氮、硫双齿配体钯促进的Suzuki-Miyaura交叉偶联反应

钯配合物促进的Suzuki-Miyaura交叉偶联反应为构建碳-碳骨架的重要方法,主要用于药物化学、天然产物、材料学及超分子配体等领域。以2-噻吩甲醛、脂肪族/芳香族伯胺、取代肼及羟胺等为原料,合成了9种2-噻吩甲醛亚胺类N,S-双齿配体（3a~3i）,其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和HR-MS（APCI）表征。并以N-环己基-2-噻吩甲亚胺(3b)为例,研究了配体对钯促进的Suzuki-Miyaura交叉偶联反应的催化性能。结果表明：在反应体系Pd(OAc)₂/3b/Cs₂CO₃/DMF中,苯硼酸与芳溴的交叉偶联反应的分离产率达到95%。     

5-取代-3,4-二卤-2(5H)-呋喃酮的Sonogashira偶联反应

以5-取代-3,4-二卤-2(5H)-呋喃酮为底物进行Sonogashira偶联反应, 考察了反应温度、反应时间、钯催化剂种类与用量、碱种类与用量、溶剂、底物结构等对偶联反应的影响, 合成了28种新的2(5H)-呋喃酮衍生物, 其结构用IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, MS和元素分析等方法进行了表征. 在优化的反应条件下, 即反应溶剂为甲苯、催化剂为3 mol% Pd(PPh₃)₄和10 mol% CuI、碱为6 equiv. KF、反应时间72 h、反应温度30 ℃时, 反应产率42%～84%. 利用该Sonogashira偶联反应合成新型的多官能团烯二炔结构化合物, 不仅合成途径简捷、反应条件温和, 绝大部分反应产率中等以上, 而且无需额外加入配体, 适用于芳香的和脂肪的末端炔烃.     

钯催化炔丙醇与叔丁基异腈选择性合成吡咯并呋喃衍生物和氨基甲酸酯

报道了钯催化下炔丙醇与叔丁基异腈反应高选择性合成吡咯并呋喃衍生物和氨基甲酸酯的新方法.在10%(摩尔分数)Pd(OAc)₂与110%(摩尔分数)LiBr存在下,一分子炔丙醇与三分子叔丁基异腈在水的参与下发生“有序的”异腈三重插入反应,以56%～73%的产率高选择性地生成了吡咯并呋喃衍生物;而在10%(摩尔分数)Pd(PPh₃)₄和110%(摩尔分数)K₃PO₄存在下,一分子炔丙醇与一分子叔丁基异腈在空气中氧气的参与下发生简单氧化偶联反应,以51%～74%的产率生成了氨基甲酸酯.该方法仅通过简单改变钯催化剂与盐的种类就能得到不同产物,且反应选择性高,分别为吡咯并呋喃亚胺衍生物和氨基甲酸酯提供了有吸引力的合成途径.     

钯催化偶联反应合成刚性桥连的苯并菲盘状液晶二聚体

盘状液晶是一类新型有机半导体材料, 盘状二聚体具有新颖的自组织特性. 合成了一系列官能化的盘状液晶单体, 再通过Pd催化端炔自身偶联反应合成了六个二苯基丁二炔桥连的苯并菲盘状液晶二聚体: (RO)₅C₁₈H₆(O₂CC₆H₄C≡C—C≡CC₆H₄CO₂)C₁₈H₆(OR)₅ (R＝C_nH_2n＋1, n＝4～9). 化合物的纯度和结构通过¹H NMR, IR和高分辨质谱表征. 二聚体的热失重分析(TGA)结果显示它们有良好的热稳定性, 在370 ℃才开始分解. 化合物的热致液晶性通过偏光显微镜和差视扫描热量法研究, 结果显示所有单体及二聚体化合物均为柱状相液晶, 在室温及以下仍处于液晶相. 单体清亮点随柔链增长呈下降趋势, 而二聚体呈相反趋势. 苯并菲柔链长度和连接基刚性对液晶性都有重要影响.     

1,7-二芳基-1,6-庚二炔化合物的合成

1,6-庚二炔是有机合成的重要中间体,我们以Pd Cl2/Cu I为催化剂,NEt3为碱,在四氢呋喃溶剂中实现了二炔与卤代芳烃Sonogashira偶联反应,合成了10个1,7-二芳基-1,6-庚二炔化合物,该方法也适用于二卤芳烃如1,8-二碘萘与末端炔偶联合成1,8-二苯乙炔基萘.所有合成的目标化合物结构经1H NMR,13C NMR,IR和MS表征.     

