用于气体分离的新型耦合膜分离方法及装置

本发明涉及气体分离方法及装置，用于气体分离的新型耦合膜分离方法，原料气体经多个分离单元进行分离，每个分离单元原料气体首先与一侧的气体分离膜接触，能与载体溶液形成配体通过促进传递的气体组分首先在与之接触的气体分离膜内溶解扩散，然后与载体溶液形成配体结构以促进传递形式通过薄层载体溶液与另一侧气体分离膜接触，通过在该气体分离膜内的溶解扩散在渗透侧解吸；原料气中不能与载体溶液形成配体的气体组分首先在与之接触的气体分离膜内溶解扩散，然后在薄层载体溶液中以溶解扩散的形式与另一侧气体分离膜接触，通过在该气体分离膜内的溶解扩散在渗透侧解吸，达到分离原料气体的目的。本发明分离方法既满足气体高压分离要求，杜绝塑性效应，又防止膜的润湿和泄露，维持长期的稳定性。     

气体分离分子筛膜

本文简述了气体分离分子筛膜的研究进展,总结了气体分离分子筛膜的制备方法、分子筛膜类型、气体分离性能及催化应用,分析了气体渗透测定方法和分离机理,对分子筛膜的发展提出一些建议。     

过渡金属有机络合物添加剂对聚酰亚胺气体分离膜性能的影响

采用具有庞大取代基团的过渡金属有机络合物作为添加剂制备了聚酰亚胺气体分离膜,研究了过渡金属盐、有机配体和金属络合物对聚酰亚胺均质膜和非对称膜氢、氮气体透过性能的影响,结果表明过渡金属盐添加剂提高了分离系数,但降低了气体透过速率;有机配体添加剂增大了气体透过速率却降低了分离系数;以络合物作添加剂时,可在不降低分离系数的情况下使气体透过速率得到提高,是一种改进气体分离膜性能的有效方法。     

功能液晶膜的新进展

论述了功能液晶膜的新近研究结果和发展动向,指出功能液晶膜具有优异的气体分离、液体分离和电光性能,可望作为高效气体分离膜、高效液体分离膜和大面积光控膜,具有较重大的理论与实际意义。     

气体分离膜成膜技术及成膜机理的研究进展

介绍了气体分离膜的发展历史，从７０年代初期反渗透膜干燥技术获得气体分离膜，８０年代出现的“阻力型”“复合型”到９０年代发明的致密皮层非对称气体分离膜，着重介绍了成膜液相转化过程中发生微相分离的成膜机理，最后，提出现行成膜技术的不足及成膜机理的研究方向。     

添加PVP和涂覆聚合物对PAN基中空纤维炭膜性能的影响

研究了用ＰＡＮ基中空纤维膜为基质制备气体分离用中空纤维炭膜的过程。考察了添加剂ＰＶＰ对炭膜的Ｈ２，Ｎ２气体渗透速率，分离系九和柔韧性的影响。同时，研究了用丙烯腈共聚物对中空纤维炭膜涂覆改性后Ｈ２，Ｎ２气体的渗透速率和分离系数。     

聚酰亚胺膜的分子结构与透气性能之间关系的研究 I.

膜法是近十余年来发展起来的一种新型分离技术,是分离混合气体最为节能的方法。其关键是气体膜分离器,它的分离特性、使用条件和寿命主要取决于膜材料的选择。目前工业上使用的高分子气体分离膜材料主要有聚砜、醋酸纤维素、改性聚苯醚、改性聚硅氧烷、     

聚酰亚胺气体分离膜的进展

本文叙述了近年来聚酰亚胺气体分离膜的发展概况。讨论了聚合物结构、共聚改性、交联改性和成膜历史对聚酰亚胺透气性能的影响。脂环族聚酰亚胺和六氟二酐(6FDA)型聚酰亚胺兼具有高透气性和高透气选择性,是一类具有发展前途的气体分离膜材料。     

分子结构对6FDA型聚酰亚胺透气性能的影响

理想的气体分离膜材料应该同时具有高的透气性和良好的透气选择性、高强度、耐高温、耐化学介质和良好的成膜加工性能,聚酰亚胺是一类具有各种优良性能的气体分离膜材料,其中尤以6FDA型聚酰亚胺最引人注目,这类聚酰亚胺在保持普通聚酰亚胺高性能的基础上,改善了加工性能,它们可溶于极性非质子溶剂,可采用相转换法制成不对称膜。本文报道这类聚酰亚胺的分子结构与气体分离性能的关系。     

