银杏叶中α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的超滤质谱筛选

采用体外酶抑制活性检测方法结合超滤质谱(UF-LC/MS)筛选方法对中药提取物中的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂进行了筛选.以4-硝基苯-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(PNPG)为底物,阿卡波糖为阳性对照药,对5种富含黄酮类化合物的中药提取物进行了α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性的初步测定.结果表明,银杏叶具有最强的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性,可作为进一步复筛的对象.利用超滤质谱技术对银杏叶中潜在的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂进行了筛选,从中筛选出4种潜在的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂,并利用液相色谱-串联质谱技术(LC-MSn)对其结构进行了鉴定.本文结果为开发新一代安全有效的降糖药物奠定了基础.     

离心超滤质谱法筛选中药复方二妙丸中黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂

采用离心超滤质谱分析技术(UF-UPLC/Q-TOF/MS), 结合体外酶活性实验方法, 对中药复方二妙丸提取物中的黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂进行了筛选. 体外酶活性实验测得二妙丸水提液对黄嘌呤氧化酶的半数抑制浓度(IC₅₀)为(0.218±0.0034) mg/mL, 表明二妙丸具有较强的黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制活性. 进一步采用离心超滤质谱技术对二妙丸水提物中潜在的黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂进行筛选, 从中筛选并鉴定了9种具有潜在黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制活性的化合物, 为开发黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂及阐明二妙丸治疗痛风和高尿酸血症的作用机制提供了一定的依据.     

虎杖和大黄中α-葡葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的超滤质谱研究

通过体外酶活性实验结合离心超滤LC-ESI-MSn技术从富含蒽醌类成分的中药虎杖和大黄提取物中筛选α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂。首先,以4-硝基苯-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(PNPG)为底物,对虎杖和大黄提取物的体外酶抑制活性进行了初步评价,结果表明,虎杖和大黄提取物对α-葡葡萄糖苷酶的半抑制浓度分别为0.027和0.050 g/L。其次,利用离心超滤技术对虎杖和大黄提取物种的潜在的α-葡葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂进行了筛选,并通过LC-ESI-MSn对筛选得到的潜在抑制剂结构进行了鉴定,结果显示,虎杖和大黄中各鉴定得到12和7种,共计16种活性小分子成分。其中大黄素等7种化合物属于蒽醌类;虎杖苷等5种化合物属于多元酚类;莲花掌甘等4种化合物都具有没食子酰基取代基。结果表明,蒽醌类化合物具有较好的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性,可以为开发新的安全有效的富含蒽醌类成分的中药降糖药物奠定基础。     

微透析/液相色谱-质谱联用筛选黄芩中α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂

应用微透析/液相色谱-质谱联用法筛选黄芩中α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂,并对筛选出的具有酶抑制活性的化合物进行结构鉴定。实验采用迪马C18色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以0.5%醋酸水-乙腈溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速0.5 mL/min,柱温30℃,以正离子电喷雾质谱模式采集数据,从黄芩中筛选出10种潜在的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂,10种化合物与α-葡萄糖苷酶的结合率为36.18%~52.71%。该方法可快速、有效地筛选黄芩中的α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制剂,同时可为从其他中药中筛选酶抑制剂提供方法学借鉴。     

毛秔子梢中天然高活性的神经氨酸酶抑制成分的研究

从天然产物中筛选高效低毒的神经氨酸酶抑制剂(NAI), 以期发现可抗流感病毒(H1N1)的化合物. 方法: 采用经典的NA活性检测实验(FL-MH-NANA method), 对从豆科植物毛秔子梢中分离得到10个化合物进行筛选, 检测这些化合物对NA的抑制活性. 结论: 化合物1, 2, 3, 5对流感病毒株的神经氨酸酶(NA)均具有抑制作用, 其中化合物1的抑制活性最强, 其IC₅₀值为16.76 μmol/L. 化合物1～4为新化合物, 化合物5～10为该植物中首次分得.     

