高分子材料专业组合实验教学探索与实践

设计了2组高分子材料组合实验：石墨型氮化碳/聚苯胺（g-C3N4/PANI）复合催化剂的制备及其催化性能研究和孔状g-C3N4/PANI复合催化剂的制备及其催化性能研究。在学生查阅文献及了解实验原理后,确定实验方案,即首先通过直接加热双氰胺制备g-C3N4（或孔状g-C3N4）,然后通过界面聚合法制备复合催化剂。在对所得材料进行结构表征基础上,研究其催化性能及影响因素。该实验集仪器分析、高分子材料制备与高分子物理性能分析于一体,不仅能够全面提高学生综合实验能力,而且能够串联学科间知识点,为培养全面型人才提供支撑。     

硫掺杂碳纳米球的制备、表征及其储氢性能——化学材料相关专业综合设计性实验教学的探索与实践

综合设计性实验是培养大学生综合素质和创新能力最重要的途径之一。根据化学与材料相关专业的特点,开设"硫掺杂碳纳米球的制备、表征及其储氢性能"综合设计性实验项目,通过文献调研、原理阐述、方案制定、材料制备、结构表征、性能测试、数据处理与分析等实验环节,使学生充分掌握与化学和材料相关的多门课程内涉及的纳米材料制备、结构表征、性能分析等关键知识点,培养学生的综合能力和创新能力。实践表明,通过综合设计性实验的实践,学生的实践能力、创新能力、基本科学素养和综合素质得到明显提高。     

矿物基环境修复材料制备及应用的综合性实验设计

为促进“研学结合”,增强学生实际操作能力,依托于化学实验平台设计了“矿物基环境修复材料制备及应用”的化学综合实验。实验内容包括改性沸石材料的制备、表征和应用探索。实验由教师科研成果转化而成,已在本校环境化学综合实验课中进行教学实践,该实验可以使学生掌握文献调研、材料制备与表征、性能分析、数据处理等重要技能,锻炼学生综合实验设计和思维创新的能力,激发了学生探索环境修复材料前沿知识的兴趣。     

大学化学本科教学中综合化学实验的设计——锂离子电池制作

将CR2032型锂离子电池的制作及电化学性能测试实验设计为大学化学本科生的综合实验并将其应用于本科教学中，建立起基于锂离子电池用正极材料的合成、表征、电极制备及电池组装和性能测试的综合性开放实验。实验以无机材料制备为实验基础，以电化学原理为理论基础，通过文献查阅、确立合成路线、材料制备及表征、锂离子电池制作与测试等多项综合实验内容，使学生了解目前常见的正极材料种类、合成方法、电池的基本结构以及电池性能的测试方法。在教学过程中以学生主动探索为主体，培养学生的科学探究素养，锻炼学生查阅文献、自主设计实验和合作开发的能力。     

“生物降解型水凝胶的制备与表征”综合实验设计

针对材料化学综合实验本科教学,以学生掌握吸水性水凝胶的制备、表征和性能测定方法为目的,以安全、实验历程适合课堂教学为原则,以羧甲基纤维素钠、丙烯酰胺和N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为主要原料,采用自由基接枝聚合的方法,制备了尿素缓释凝胶。利过傅里叶变换红外光谱对水凝胶的化学结构进行了表征,采用淋溶法测定了尿素缓释凝胶的缓释性能。该实验安全性高,易实施,操作难度适中,为材料化学相关本科实验教学提供参考。     

电化学沉积制备聚苯胺纳米阵列及性能研究的综合化学实验

为将导电聚合物超级电容器电极材料引入到本科教学实验中，设计了综合探究性高分子材料制备实验——电化学沉积制备聚苯胺纳米阵列及性能研究。首先采用电化学法构筑导电高分子聚苯胺纳米阵列；然后运用紫外光谱、拉曼光谱、扫描电子显微镜和电化学工作站等，分别对聚苯胺阵列的化学结构、形貌和电化学性能进行表征。从材料的合成角度来看，该实验可以使学生了解和掌握电化学合成导电聚合物的机理与方法；从材料的结构和性能表征方面来看，可以使学生学习和操作科研类的大型仪器设备，对学生的动手操作能力具有实质性的锻炼。此外，该综合性实验很好地将化学制备与材料的应用相结合，方法简单，耗时短，重复性好，可作为高分子类专业本科生综合探究性实验开设。     