等离子体聚合制备气体分离膜研究概况

本文叙述了近年来等离子体聚合技术制备气体分离膜,主要是富氧膜的研究进展。着重介绍等离子体聚合制备复合膜的类型及结构、气体透过特性、等离子体反应参数对复合膜气体透过性的影响。     

毛细管电泳法在手性分离中的应用及进展

近年来,毛细管电泳(CE) 手性分离方法的研究主要集中在各种手性添加剂与对映体药物的匹配及实验条件的最优化选择上.目前,较为成熟的CE分离模式有:区带电泳(CZE)、凝胶电泳(CGE)、等速电泳(CITP)、胶束电动色谱(MEKC)和非水电泳(NACE)等,并已成功地用于手性化合物对映体的分离.CE手性分离研究正朝着新型手性选择剂的研制和实现与其他各种定性分析仪器及其他色谱分离模式的联用方向发展.     

Lipophilic ternary complexes in liquid–liquid extraction of trivalent lanthanides

The formation of ternary complexes between lanthanide ions [Nd(III) or Eu(III)], octyl(phenyl)-N,N-diisobutyl-carbamoylmethylphosphine oxide (CMPO), and bis-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (HDEHP) was probed by liquid–liquid extraction and spectroscopic techniques. Equilibrium modeling of data for the extraction of Nd(III) or Eu(III) from lactic acid media into n-dodecane solutions of CMPO and HDEHP indicates the predominant extracted species are of the type [Ln(AHA)₂(A)] and [Ln(CMPO)(AHA)₂(A)], where Ln?=?Nd or Eu and A represents the DEHP^? anion. FTIR (for both Eu and Nd) and visible spectrophotometry (in the case of Nd) indicate the formation of the [Ln(CMPO)(A)₃] complexes when CMPO is added to n-dodecane solutions of the LnA₃ compounds. Both techniques indicate a stronger propensity of CMPO to complex Nd(III) versus Eu(III).     

Applications of magnetic materials separation in biological nanomedicine

As a result of their advantages for superparamagnetic properties, good biocompatibility, and high binding capacity, functionalized magnetic materials became widely popular over the past couple of decades, being applied on large scale in various processes of sample preparation for biomedicine. In this work, we perform an in‐depth review on the current progress in the field of magnetic bead separation, discussing in detail the physical basis of this process, various synthesis methods and surface modification strategies. We place special focus of attention as well on the latest applications of magnetic polymer microspheres in cell separation, protein purification, immobilized enzyme, nucleic acid separation, and extraction of bioactive compounds with low molecular weight. Existing problems are highlighted and possible trends of magnetic separation techniques for biomedicine in the future are proposed.     

Fabrication of Matrimid/polyethersulfone dual-layer hollow fiber membranes for gas separation

We have developed almost defect-free Matrimid/polyethersulfone (PES) dual-layer hollow fibers with an ultra-thin outer layer of about 10 × 10⁻⁶ m (10 μm), studied the effects of spinneret and coagulant temperatures and dope flow rates on membrane morphology and separation performance, and highlighted the process similarities and differences between single-layer and dual-layer hollow fiber fabrications. The compositions of the outer and inner layer dopes were 26.2/58.8/15.0 (in wt.%) Matrimid/NMP/methanol and 36/51.2/12.8 (in wt.%) PES/NMP/ethanol, respectively. It is found that 25 °C for both spinneret and coagulant is a better condition, and the fibers thus spun exhibit an O₂/N₂ selectivity of 6.26 which is within the 87% of the intrinsic value and a calculated apparent dense-layer thickness of about 2886 × 10⁻¹⁰ m (2886 Å). These dual-layer membranes also have impressive CO₂/CH₄ selectivity of around 40 in mixed gas tests. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies show that low coagulant temperatures produce dual-layer hollow fibers with an overall thicker thickness and tighter interfacial structure which may result in a higher substructure resistance and decrease the permeance and selectivity simultaneously. The elemental analysis of the interface skins confirms that a faster inter-layer diffusion occurs when the fibers are spun at higher spinneret temperatures. Experimental results also reveal that the separation performance of dual-layer hollow fiber membranes is extremely sensitive to the outer layer dope flow rate, and the inner layer dope flow rate also has some influence. SEM pictures indicate that the macrovoid formation in dual-layer asymmetric hollow fiber membranes is quite similar to that in single-layer ones. It appears that macrovoids observed in this study likely start from local stress imbalance and weak points.     