卤素取代甲苯的合成及其在Co(OAc)2－Mn(OAc)2－NaBr催化下的液相氧化反应

合成了3-氟甲苯和另外5个氯或溴取代的3-氟甲苯,以Co(OAc)₂·4H₂O、Mn(OAc)₂·4H₂O和NaBr为催化剂用液相氧化反应将其氧化为相应的卤代苯甲酸。该反应产率较高,所得卤代苯甲酸纯度好。6个卤代的3-氟甲苯及6个相应的卤代苯甲酸其结构经IR、UV、¹H NMR、MS和元素分析所确证。     

一种新型罗丹明基衍生物分子的合成

以罗丹明B为起始原料,首先与乙二胺经闭环反应制得中间体罗丹明B乙二胺(1),在K₂CO₃作用下与三聚氯嗪经亲核取代反应制得罗丹明B乙二胺-三聚氯嗪化合物(2),收率75.8%; 2与亚氨基二乙酸在K₂CO₃作用下,经氮气保护进一步发生亲核取代反应合成了一种新型罗丹明基衍生物分子--罗丹明B乙二胺-三聚氯嗪-亚氨基二乙酸,收率63.3%,三步总收率45.5%,其结构经¹H NMR、 ¹³C NMR、 IR和HR-MS(ESI)表征。     

不同金属化合物催化呼和浩特煤加氢气化实验研究

在加压固定床反应器上考察了K₂CO₃、Na₂CO₃、Ca(OH)₂、Ni(NO₃)₂催化剂对呼和浩特煤加氢气化反应的催化效果,并考察了温度对催化剂效果的影响。实验结果表明,不同种类的金属化合物对气化反应的催化效果有明显影响,催化活性依次为K> Na> Ni> Ca。与原煤气化相比,在相同时间内达到相同碳转化率时,碱金属化合物K₂CO₃的加入使原煤加氢气化的气化温度降低150℃以上,碱金属化合物Na₂CO₃降低约150℃,过渡金属化合物Ni(NO₃)₂降低50℃以上,碱土金属化合物Ca(OH)₂的加入会吸收一部分CO₂产品,表观上反而降低了碳转化率。SEM及BET表征结果表明,煤样负载不同金属化合物催化剂后表面形态及孔结构有一定差异。     

3,5-二(4-甲基苯基)吡啶的Suzuki偶联合成及其光学性能

以3,5-二溴吡啶和对甲基苯硼酸为原料,醋酸钯为催化剂,经Suzuki偶联反应合成了3,5-二(4-甲基苯基)吡啶(1),收率73%,其结构和性能经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, IR, 元素分析, UV-Vis, FL和X-射线单晶衍射表征。结果表明：1（CCDC: 1509844）属正交晶系,空间群P2₁2₁2₁,晶胞参数a=6.447 8(12) , b=7.240 2(14) , c=29.890 0(6) ,β=90°。1为非平面刚性共轭分子,荧光量子产率13.9%。     

一锅两步法合成1,4-二芳基取代-1,3-丁二烯类化合物

1,3-共轭烯烃不仅是有机合成不可或缺的原料或中间体,许多聚合物、天然产物和具有生理活性化合物的核心骨架都含有1,3-丁二烯结构单元.简便而有效的1,3-共轭烯烃合成方法一直是化学家们感兴趣的研究课题,在已有共轭烯烃的合成方法中,钯催化烯基卤与端烯的Heck交叉偶联反应占据了主要地位.最近,简单化合物的"一锅法"串联反应构建碳碳键具有操作及反应后处理简单、原子经济性高等优点而备受关注.以价廉易得端炔和联硼酸频哪醇酯为原料,在碱催化下进行硼氢化反应生成烯基硼酸频哪醇酯,这一中间体无需分离纯化,在Pd(OAc)_2和碱的作用下实现一锅串联反应得到目标产物1,4-二芳基取代-1,3-丁二烯化合物,所有化合物的结构用~1HNMR和~(13)CNMR进行表征,该一锅串联法合成途径简捷,反应条件温和,为共轭烯烃化合物合成提供了简便的途径.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).