锂离子电池全流程实验教学设计与实践*

结合化学、材料学、电子学等工科专业实验教学需求和锂离子电池材料发展现状,设计了以钴酸锂为正极材料、金属锂为负极材料的全流程设计性实验,内容包括文献调研、电池反应原理探究、钴酸锂合成参数的设计、钴酸锂的制备及表征、性能测试、实验结果分析、优化方案的探讨等。教学实践证明,该全流程实验设计有助于本科生了解和掌握锂离子电池材料的晶体结构-制备过程-电化学性能的关系,有利于学生实现不同学科知识的融会贯通、培养学生科学研究素养、提升学生分析和解决问题的能力。     

介绍一个综合化学实验——纳米TiO2的制备、表征及光催化性能

综合化学实验的目的是培养学生的综合实验能力,实验内容要向材料、生命、环境等热点领域倾斜。本文对纳米二氧化钛的制备、表征和光催化性能进行了研究。实验结合了目前的科研成果,内容涵盖材料化学、无机合成、胶体化学、仪器分析、催化等方面,涉及材料和环境等领域。本文内容可以作为综合化学实验和开放实验。     

微波辅助加热法制备NaA沸石膜及其性能研究的综合化学化工实验*

结合自身实验教学和科研实验经验,设计了一个包括NaA晶种管的制备,微波辅助加热法制备NaA沸石膜,膜渗透汽化性能测试及膜材料微结构表征等过程的综合化学化工实验。本实验涵盖绿色合成、性能测试、表征及膜分离单元操作,知识要点多、学科覆盖面广,有助于提高学生的实践操作能力、创新意识和综合运用知识的能力,适合作为学生综合性实验。     

原位缩聚制备聚氨酯/碳纳米管复合泡沫材料

采用球磨方法制备了均匀分散的碳纳米管(CNTs)/聚丙二醇分散体系,解决了碳纳米管在高黏滞聚醚醇中的分散问题,进一步以水为发泡剂,采用两步的原位缩聚法制备了碳纳米管均匀分散的聚氨酯(PU)/碳纳米管复合泡沫材料.通过FTIR、SEM、压缩实验、亲水性实验等表征了材料的结构和性能.结果表明碳纳米管的加入使聚氨酯材料的压缩强度和保水率得到显著提高.     

气体分离膜研究进展

全面综述了近几年气体分离膜研究的最新进展,主要包括气体分离膜材料、制膜方法、表征方法三个方面。     

Multicomponent Interference Phenomena in Ion Exchange Columns

Extensive computer simulations of multicomponent ion exchange processes in fixed beds are reported. The simulations are based on the local equilibrium theory developed by Helfferich and Klein. The simulations illustrate through computer graphics how the various ions separate and migrate in a column. Detailed concentration profiles as a function of time are shown for cyclic chromatographic operations such as elution, displacement, and selective displacement processes. The simulations elucidate the main features of the interference phenomena as a result of solute competition for the sorbent sites. These simulations also provide important guidelines for designing bulk separation processes, for example, the strategies of recovery, the choices of cyclic operations, feed size, presaturant, eluant, and displacer.     

Polymer-silica nanocomposite membranes for CO2 capturing

Reducing carbon dioxide (CO₂) is an area of great interest in current international efforts geared toward lowering emissions and combating global warming. In this work, amino-silica composite membranes were prepared and used to capture carbon dioxide. The surface of silica particles was chemically modified with amine to efficiently capture carbon dioxide. The phase separation technique was used to prepare the membranes from a composite containing polyvinylidene-fluoride-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP), amino-silica particles, acetone and water. SEM images revealed that the membranes composed of multilayers of porous polymer uniformly impregnated with silica particles. Both XRD and FTIR results have validated the perfect integration of silica particles within the polymeric network. The mechanical properties of the membrane are improved by the presence of silica particles as proved by the high tensile strength value (1.5 N/cm²) obtained for the PVDF-HFP/SiO₂ membrane compared to 0.9 N/cm² obtained for bare PVDF-HFP membrane. Also, we succeeded in recording SEM images to show that the plastic deformation of the film is associated with the formation of macro-holes. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time for such results to be monitored with SEM to observe the macroscopic evolution of the structure. Additionally, the surface area was significantly increased from 3.8 m²/g for bare PVDF-HFP membrane to 116.4 m²/g for PVDF-HFP impregnated with silica particles. Moreover, the CO₂ separation efficiency depends on both surface area and the quantity of amino-SiO₂ added to the membrane. The addition of amino-silica particles leads to a significant uptake of carbon dioxide compared to non-modified polymer membrane. The results obtained indicated that combing the phase separation with amino silica particles provided a cost-effective route to scaling up the synthesis of membranes that were mechanically stable and highly efficient at CO₂ capture.     