Sulfonated polysulfone-preparative routes and applications in membranes used for pressure driven techniques

There is much enthusiasm now-a-days for efforts to improve membrane performances. Membrane modification is one of the critical approaches needed for the development of membrane science and technology. The beauty of research in this orientation is that it is a dynamic process that moves forward slowly and recommendations are made based on the science available. In this regard sulfonation of polysulfones is an excellent move. The present review demonstrates different sulfonation strategies of polysulfones as well as promoting applications in pressure driven separation sciences (viz. salt, macromolecule, organic separation from water). It shows that marked path is promising one.     

Modelling of multifrequency IRMPD for laser isotope separation

The process of infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) of molecules is of great fundamental importance and has practical significance, such as isotope separation etc. Unfortunately, a clear insight into the process has been hindered by the bewildering array of important variables affecting MPD. The dissociation probability γ (φ) i.e. the yield has been found to be a sensitive function of laser fluence φ along with numerous other parameters like laser frequency, gas pressure etc. We have shown that in single frequency IRMPD, an accurate quantitative characterization of the dissociation probability can be adequately expressed by a ‘power law’ model with two fitting parameters namely critical fluence, φ_c and multiphoton order,m. This model was exploited in analysing our MPD results on various systems. However, the small isotope shift encountered in heavy elements and the sticking phenomenon observed in small light molecules restrict respectively the separation factor and the dissociation yield. These problems can effectively be tackled by irradiation with multifrequency laser beams which can be chosen appropriately on the basis of spectroscopic features. Based on our success in single frequency model, multifrequency IRMPD is modelled by a functional form containing the product of power law terms for individual fluences on irradiation frequencies. This model is successfully benchmarked with our experimental results on multifrequency LIS of tritium. Such knowledge can be utilized for appropriate separation process design, evaluation and optimization.     

Sheath-assisted versus sheathless dielectrophoretic particle separation

Lab-on-chip devices are widely being used for binary and ternary cell/particle separation applications. Among the lab-on-chip methods, dielectrophoresis (DEP) is a cost-effective and label-free method, with great capabilities for size-based separation of cells and particles, which is mostly performed in sheath-assisted forms. However, the elimination of the sheath flows offers advantages such as ease of operation and higher sample throughput. In this work, we present a comparison of sheath-assisted and sheathless DEP separation of three sizes of microparticles using tilted electrodes. The sheath-assisted design was capable of separating the 5, 10, and 15 μm particles with a separation efficiency as high as 98.0% for 15 μm particles. By adding a DEP focusing region, a sheathless DEP separator was proposed, which offered higher throughputs (up to 10 times) at the cost of lowering the separation efficiency (a reduction up to 10.3% for 15 μm) compared to the sheath-assisted design. To enhance the separation efficiency, a combination of the DEP focusing accompanied by weak sheath flows from both sides was proposed. This design achieved the highest sample separation yield in the outlets (as high as 98.7% for 15 μm) with a sample throughput of more than 4.2 μL/min. This study provides insights into the choice of an appropriate platform for any application in which the yield, purity, throughput, and portability must be considered.     

分离科学动态

在介绍分离技术的分类，色谱变的基础上，对分离科学的发展动态进行了评述。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法结合多糖衍生物手性固定相拆分氰戊菊酯

建立了以多糖衍生物为手性固定相的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)直接拆分氰戊菊酯对映体的方法。在反相液相色谱条件下,考察了手性固定相的种类、流动相组成、柱温、流速对氰戊菊酯4个立体异构体分离的影响。同时,利用热力学方法对氰戊菊酯的立体异构体与固定相之间的色谱保留和分离的热力学机理进行了探讨。结果表明:采用Lux Cellulose-3(纤维素-三(4-甲基苯甲酸酯))手性色谱柱,在以流动相为乙腈-水(5 mmol/L甲酸铵)=(55:45,V:V)流速0.4 mL/min,柱温30℃的条件下,可在14 mins内实现氰戊菊酯4个立体异构体的基线分离。拓展了HPLC-MS/MS在菊酯类手性农药对映体分离及检测上的应用。     

混合萃取剂拆分氧氟沙星外消旋体

将混合萃取剂技术应用于氧氟沙星外消旋体的萃取分离,主要研究了氧氟沙星对映体在水和有机溶剂两相中的萃取分配行为。研究结果表明:在L-(-)-对甲基二苯甲酰酒石酸(L-DTTA)的浓度为0.18mol/L,L-(-)-二苯甲酰酒石酸(L-DBTA)的浓度为0.12mol/L,氧氟沙星浓度为0.2mg/mL,萃取温度为25℃,pH为7.00时,L型对映体和D型对映体的分配系数分别达到10.2和4.20,手性选择性达到2.43。