高效液相色谱-质谱联用快速筛选并鉴定黄芩甲醇提取物中抗氧化活性成分

建立了高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术快速筛选和鉴定黄芩甲醇提取物中抗氧化活性成分的方法.在黄芩甲醇提物中加入适量的二苯基三硝基苯肼( DPPH)作为实验组,避光室温反应30 min后直接经液相色谱分析,并与不加入DPPH的空白组进行比较.有抗氧化活性的成分因会与DPPH反应而使峰面积减少,而不具有抗氧化活性的成分峰面积则不变.基于色谱数据可以获得有抗氧化活性组分的相对活性强度,基于质谱数据可获得活性组分的结构信息用于结构鉴定.本方法成功地从黄芩甲醇提取物中筛选并鉴定出了黄芩苷、千层纸素A-7-O-B-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷、汉黄芩苷和千层纸素A4种较强的抗氧化活性成分.本方法利用HPLC-MS技术对复杂体系(如中药提取物)中小分子的分离和鉴定优势,可以直接筛选出黄芩甲醇提取物中的抗氧化活性成分,而不需要繁琐的前期分离和纯化,并且不需要仪器改装工作,有利于实现复杂体系中抗氧化活性成分的高通量筛选.     

酸性神经鞘磷脂酶直接抑制剂的设计、合成及生物活性

构建了基于配体的酸性神经鞘磷脂酶抑制剂药效团模型.根据此模型,以α-倒捻子素(α-Mangostin)为先导化合物进行结构优化,完成了11个新型酸性神经鞘磷脂酶直接抑制剂的设计与合成,其结构经过核磁共振波谱和质谱鉴定正确.初步体外酶抑制活性筛选结果显示,化合物Ⅰb,Ⅰd,Ⅰe和Ⅰf具有较好的酶抑制活性,其中化合物Ⅰf的酶抑制率为88.9%.     

抗流感药物磷酸奥斯他韦的分子振动光谱研究

流感是一种影响人类生活的病毒性急性呼吸道传染病,抗流感药物的研究和生产备受关注,自1983年关键性的流感病毒神经氨酸酶(NA)晶体结构被确定,为抗流感药物的研究提供了有利条件,神经氨酸酶抑制剂的研究成为热点.磷酸奥斯他韦,又名达菲,属于环己烯衍生物结构(见图1)的神经氨酸酶抑制剂,环己烯环具有化学及酶的稳定性,具有3-戊氧基取代基的奥斯他韦有非常强的神经氨酸酶抑制活性[1],为口服型抗流感药物,可同时抑制甲型和乙型流感病毒,不易引起抗药性[2],     

超滤亲和结合液相色谱-质谱联用和分子对接技术筛选毛菊苣种子中高亲和性α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂

采用超滤亲和结合液相色谱-质谱联用(UF-LC-MS) 和分子对接技术筛选毛菊苣种子中高亲和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂.以4-硝基苯-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(PNPG)为底物,阿卡波糖为阳性对照,评价毛菊苣种子提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性,其中阿卡波糖IC50为0.003 mg/mL,毛菊苣种子IC50为0.447 mg/mL.利用UF-LC-MS技术对毛菊苣种子提取物进行筛选鉴定,获得4种化合物;通过Autodock软件筛选出2种与α-葡萄糖苷酶有较高亲和力的化合物,分别是绿原酸和异绿原酸A.结合体外酶活实验,验证了绿原酸、异绿原酸A对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性.结果表明,各化合物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性由大到小依次是:阿卡波糖>异绿原酸A>绿原酸,其中异绿原酸A与阿卡波糖抑制率相近.     

靶向亲和-液相色谱-质谱联用技术快速筛选黄藤总生物碱中乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂

采用靶向亲和-液相色谱-质谱联用技术(Target molecule affinity-LC-ESI-MSn)快速筛选黄藤总生物碱中能够抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的成分,共筛选出12种具有潜在抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶的活性成分,并鉴定了6种成分,分别为黄藤素(Palmatine)、小檗碱(Berberine)、药根碱(Jatrorrhizine)、巴马汀红碱(Palmatrubine)、7,8-二氢-8-羟基小檗碱(7,8-Dihydro-8-hydroxyberberine)、Groenlandicine,结合体外酶学实验对这6种化合物进行了活性验证实验.结果表明,黄藤素抑制活性最强,其抑制作用强于阳性对照药盐酸多奈哌齐,说明黄藤素具有开发成抗阿尔茨海默症药物的潜力.本方法简单、快速、准确地从复杂的中药提取物中筛选出具有抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的成分,适用于复杂体系中的高通量筛选.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.