化性能

 制备了一系列不同Cr／Co比例的Cr2O3－Co3O4／SiO2催化剂，并用XRD，FT－IR和BET等手段对催化剂进行了表征；考察了催化剂对十八醇氧化生成十八酸反应的催化性能，及反应条件（反应温度和反应时间）对催化性能的影响，确定了最佳反应条件．结果表明，金属硝酸盐在773K焙烧后转变成相应的氧化物并负载于二氧化硅上．Cr2O3－Co3O4／SiO2催化剂对十八醇氧化反应有很高的催化活性，十八酸选择性最高可达99．93％，收率可达52．44％．Cr2O3－Co3O4／SiO2催化剂的活性明显高于单一的Cr2O3／SiO2或Co3O4／SiO2催化剂     

聚甲基丙烯酸丁酯/(SiO2-TiO2)杂化材料的研究

以γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷(TMSPM)为偶联剂，用溶胶一凝胶法制备了聚甲基丙烯酸丁酯／(SiO2-TiO2)杂化材料，进行了结构表征和性能研究。经电镜观察，杂化体系固化膜两相间结合紧密，无机相是一种粒径介于10～20nm之间的球形颗粒。实验结果表明：杂化体系固化膜均匀性好和热氧化稳定性得到很大提高。由于无机相与有机相通过共价键相连，聚甲基丙烯酸丁酯／(SiO2-TiO2)杂化材料在无机物含量较高时，仍能保持良好的柔韧性。     

乙烯直接氧化制乙酸的研究Ⅱ．助剂对Pd－Se／H4SiW12O40／SiO2催化性能的影响

 研究了不同助剂促进的负载型Pd－Se／H4SiW12O40／SiO2催化剂对乙烯直接氧化制乙酸反应的影响．采用固定床微反装置评价了催化剂的性能，并采用C2H4和O2吸附量测定、吸附C2H4的TPD－MS和TPSR－MS等技术对催化剂进行了表征．结果表明，以SiO2为载体，以硅钨酸为助剂，Pd－Se－Na－Ru组成的催化剂体系其催化性能比文献报道的结果明显提高．在原料气配比n（C2H4）∶n（N2）∶n（O2）∶n（H2O）＝55∶14∶9∶22，反应物空速GHSV＝3844h－1，反应压力p＝1．4MPa，反应温度θ＝155℃条件下，乙烯的转化率和乙酸的选择性分别为8．0％和87．4％，乙酸的单程时空产率达372．0g／（L·h）．吸附量测定表明，吸附在催化剂表面上的C2H4／O2比值高对于提高乙酸的选择性是有利的．     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.