纳米复合膜在膜分离领域的研究进展

基于纳米材料的独特性质,将其引入高分子膜所制得的纳米复合滤膜有望解决目前制约膜技术发展的“上限平衡”问题。 本文综述了碳纳米管、石墨烯、SiO2、TiO2、分子筛、ZrO2以及纳米银颗粒等纳米复合膜在膜分离领域的研究进展。 这些纳米材料对于提高复合膜的机械稳定性、亲水性、选择性、渗透性及抗污染能力等有显著的效果。 此外,对纳米复合膜的发展与应用做了展望,也对其研究中存在的问题和解决方法进行了阐述。     

膜分离现状及发展趋向

本文简要综述了近年来国内外反渗透、超过滤、微孔过滤、扩散渗析、电渗析、气体分离、液膜、渗透蒸发、蒸发渗透等一些主要膜分离过程,特别是有关新膜研制方面的开发现状及其发展趋向。     

智能型分离膜研究

膜材料的智能化已成为当今分离材料领域发展的一个新方向。本文对智能型分离膜的各种制备方法进行了比较和分析,从其环境敏感特性方面对智能型分离膜的可控机理、可控性能进行了较为详细的综述,并简要介绍了智能型分离膜的表征方法。     

酚酞型聚醚砜（PES—C）超滤膜的制备及性能

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）和乙醇（EtOH）为添加剂,采用相转化法制得了酚酞型聚醚砜（PES-C）超滤膜。结果表明：当以乙醇为添加剂时,随着乙醇含量的增加,膜上表面变为致密结构,下表面呈多孔结构,水通量先上升后减小;当以PVP为添加剂时,随着PVP含量增加,PES—C膜的指状孔得到发展,膜通量和截留率都上升,当PVP的质量含量为10％时,PES—C膜的通量达到134．3L／（m^2·h）,对牛血清蛋白的截留率达85．1％。     

高效膜色谱的发展和应用

对新兴的高效膜色谱的基质材料、膜形态、分离机理以及应用进行了综述,并对其用于对映体分离作了展望。共７６篇。     

Preparation of Zeolite X Membranes on Porous Ceramic Substrates with Zeolite Seeds

Zeolite X membranes were investigated by in-situ hydrothermal synthesis on porous ceramic tubes precoated with zeolite X seeds or precursor amorphous aluminosilicate, and porous α-Al2O3 ceramic tubes with a pore size of 50 200 nm were employed as supports. Zeolite X crystals were synthesized by the classic method and mixed into deionized water as a slurry with a concentration of 0.2 0.5wt%, having a range of crystal sizes from 0.2 to 2μm. Crystal seeds were pressed into the pores near the inner surface of the ceramic tubes, and crystallization took place at 95℃ for 24-96 h. It was also investigated that Boehmite sol added with zeolite X seeds was precoated on ceramic supports to form a layer of γ-Al2O3 by heating, and hydrothermal crystallization could then take place to prepare the zeolite membranes on the composite ceramic tubes. The crystal species were characterized by XRD, and the morphology of the supports subjected to crystallization was characterized by SEM. The composite zeolite membranes have zeolitic top-layers with a thickness of 10-25 μm, and zeolite crystals can be intruded into pores of the supports as deeply as 100μm. The experimental results indicate that the precoating of zeolitic seeds on supports is beneficial to crystallization by shortening the synthesis time and improving the membrane strength. The resulting zeolite X membrane shows permselectivity to tri-n-butylamine((C4H9)3N) over perfluro-tributyl-amine ((C4Fg)3N), and a permeance ratio of 57 for ((C4Hg)3N to (C4F9)3N could be reached at 350℃. Permeances of BZ, EB and TIPB through the zeolite membrane were also measured and were found to slightly increase with temperature.     

支撑液膜研究及应用进展

支撑液膜技术是高选择性膜分离技术,本文对支撑液膜分离技术的研究进展进行了回顾,详述了用于金属离子分离的支撑液膜所采用的载体、影响支撑液膜稳定性的原因以及改善途径,并对支撑液膜的发展前景进行了展望。